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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">zqp47tqxhS6krCC7BwgcKpg</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000200901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.2022050</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Escore de Risco Cl&#237;nico Simples para Prever a Mortalidade P&#243;s Alta Hospitalar em Pacientes Chineses Hospitalizados por Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2979-0088</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Morales</surname>
            <given-names>Guillermo Alberto Arana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6805-6786</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Alpaca-Salvador</surname>
            <given-names>Hugo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8941-7368</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Salazar-Ram&#237;rez</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Nacional de Santa</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Chimbote</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PE">Peru</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Nacional de Santa, Chimbote - Peru</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Guillermo Alberto Aran <bold>a Morales &#8226;</bold> Rua As Gaviotas A1 Lote 19 Urbaniza&#231;&#227;o Buenos Aires Nuevo Chimbote - Prov&#237;ncia de Santa, departamento de Ancash - Per&#250; E-mail: <email>guillearana@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220250</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Lemos com grande interesse o artigo de Wang et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> sobre o escore de risco cl&#237;nico para prever mortalidade em pacientes chineses hospitalizados por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC). Os autores desenvolveram uma escala com cinco vari&#225;veis para prever mortalidade por IC um ano ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar: idade, sexo feminino, pontua&#231;&#227;o na escala da New York Heart Association (NYHA) &gt;3, di&#226;metro do &#225;trio esquerdo e &#237;ndice de massa corporal; com boa capacidade preditiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Uma limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo &#233; o m&#233;todo de divis&#227;o aleat&#243;ria em dois grupos, um para o desenvolvimento do modelo preditivo e outro para avaliar seu desempenho, que, quando extra&#237;dos da mesma coorte, t&#234;m caracter&#237;sticas semelhantes e, portanto, o desempenho preditivo pode ser superestimado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Um aspeto muito interessante do estudo &#233; que ele se concentra na avalia&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com IC na alta hospitalar, utiliza vari&#225;veis preditivas simples facilmente avali&#225;veis e prev&#234; a mortalidade em um ano. H&#225; uma variedade de estudos de escores progn&#243;sticos para IC, em pacientes ambulatoriais, hospitalizados ou de emerg&#234;ncia e preveem mortalidade durante a interna&#231;&#227;o, nos primeiros 30 dias ou um ano; muitos deles com vieses que limitam sua validez.</p>
    <p>Uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica avaliou escores progn&#243;sticos em pacientes com IC aguda na sala de emerg&#234;ncia. Oito estudos foram identificados. O resultado preditivo mais frequentemente estimado foi mortalidade em 30 dias. Os escores avaliaram os seguintes preditores: idade, classe NYHA, press&#227;o sist&#243;lica, press&#227;o diast&#243;lica, satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio, pCO<sub>2</sub> (press&#227;o parcial de di&#243;xido de carbono), creatinina, e pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico atrial. Apenas duas escalas avaliadas foram muito precisas e devidamente validadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Iwakami et al. avaliaram o desempenho de escores progn&#243;sticos existentes em uma coorte de pacientes japoneses com IC aguda para prever mortalidade em 30 dias. Avaliaram as caracter&#237;sticas do estudo de refer&#234;ncia e aplicou as ferramentas para determinar o vi&#233;s. Dos 6340 artigos identificados, eles estudaram 224 escores. Apenas 30 (13%) relataram c-estat&#237;stica na coorte de deriva&#231;&#227;o. Quando os modelos identificados foram aplicados &#224; coorte japonesa, foi encontrada uma estat&#237;stica-c geral de 0,64. O estudo encontrou uma boa correla&#231;&#227;o entre o baixo risco de vi&#233;s na sele&#231;&#227;o da amostra e a estat&#237;stica-c. Conclu&#237;ram que uma amostra &#243;tima no estudo de deriva&#231;&#227;o &#233; fundamental para determinar o desempenho dos escores progn&#243;sticos de IC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O modelo preditivo proposto por Wang et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> ou outros modelos, podem ser aplicados a pacientes da popula&#231;&#227;o latino-americana? Sprockel et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> avaliaram tr&#234;s modelos preditivos existentes para estimar a morte intra-hospitalar em pacientes com IC aguda em um hospital na Col&#244;mbia; foram avaliados os modelos ADHERE, OPTIMIZE-HF e GWTG-HF. O estudo conclui que os escores de risco avaliados apresentaram baixa capacidade de discriminar o risco de mortalidade hospitalar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Estudos de validade externa na Am&#233;rica Latina s&#227;o definitivamente necess&#225;rios para avaliar o desempenho, estabilidade e reprodutibilidade de modelos preditivos aplicados em outras &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas ou, melhor ainda, realizar estudos para desenvolver e validar seus pr&#243;prios modelos.</p>
    <p>Palavras-chave: Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/mortalidade; Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o; Popula&#231;&#227;o; China; Am&#233;rica Latina.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Simple Clinical Risk Score to Predict Post-Discharge Mortality in Chinese Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2979-0088</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Morales</surname>
            <given-names>Guillermo Alberto Arana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6805-6786</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Alpaca-Salvador</surname>
            <given-names>Hugo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8941-7368</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Salazar-Ram&#237;rez</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PE">Peru</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Nacional de Santa, Chimbote - Peru</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Guillermo Alberto Arana Morales &#8226; Rua As Gaviotas A1 Lote 19 Urbaniza&#231;&#227;o, Buenos Aires, Nuevo Chimbote - Prov&#237;ncia de Santa, departamento de Ancash - Per&#250; E-mail: guillearana@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Failure/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Population</kwd>
        <kwd>China</kwd>
        <kwd>Latin America</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>We have read with great interest the article published by Wang et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> on the clinical risk score to predict mortality in Chinese patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF). The authors developed a scale with five variables to predict mortality from HF after hospital discharge within one year: age, female sex, New York Heart Association (NYHA) score &gt;3, left atrial diameter, and body mass index; with good predictive ability.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> One limitation of the study is the design of random division into two groups, one for the development of the predictive model and the other to evaluate its performance, which, when drawn from the same cohort, have similar characteristics and therefore the predictive performance may be overestimated.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A very interesting aspect of the study is that it focuses on the evaluation of patients with HF at hospital discharge, uses simple, easily assessable predictive variables, and predicts mortality at one year. There are a variety of studies of prognostic scores for HF, in outpatient, hospitalized, or emergency patients, and they predict mortality during hospitalization, within the first 30 days, or a year; many of them with biases that limit their validity.</p>
      <p>A systematic review evaluated prognostic models in patients with acute HF in the emergency room. Eight studies were identified. The most frequently estimated predictive outcome was 30-day mortality. The scales evaluated the following predictors: age, NYHA class, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, oxygen saturation, pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide), creatinine, atrial natriuretic peptide. Only two scales evaluated were very precise and duly validated.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Iwakami et al. evaluated the performance of existing prognostic scores in a cohort of Japanese patients with acute HF to predict 30-day mortality. It evaluated the characteristics of the derivation study and applied tools to determine biases. Of 6,340 items identified, he studied 224 models. Only 30 (13%) reported c-statistic in the derivation cohort. When the identified models were applied to the Japanese cohort, an overall c-statistic of 0.64 was found. The study found a good correlation between low risk of bias in sample selection and c-statistic. It concludes that an optimal sample in the derivation study is key to determining the performance of HF prognostic models.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Can the predictive model proposed by Wang et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> or other models be applied to patients in a Latin American population? Sprockel et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> evaluated three existing predictive models for estimating in-hospital death in patients with acute HF from a hospital in Colombia; the ADHERE, OPTIMIZE-HF and GWTG-HF models were evaluated. The study concludes that the risk scales evaluated showed a poor ability to discriminate the risk of intra hospital death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Studies in Latin America of external validity are definitely required to evaluate the performance, stability and reproducibility of predictive models applied in other geographical areas or, better still, carry out studies to develop and validate their own models.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
