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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">WY36FdjqRmP7W3Y8s7zpNRj</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000200502</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00502</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220205</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tratamento Ambulatorial de Levosimedana por 6 Horas como Ponte para Transplante Card&#237;aco</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4614-4977</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#243;nio Valentim</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0047-8306</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Reis</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6061-9663</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tim&#243;teo</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Rui</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira-da-Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Tiago</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Valdemar</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1873-0074</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Rita Ilh&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pombo</surname>
            <given-names>Delmira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Tiago</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Catarina</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Claudia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Rui Cruz</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento, Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital de Santa Marta</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio de Lisboa Central</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia &#8211; Hospital de Santa Marta &#8211; Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Ant&#243;nio Valentim Gon&#231;alves &#8226; Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta &#8211; Rua de Santa Marta, 50, 1169-024, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>antonio.a.goncalves.14@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220205</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Levosimedana</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Tratamento em Hospital de Dia</kwd>
        <kwd>Ponte para Transplante</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Resumo</title>
      <p>Registro observacional que inclui 8 pacientes consecutivos que aguardavam um transplante card&#237;aco e necessitaram de terapia inotr&#243;pica permanente ou regular (INTERMACS classe 3 ou 4) entre 2018 e 2021. Levosimedana foi administrado em infus&#227;o intravenosa de 6 horas (0,2&#956;g/kg/min) a cada 2 semanas em ambiente ambulatorial. O tratamento foi continuado at&#233; que um doador estivesse dispon&#237;vel, ou a melhora cl&#237;nica o tornasse desnecess&#225;rio.</p>
      <p>O seguimento m&#233;dio foi de 4,1&#177;3,5 meses, e nenhum paciente necessitou de outra interna&#231;&#227;o enquanto aguardava doador. Os tratamentos foram bem tolerados, sem eventos adversos. Um paciente melhorou, enquanto os outros 7 pacientes foram transplantados sem qualquer sinal de vasoplegia ap&#243;s a cirurgia card&#237;aca. Todos os pacientes estavam em casa e vivos 30 dias ap&#243;s o transplante card&#237;aco.</p>
      <p>At&#233; onde sabemos, este &#233; o primeiro relato da possibilidade de fazer uma ponte em pacientes em INTERMACS classe III ou IV com tratamento de Levosimedana por 6 horas sem a necessidade de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es recorrentes.</p>
      <p>O transplante card&#237;aco &#233; o tratamento de escolha para pacientes selecionados com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) avan&#231;ada, melhorando a qualidade de vida e conferindo benef&#237;cio de sobrevida em compara&#231;&#227;o ao manejo convencional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> No entanto, o transplante card&#237;aco depende da presen&#231;a de um doador, necessitando de estrat&#233;gias de ponte. A infus&#227;o de inotr&#243;picos foi sugerida como um desses tratamentos, mas uma metan&#225;lise de estudos randomizados encontrou aumento da mortalidade com suporte inotr&#243;pico de longo prazo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> e as diretrizes de IC n&#227;o endossam essa estrat&#233;gia.</p>
      <p>O inodilatador Levosimedana surgiu como op&#231;&#227;o de tratamento: sua a&#231;&#227;o inotr&#243;pica pode se prolongar por at&#233; 2 semanas, sendo menos pr&#243;-arr&#237;tmica que os inotr&#243;picos tradicionais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Era tradicionalmente administrado como uma infus&#227;o de 24 horas. No entanto, uma infus&#227;o de 24 horas requer pelo menos uma interna&#231;&#227;o de dois dias. Recentemente, dois ensaios cl&#237;nicos duplo-cegos randomizados controlados por placebo avaliaram ciclos de 6 horas de Levosimedana em pacientes ambulatoriais com IC avan&#231;ada e demonstraram que reduz os n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP e interna&#231;&#245;es por IC aguda descompensada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>At&#233; onde sabemos, este &#233; o primeiro relato de uma infus&#227;o ambulatorial de Levosimedana de 6 horas sendo usada como ponte para transplante card&#237;aco em pacientes classificados como INTERMACS classe 3 ou 4.</p>
      <p>Este &#233; um registro observacional de centro &#250;nico que inclui 8 pacientes consecutivos que aguardavam um transplante card&#237;aco e necessitaram de terapia inotr&#243;pica permanente ou regular (INTERMACS classe 3 ou 4) entre 2018 e 2021. A investiga&#231;&#227;o est&#225; em conformidade com os princ&#237;pios descritos na Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque. Todos os pacientes forneceram consentimento informado por escrito.</p>
      <p>Levosimedana foi administrada em infus&#227;o intravenosa de 6 horas (0,2&#956;g/kg/min, sem bolus) a cada duas semanas em ambiente ambulatorial com monitoramento n&#227;o invasivo dos sinais vitais. A terapia para IC foi mantida durante o dia do procedimento. No primeiro ciclo de tratamento, foi iniciada uma dose de 0,05 &#956;g/kg/min, titulada para 0,1 &#956;g/kg/min se bem tolerado nas primeiras duas horas, e para 0,2 &#956;g/kg/min ap&#243;s mais duas horas de tratamento.</p>
      <p>O tratamento a cada duas semanas foi continuado at&#233; que um doador estivesse dispon&#237;vel ou uma melhora cl&#237;nica significativa tornasse o tratamento desnecess&#225;rio.</p>
      <p>O seguimento m&#233;dio foi de 4,1 &#177; 3,5 meses, com tr&#234;s pacientes com cardiomiopatia isqu&#234;mica, duas cardiomiopatias induzidas por quimioterapia, uma cardiomiopatia arritmog&#234;nica e duas cardiomiopatias dilatadas, uma associada a doen&#231;a valvular pr&#233;via e uma idiop&#225;tica. As caracter&#237;sticas populacionais basais detalhadas s&#227;o descritas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> , revelando uma popula&#231;&#227;o com IC avan&#231;ada (mediana de NTproBNP 7595pg/ml, &#237;ndice card&#237;aco m&#233;dio 1,8 L/min/m<sup>2</sup> e pico m&#233;dio de consumo de oxig&#234;nio previsto de 41%). Devido &#224; sua depend&#234;ncia de medica&#231;&#227;o inotr&#243;pica permanente ou regular para estabilidade cl&#237;nica, todos os pacientes foram classificados como INTERMACS classe 3 ou 4 antes de iniciar tratamentos de 6 horas com Levosimedana.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas basais da popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo (n=8)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Idade (anos)</th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">55,6 &#177; 16,2</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Etiologia isqu&#234;mica</td>
                <td align="center">3 (37,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sexo masculino</td>
                <td align="center">3 (37,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">102,0 &#177; 18,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (bpm)</td>
                <td align="center">69,5 &#177; 9,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Furosemida dose di&#225;ria (mg)</td>
                <td align="center">100,0 &#177; 51,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular (ml/min)</td>
                <td align="center">55,9 &#177; 25,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>NTproBNP (pg/ml)</td>
                <td align="center">7595 (3956, 12038)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Di&#226;metro diast&#243;lico final do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (mm)</td>
                <td align="center">67,3 &#177; 14,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Di&#226;metro sist&#243;lico final do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (mm)</td>
                <td align="center">55,8 &#177; 15,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (%)</td>
                <td align="center">29,9 &#177; 6,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Strain longitudinal global (%)</td>
                <td align="center">6,9 &#177; 4,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>D&#233;bito card&#237;aco (l/min)</td>
                <td align="center">3,3 &#177; 0,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#205;ndice card&#237;aco (l/min/m<sub>2</sub>)</td>
                <td align="center">1,8 &#177; 0,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Press&#227;o capilar pulmonar em cunha (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">23,3 &#177; 7,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Press&#227;o atrial direita (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">12,1 &#177; 7,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Press&#227;o m&#233;dia da art&#233;ria pulmonar (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">32,3 &#177; 9,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Resist&#234;ncia vascular pulmonar (WU)</td>
                <td align="center">2,7 &#177; 1,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#205;ndice de pulsatilidade da art&#233;ria pulmonar</td>
                <td align="center">3,3 &#177; 2,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Trabalho card&#237;aco</td>
                <td align="center">0,6 &#177; 0,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio (ml/kg/min)</td>
                <td align="center">12,0 &#177; 2,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio previsto (%)</td>
                <td align="center">40,8 &#177; 6,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Inclina&#231;&#227;o VE/VCO<sub>2</sub></td>
                <td align="center">46,6 &#177; 5,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Pico de fluxo expirat&#243;rio</td>
                <td align="center">1,0 &#177; 0,1</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>As infus&#245;es foram hemodinamicamente bem toleradas (m&#233;dia de 10 tratamentos por paciente). N&#227;o houve efeitos adversos graves, como arritmias sustentadas, infec&#231;&#245;es associadas ao acesso venoso perif&#233;rico ou hipotens&#227;o sintom&#225;tica, que exigissem redu&#231;&#227;o da dose padr&#227;o de 0,2 g/kg/min.</p>
      <p>Nenhum paciente necessitou de outra interna&#231;&#227;o enquanto aguardava um transplante card&#237;aco. Um paciente melhorou durante o programa Levosimedana e foi removido da lista de transplante card&#237;aco. Os outros 7 pacientes foram transplantados com sucesso.</p>
      <p>Quando NTproBNP, troponina e taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular foram comparados entre o primeiro ciclo de tratamento ambulatorial com Levosimedana e o &#250;ltimo ciclo antes de um cora&#231;&#227;o ficar dispon&#237;vel, houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o num&#233;rica em NTproBNP (7595 (3956, 12038) pg/ml vs. 5415 (2713, 10263) pg/ml) e troponina (32,2 &#177; 26,1 pg/ml vs. 22,3 &#177; 10,3 pg/ml), enquanto a taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular aumentou numericamente (55,9 &#177; 25,6 ml/min vs. 61,2 &#177; 23,3 ml/min).</p>
      <p>O transplante card&#237;aco foi realizado em m&#233;dia 6,3 &#177; 4,5 dias ap&#243;s o &#250;ltimo tratamento ambulatorial com Levosimedana. Um paciente tinha um cora&#231;&#227;o dispon&#237;vel no dia do tratamento. Esses pacientes n&#227;o apresentaram sinais de vasoplegia ap&#243;s a cirurgia card&#237;aca. Ao utilizar nosso protocolo inotr&#243;pico padr&#227;o com Isoprenalina conforme necess&#225;rio para frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca acima de 90bpm nas primeiras 72 horas e Dobutamina (2,5 g/kg/min) ou Milrinona (0,2 g/kg/min) de acordo com a prefer&#234;ncia do cirurgi&#227;o card&#237;aco em carga do procedimento, a press&#227;o arterial m&#233;dia 24 horas ap&#243;s o procedimento foi de 82,1 &#177; 8,2mmHg. Nenhum paciente teve suporte inotr&#243;pico 96 horas ap&#243;s o procedimento. Todos os pacientes estavam em casa e vivos 30 dias ap&#243;s o transplante card&#237;aco.</p>
      <p>Esses achados preliminares destacam a possibilidade de conectar pacientes em INTERMACS classe III ou IV com tratamento de 6 horas com Levosimedana sem a necessidade de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es recorrentes.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
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              <surname>Metra</surname>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio de Lisboa Central sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo CA 2856. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Outpatient 6-Hour Levosimendan Treatment as a Bridge to Heart Transplant</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4614-4977</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#243;nio Valentim</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of the data, Statistical analysis and Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0047-8306</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Reis</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6061-9663</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tim&#243;teo</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Rui</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data, Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira-da-Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Tiago</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research, Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Valdemar</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1873-0074</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Rita Ilh&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pombo</surname>
            <given-names>Delmira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Tiago</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Catarina</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Claudia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Rui Cruz</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research, Obtaining financing, Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia &#8211; Hospital de Santa Marta &#8211; Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Ant&#243;nio Valentim Gon&#231;alves &#8226; Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta &#8211; Rua de Santa Marta, 50, 1169-024, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal E-mail: antonio.a.goncalves.14@gmail.com</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Levosimendan</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Outpatient Treatment</kwd>
        <kwd>Bridge to Transplant</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Heart transplantation is the treatment of choice for selected patients with advanced heart failure (HF), improving quality of life and conferring a survival benefit compared to conventional management.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> However, heart transplantation depends on a donor&#8217;s presence, necessitating bridge strategies. Infusion of inotropes was suggested as one of these treatments, but a meta-analysis of randomized trials found increased mortality with long-term inotropic support,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> and HF guidelines do not now endorse this strategy.</p>
      <p>The inodilator Levosimendan has arisen as a treatment option: its inotropic action can continue for up to 2 weeks while being less pro-arrhythmic than traditional inotropes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> It was traditionally administered as a 24-hour infusion. Nonetheless, a 24-hour infusion necessitates at least a two-day stay in the hospital. Recently, two randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials evaluated 6-hour cycles of Levosimendan therapy in ambulatory patients with advanced HF and demonstrated that it reduces NT-proBNP levels and admissions for acute decompensated HF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an outpatient 6-hour Levosimendan infusion being used to bridge to heart transplant in patients classified as INTERMACS class 3 or 4.</p>
      <p>This single-center observational registry includes 8 consecutive patients waiting for a heart transplant and required permanent or regular inotropic therapy (INTERMACS class 3 or 4) between 2018 and 2021. The investigation conforms to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients provided written informed consent.</p>
      <p>Levosimendan was given as a 6-hour intravenous infusion (0.2 &#956;g/kg/min, without bolus) every two weeks in an ambulatory setting with non-invasive monitoring of vital signs. HF therapy was maintained during the day of the procedure. In the first treatment cycle, a dose of 0.05 &#956;g/kg/min was started, titrated to 0.1 &#956;g/kg/min if well tolerated in the first two hours, and to 0.2 &#956;g/kg/min after another two hours of treatment.</p>
      <p>Treatment every two weeks was continued until a donor was available or a significant clinical improvement made the treatment unnecessary.</p>
      <p>The mean follow-up was 4.1 &#177; 3.5 months, with three patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, two chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathies, one arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and two dilated cardiomyopathy, one associated with previous valvular disease and one idiopathic. Detailed baseline population characteristics are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> , revealing an advanced HF population (median NTproBNP 7595pg/ml, mean cardiac index 1.8 L/min/m<sup>2</sup>and mean peak predicted oxygen consumption of 41%). Due to their reliance on permanent or regular inotropic medication for clinical stability, all patients were classified as INTERMACS class 3 or 4 before starting 6-hour Levosimendan treatments.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1001">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Baseline characteristics of the study population (n=8)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Age (years)</th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">55.6 &#177; 16.2</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Ischemic etiology</td>
                <td align="center">3 (37.5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Male gender</td>
                <td align="center">3 (37.5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">102.0 &#177; 18.4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Heart rate (bpm)</td>
                <td align="center">69.5 &#177; 9.4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Furosemide daily dose (mg)</td>
                <td align="center">100.0 &#177; 51.3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Glomerular Filtration Rate (ml/min)</td>
                <td align="center">55.9 &#177; 25.6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>NTproBNP (pg/ml)</td>
                <td align="center">7595 (3956, 12038)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (mm)</td>
                <td align="center">67.3 &#177; 14.7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Left ventricle end-systolic diameter (mm)</td>
                <td align="center">55.8 &#177; 15.9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)</td>
                <td align="center">29.9 &#177; 6.9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Global longitudinal strain (%)</td>
                <td align="center">6.9 &#177; 4.1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cardiac output (l/min)</td>
                <td align="center">3.3 &#177; 0.5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cardiac index (l/min/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                <td align="center">1.8 &#177; 0.3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">23.3 &#177; 7.4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Right atrial pressure (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">12.1 &#177; 7.1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg)</td>
                <td align="center">32.3 &#177; 9.6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Pulmonary vascular resistance (WU)</td>
                <td align="center">2.7 &#177; 1.5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Pulmonary artery pulsatility index</td>
                <td align="center">3.3 &#177; 2.4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cardiac power output</td>
                <td align="center">0.6 &#177; 0.2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Peak oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min)</td>
                <td align="center">12.0 &#177; 2.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Peak predicted oxygen consumption (%)</td>
                <td align="center">40.8 &#177; 6.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope</td>
                <td align="center">46.6 &#177; 5.4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Peak ratio exchange ratio</td>
                <td align="center">1.0 &#177; 0.1</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Infusions were hemodynamically well tolerated (mean 10 treatments for patient). There were no severe adverse effects, such as sustained arrhythmias, infections linked with peripheral venous access, or symptomatic hypotension, that required a reduction in the 0.2 g/kg/min standard dose.</p>
      <p>No patient needed other hospitalization while waiting for a heart transplant. One patient improved during the Levosimendan program and was removed from the heart transplant list. The other 7 patients were successfully transplanted.</p>
      <p>When NTproBNP, troponin, and glomerular filtration rate were compared between the first cycle of outpatient Levosimendan treatment and the last cycle before a heart became available, there was a numerical reduction in NTproBNP (7595 (3956, 12038) pg/ml vs. 5415 (2713, 10263) pg/ml) and troponin (32.2 &#177; 26.1 pg/ml vs. 22.3 &#177; 10.3 pg/ml), while the glomerular filtration rate numerically increased (55.9 &#177; 25.6 ml/min vs. 61.2 &#177; 23.3 ml/min).</p>
      <p>Heart transplant was performed at a mean of 6.3 &#177; 4.5 days after the last outpatient Levosimendan treatment. One patient had a heart available on the day of the treatment. These patients had no signs of vasoplegia after the cardiac surgery. While using our standard inotropic protocol with Isoprenaline as needed for a heart rate above 90bpm in the first 72 hours and Dobutamine (2.5 g/kg/min) or Milrinone (0.2 g/kg/min) according to the preference of the cardiac surgeon in charge of the procedure, mean blood pressure 24 hours after the procedure was 82.1 &#177; 8.2mmHg. No patient had inotropic support 96 hours after the procedure. All patients were at home and alive 30 days after the heart transplant.</p>
      <p>These preliminary findings highlight the possibility of bridging patients in INTERMACS class III or IV with 6-hour Levosimendan treatment without requiring recurrent hospitalizations.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio de Lisboa Central under the protocol number CA 2856. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
