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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">xsfXqffh3BjThNh5Tsybxbx</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000200303</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00303</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220151</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Les&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica e Progn&#243;stico em Pacientes Hospitalizados com COVID-19 no Brasil: Resultados do Registro Nacional de COVID-19</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8635-3509</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Hannah Cardoso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5211-411X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1021-1787</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jesus</surname>
            <given-names>Jordana Cristina de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1722-5703</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Meira</surname>
            <given-names>Karina Cardoso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8260-9212</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Passaglia</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Guilherme</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7689-0378</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sacioto</surname>
            <given-names>Manuela Furtado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5278-3727</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bezerra</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Falangola Benjamin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5535-6288</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Schwarzbold</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Vargas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9355-9596</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Maur&#237;lio</surname>
            <given-names>Amanda de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6172-1093</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Farace</surname>
            <given-names>Barbara Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1726-4494</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Carla Thais C&#226;ndida Alves da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1973-1343</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cimini</surname>
            <given-names>Christiane Corr&#234;a Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7381-1651</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel Vitorio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7856-4154</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carazai</surname>
            <given-names>Daniela do Reis</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6178-6938</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ponce</surname>
            <given-names>Daniela</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
            <sup>13</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Emanuel Victor Alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
            <sup>14</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1592-4727</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Manenti</surname>
            <given-names>Euler Roberto Fernandes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
            <sup>15</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8548-9279</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cenci</surname>
            <given-names>Evelin Paola de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
            <sup>16</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9696-4685</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bartolazzi</surname>
            <given-names>Frederico</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9375-5319</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Madeira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#237;cia Cristina de Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9064-7067</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Fagundes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5741-7777</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Velloso</surname>
            <given-names>Isabela Vasconcellos Pires</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
            <sup>17</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3703-2845</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Batista</surname>
            <given-names>Joanna d&#8217;Arc Lyra</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
            <sup>18</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
            <sup>19</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9538-6828</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Morais</surname>
            <given-names>J&#250;lia Drumond Parreiras de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
            <sup>20</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2052-2784</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana da Silva Nogueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6362-1889</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ruschel</surname>
            <given-names>Karen Brasil</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
            <sup>15</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8313-7429</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Karina Paula Medeiros Prado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6697-6426</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zandon&#225;</surname>
            <given-names>Liege Barella</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22">
            <sup>22</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6621-3338</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Menezes</surname>
            <given-names>Luanna Silva Monteiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23">
            <sup>23</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">
            <sup>24</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6606-7756</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Kopittke</surname>
            <given-names>Luciane</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2379-0167</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s C&#233;sar de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22">
            <sup>22</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7069-5827</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nasi</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Ant&#244;nio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">
            <sup>25</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2981-9445</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Floriani</surname>
            <given-names>Maiara Anschau</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">
            <sup>25</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3546-4000</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Ma&#237;ra Dias</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">
            <sup>24</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3603-1987</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carneiro</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">
            <sup>26</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6298-9377</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bicalho</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Aparecida Camargos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">
            <sup>27</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0461-2787</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Clara Pontello Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28">
            <sup>28</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6631-8826</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Godoy</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Frizzo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29">
            <sup>29</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2127-8015</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Guimar&#227;es-J&#250;nior</surname>
            <given-names>Milton Henriques</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30">
            <sup>30</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4194-0026</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mendes</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Mascarenhas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
            <sup>17</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2406-6576</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Delfino-Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Polianna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel Jaqueline Eder</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29">
            <sup>29</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5569-7787</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Finger</surname>
            <given-names>Renan Goulart</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
            <sup>19</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1548-1607</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Menezes</surname>
            <given-names>Rochele Mosmann</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">
            <sup>26</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9655-6294</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Francisco</surname>
            <given-names>Saionara Cristina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31">
            <sup>31</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4782-5440</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Silvia Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32">
            <sup>32</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4614-3109</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Talita Fischer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">
            <sup>24</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1248-2305</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Thainara Concei&#231;&#227;o de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
            <sup>16</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2447-2577</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Polanczyk</surname>
            <given-names>Carisi Anne</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4278-3771</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marcolino</surname>
            <given-names>Milena Soriano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>coordena&#231;&#227;o do projeto</role>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Natal</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RN</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,Natal, RN &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universit&#225;rio de Santa Maria</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Santa Maria</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio de Santa Maria,Santa Maria, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#227;o Jo&#227;o de Deus</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Divin&#243;polis</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Jo&#227;o de Deus,Divin&#243;polis, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santo Ant&#244;nio</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Curvelo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santo Ant&#244;nio,Curvelo, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santa Ros&#225;lia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Te&#243;filo Otoni</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Ros&#225;lia,Te&#243;filo Otoni, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>10</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Te&#243;filo Otoni</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Te&#243;filo Otoni, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff11">
        <label>11</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital UNIMED BH</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital UNIMED BH,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff12">
        <label>12</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Nossa Senhora da Concei&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Nossa Senhora da Concei&#231;&#227;o, Cristo Redentor, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff13">
        <label>13</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual Paulista</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff14">
        <label>14</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Belo Horizonte</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Belo Horizonte (UniBH),Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff15">
        <label>15</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital M&#227;e de Deus</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital M&#227;e de Deus,Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff16">
        <label>16</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Canoas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Canoas</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Canoas,Canoas, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff17">
        <label>17</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospitais da Rede Mater Dei</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospitais da Rede Mater Dei,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff18">
        <label>18</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Chapec&#243;</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapec&#243;, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff19">
        <label>19</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Regional do Oeste</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Chapec&#243;</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Regional do Oeste, Chapec&#243;, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff20">
        <label>20</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff21">
        <label>21</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">IATS</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">CNPq</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Tecnologia em Sa&#250;de (IATS/ CNPq),Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff22">
        <label>22</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Bruno Born</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lajeado</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Bruno Born,Lajeado, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff23">
        <label>23</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Luxemburgo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Luxemburgo, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff24">
        <label>24</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff25">
        <label>25</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Moinhos de Vento</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Moinhos de Vento,Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff26">
        <label>26</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santa Cruz</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Santa Cruz do Sul</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Cruz,Santa Cruz do Sul, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff27">
        <label>27</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Regional Ant&#244;nio Dias</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Patos de Minas</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Regional Ant&#244;nio Dias,Patos de Minas, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff28">
        <label>28</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ouro Preto</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff29">
        <label>29</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">PUCRS</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas (PUCRS),Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff30">
        <label>30</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital M&#225;rcio Cunha</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ipatinga</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital M&#225;rcio Cunha,Ipatinga, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff31">
        <label>31</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Metropolitano Doutor C&#233;lio de Castro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Metropolitano Doutor C&#233;lio de Castro,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff32">
        <label>32</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Semper</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Semper,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Hannah Cardoso Barbosa &#8226; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais &#8211; Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 110. CEP 30130-100. Santa Efig&#234;nia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>hannahcbarbosa@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220151</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> As complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares da COVID-19 s&#227;o aspectos importantes da patog&#234;nese e do progn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a. Evid&#234;ncias do papel progn&#243;stico da troponina e da les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 na Am&#233;rica Latina s&#227;o ainda escassos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p> Avaliar a les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica como preditor independente de mortalidade hospitalar e suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico em pacientes hospitalizados, do registro brasileiro de COVID-19.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Este estudo coorte &#233; um subestudo do registro brasileiro de COVID-19, conduzido em 31 hospitais brasileiros de 17 cidades, de mar&#231;o a setembro de 2020. Os desfechos prim&#225;rios inclu&#237;ram mortalidade hospitalar e suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico invasivo. Os modelos para os desfechos prim&#225;rios foram estimados por regress&#227;o de Poisson com vari&#226;ncia robusta, com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica de p&lt;0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Dos 2925 pacientes [idade mediana de 60 anos (48-71), 57,1%], 27,3% apresentaram les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. A propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com comorbidades foi maior nos pacientes com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica [mediana 2 (1-2) vs. 1 (0-20)]. Os pacientes com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica apresentaram maiores valores medianos de pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico cerebral, lactato desidrogenase, creatina fosfoquinase, N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B e prote&#237;na C reativa em compara&#231;&#227;o a pacientes sem les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Como fatores independentes, prote&#237;na C reativa e contagem de plaquetas foram relacionados com o risco de morte, e neutr&#243;filos e contagem de plaquetas foram relacionados ao risco de suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico invasivo. Os pacientes com n&#237;veis elevados de troponina apresentaram um maior risco de morte (RR 2,03, IC95% 1,60-2,58) e suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico (RR 1,87;IC95% 1,57-2,23), em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224;queles com n&#237;veis de troponina normais.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> Les&#227;o card&#237;aca foi um preditor independente de mortalidade hospitalar e necessidade de suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Infec&#231;&#245;es por Coronav&#237;rus</kwd>
        <kwd>Troponina</kwd>
        <kwd>Respira&#231;&#227;o artificial</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>FAPEMIG</funding-source>
          <award-id>APQ-00208-20</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico</funding-source>
          <award-id>465518/2014&#8211;1</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo foi parcialmente financiado pela Ag&#234;ncia Mineira de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG) [n&#250;mero APQ-00208-20], Instituto Nacional de Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Tecnologias em Sa&#250;de -IATS/ Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico &#8211; CNP [n&#250;mero 465518/2014&#8211;1].</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="8"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="36"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figura Central</label>
        <caption>
          <title>: Les&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica e Progn&#243;stico em Pacientes Hospitalizados com COVID-19 no Brasil: Resultados do Registro Nacional de COVID-19</title>
        </caption>
        <attrib>Figura central dos principais resultados. BNP: pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; LDH: lactato desidrogenase; NT-proBNP: N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; PCR: prote&#237;na C reativa; UTI: unidade de terapia intensiva.</attrib>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-02-e20220151-20151-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares da doen&#231;a causada pelo novo coronav&#237;rus (COVID-19)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> representam um aspecto importante da patog&#234;nese e do progn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a. A les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica &#233; comum em pacientes internados com COVID-19 e tem sido relatada em 7,2% a 36% de todos os pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Embora essa condi&#231;&#227;o tem sido associada a um pior progn&#243;stico,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> evid&#234;ncias de seu papel progn&#243;stico em pacientes internados com COVID-19 na Am&#233;rica Latina ainda s&#227;o escassas.</p>
      <p>No Brasil, muitas pessoas ainda s&#227;o afetadas pela doen&#231;a card&#237;aca chag&#225;sica e valvulopatia reum&#225;tica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Ainda, existem v&#225;rios polimorfismos, heterogeneidade, e miscigena&#231;&#227;o na popula&#231;&#227;o, o que pode influenciar nas taxas de les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e n&#237;veis de biomarcadores em pacientes com COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Em uma an&#225;lise pr&#233;via realizada pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa, n&#243;s desenvolvemos e validamos um escore com alta capacidade discriminat&#243;ria para predizer mortalidade em pacientes brasileiros usando dados facilmente dispon&#237;veis na admiss&#227;o dos pacientes, o escore ABC<sub>2</sub>-SPH.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica como um preditor independente de mortalidade hospitalar e suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico invasivo em pacientes internados com COVID-19, a partir de dados do registro nacional.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="materials|methods">
      <title>Materiais e m&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Este estudo multic&#234;ntrico retrospectivo do tipo coorte &#233; um subestudo do registro brasileiro de COVID-19, conduzido em 31 hospitais de 17 cidades de cinco estados (Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e S&#227;o Paulo), descrito em detalhes em um artigo anterior.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> O estudo foi aprovado pela Comiss&#227;o Nacional de &#201;tica em Pesquisa (CAAE: 30350820.5.1001.0008). Houve dispensa do consentimento livre e esclarecido individual devido &#224; gravidade da situa&#231;&#227;o imposta pela pandemia e &#224; natureza retrospectiva do estudo.</p>
      <p>Este estudo incluiu pacientes adultos consecutivos (idade &#8805;18 anos) com diagn&#243;stico laboratorial confirmado de COVID-19,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> admitidos nos hospitais participantes entre mar&#231;o e setembro de 2020 e que possu&#237;am pelo menos um valor de troponina. Foram exclu&#237;dos pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca cr&#244;nica no prontu&#225;rio m&#233;dico, pacientes com taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular (TFG) menor que 30 mL/min/1,73m<sup>2</sup> [estimada pela f&#243;rmula do <italic>Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration</italic> (CKD-EPI), estabelecida por Levey et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> ), pacientes que receberam alta em menos de 24 horas, e aqueles diagnosticados com COVID-19 durante interna&#231;&#227;o. N&#227;o calculamos tamanho amostral e todos os pacientes eleg&#237;veis foram inclu&#237;dos.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Coleta de dados</title>
        <p>Dados demogr&#225;ficos, cl&#237;nicos, de exames (laborat&#243;rio, eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma), de tratamentos, e desfechos foram coletados por professionais de sa&#250;de treinados e m&#233;dicos residentes de cada centro, usando a ferramenta REDCap ( <italic>Research Electronic Data Capture</italic> vers&#227;o 7.3.1),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> no Centro de Telessa&#250;de do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Foram conduzidas verifica&#231;&#245;es detalhadas para se assegurar a qualidade da coleta dos dados. Foi gerado um c&#243;digo no programa R para identificar inconformidades e inconsist&#234;ncias, conforme descrito anteriormente, com base em regras estabelecidas por experts, e cada centro foi contatado para verificar e corrigir os dados, se necess&#225;rio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, teste da troponina e grupos de estudo</title>
        <p>A les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica foi definida como eleva&#231;&#227;o da troponina card&#237;aca (cTnI ou cTnT) acima do limite superior de refer&#234;ncia (URL) do percentil 99, de acordo com a quarta defini&#231;&#227;o universal de universal de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> A medida da troponina foi realizada segundo decis&#227;o do m&#233;dico respons&#225;vel. Foram coletados os valores de troponina na admiss&#227;o, bem como os valores m&#237;nimos e m&#225;ximos ap&#243;s 24 horas de interna&#231;&#227;o. Qualquer valor anormal entre essas medidas foi considerado para an&#225;lise no presente estudo. O grupo de refer&#234;ncia foi composto por pacientes com valores dentro da faixa de normalidade.</p>
        <p>O teste de troponina variou entre os centros. Devido &#224; falta de produtos qu&#237;micos essenciais &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o do teste no in&#237;cio da pandemia, alguns centros usaram mais que um teste durante o per&#237;odo do estudo. Assim, na an&#225;lise, considerou-se o URL do percentil 99 para cada teste para homens e mulheres, conforme descrito no Material Suplementar ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12001/2022-0151_AO_R1_Supplementary material.pdf">Tabela S1</ext-link> ).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos</title>
        <p>Os desfechos prim&#225;rios foram mortalidade hospitalar e suporte de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva. Desfechos secund&#225;rios inclu&#237;ram complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares (IC aguda, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio agudo, e miocardite), sangramento, eventos tromboemb&#243;licos, choque s&#233;ptico, coagula&#231;&#227;o intravascular disseminada, infec&#231;&#227;o nosocomial, admiss&#227;o &#224; unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o da UTI, tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar, e necessidade de terapia renal substitutiva.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>As an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas foram realizadas em tr&#234;s etapas principais: (i) descritiva, (ii) bivariada (avalia&#231;&#227;o da associa&#231;&#227;o do desfecho com cada vari&#225;vel de interesse), e (iii) an&#225;lises multivariadas.</p>
        <p>Foram realizadas an&#225;lises descritivas de todas as vari&#225;veis, estratificadas em grupo do estudo e grupo controle (pacientes sem infarto do mioc&#225;rdio). As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram descritas como frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas. O teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk foi conduzido para determinar se as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas apresentavam distribui&#231;&#227;o normal. Como todas as vari&#225;veis apresentaram distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal, elas foram descritas como medianas e intervalos interquartis (IIQ). O n&#250;mero de comorbidades foi definido baseado em oito comorbidades que se mostraram exercer um impacto progn&#243;stico sobre a COVID-19 (hipertens&#227;o, diabetes mellitus, obesidade, doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, <italic>flutter</italic> ou fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, cirrose, c&#226;ncer e acidente vascular cerebral pr&#233;vio).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Na an&#225;lise bivariada, vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e demogr&#225;ficas, e desfechos foram avaliados usando o teste exato de Fisher e o teste do qui-quadrado para comparar propor&#231;&#245;es, conforme apropriado. O teste de Kruskal-Wallis foi usado para comparar medianas das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas, e o teste de Dunn foi usado como um teste p&#243;s-hoc. Para as an&#225;lises multivariadas, dois modelos preditivos foram estimados para avaliar o papel da troponina elevada sobre os desfechos prim&#225;rios: mortalidade hospitalar e suporte de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva. Todas as vari&#225;veis inclu&#237;das nos modelos foram obtidas na admiss&#227;o hospitalar. Um conjunto de potenciais vari&#225;veis preditivas para os desfechos prim&#225;rios foi selecionado <italic>a priori</italic> (material suplementar &#8211; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12001/2022-0151_AO_R1_Supplementary material.pdf">Figura S3</ext-link> ) com base em evid&#234;ncias cient&#237;ficas de vari&#225;veis associadas com um pior progn&#243;stico da COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Exames laboratoriais foram realizados &#224; crit&#233;rio do m&#233;dico assistente. Resultados de exames de imagens n&#227;o foram inclu&#237;dos, uma vez que esses exames nem sempre s&#227;o realizados na admiss&#227;o, e sua interpreta&#231;&#227;o envolve o julgamento do examinador.</p>
        <p>Os modelos para os desfechos prim&#225;rios foram estimados pela regress&#227;o de Poisson, com robusta vari&#226;ncia. No modelo para predizer suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico, os pacientes que estavam em ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva na admiss&#227;o n&#227;o foram inclu&#237;dos (n=72). A regress&#227;o de Poisson foi escolhida devido &#224; sua capacidade de estimar o risco relativo (RR), que &#233; o par&#226;metro de interesse prim&#225;rio, j&#225; que era esperada uma taxa elevada do evento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <p>A modelagem dos modelos de predi&#231;&#227;o dividiu as vari&#225;veis em cinco blocos pela abordagem <italic>stepwise-forward</italic> <sub>,</sub><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> mutualmente inseridas nos modelos de regress&#227;o um a cinco. Como o principal objetivo da an&#225;lise foi identificar a associa&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica com os desfechos do estudo, a vari&#225;vel foi testada nos cinco modelos. O primeiro incluiu somente les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. O segundo adicionou idade e sexo, o terceiro adicionou o n&#250;mero de comorbidades, e o quarto adicionou caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas na admiss&#227;o hospitalar. O quinto modelo multivariado continha somente as vari&#225;veis com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica de 5% ap&#243;s ajuste quanto as outras vari&#225;veis adicionadas aos modelos multivariados anteriores. As vari&#225;veis foram inclu&#237;das da maior para a menor signific&#226;ncia, para testar quais associa&#231;&#245;es entre as vari&#225;veis explicativas e os desfechos continuariam significativos ao longo do processo.</p>
        <p>A signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica das vari&#225;veis que eram parte dos modelos foi avaliada analisando-se o RR e seus respectivos intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95% (IC95%), bem como pelo valor p dos testes, objetivando-se reduzir a probabilidade do erro tipo I. Comparou-se a bondade do ajuste dos modelos usando Crit&#233;rio de Informa&#231;&#227;o de Akaike.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Para os modelos de regress&#227;o, foram estimados o RR e seus respectivos IC 95%. Todas as an&#225;lises foram realizadas usando o programa STATA (StataCorp. 2012. Stata Statistical, vers&#227;o 12) e o programa R (vers&#227;o 4.0.2), usando os pacotes tidyverse, lubridate, stringi, rlang, jsonlite, Rcurl, writexl, openxlsx, readxl, e o pacote <italic>sandwich</italic> . Um valor de p &lt;0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Caracter&#237;sticas basais</title>
        <p>Dos 7760 pacientes, 2925 foram inclu&#237;dos nas an&#225;lises presentes ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 1</xref> ). Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e demogr&#225;ficas s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> . Pacientes com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica apresentaram idade mediana de 10 anos a mais que os controles, um maior n&#250;mero de comorbidades, e uma maior preval&#234;ncia de doen&#231;as subjacentes &#8211; hipertens&#227;o, doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, acidente vascular isqu&#234;mico, fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, diabetes, doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica (DPOC), c&#226;ncer e doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica (DRC). Ainda, houve uma maior propor&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica com estado mental alterado e uma raz&#227;o entre satura&#231;&#227;o perif&#233;rica de oxig&#234;nio (SpO<sub>2</sub>) e a fra&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio inspirado (FiO<sub>2</sub>) (raz&#227;o SF) mais baixa na admiss&#227;o. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos par&#226;metros laboratoriais, os pacientes com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica apresentaram maiores n&#237;veis medianos de prote&#237;na C reativa (PCR), lactado desidrogenase (LDH), N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B(NT-proBNP)/ pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B (BNP) em compara&#231;&#227;o aos controles. Resultados do eletrocardiograma e do ecocardiograma est&#227;o descritos no material suplementar ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12001/2022-0151_AO_R1_Supplementary material.pdf">Tabela S2</ext-link> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Fluxograma dos pacientes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-02-e20220151-20151-gf02.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e demogr&#225;ficas da popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo na admiss&#227;o</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                  <th>Grupo do estudo (n = 832) N (%)</th>
                  <th>Controles (n = 2093) N (%)</th>
                  <th>Total (n = 2925) N (%)</th>
                  <th>Valor p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Homens</td>
                  <td align="center">456 (27,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1213 (72,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1669 (57,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,121</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Idade <italic>(mediana</italic> )</td>
                  <td align="center">67 (57-77)</td>
                  <td align="center">57 (45-67)</td>
                  <td align="center">60 (48-71)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Comorbidades</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>N&#250;mero total ( <italic>mediana</italic> )</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1-2)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0-2)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0-2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Doen&#231;as cardiovasculares</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hipertens&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">533 (64,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,010 (48,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,543 (52,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;a arterial coronariana</td>
                  <td align="center">62 (7,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">82 (3,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">144 (4,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Acidente vascular cerebral isqu&#234;mico</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (5,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (1,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">82 (2,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial / <italic>flutter atrial</italic></td>
                  <td align="center">38 (4,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (1,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">64 (2,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;a de Chagas</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (0,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,321</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;a valvar reum&#225;tica</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (0,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,081</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Doen&#231;as metab&#243;licas</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                  <td align="center">289 (34,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">528 (25,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">817 (27,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Obesidade</td>
                  <td align="center">167 (20,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">425 (20,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">592 (20,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,887</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Doen&#231;as respirat&#243;rias</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Asma</td>
                  <td align="center">149 (5,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">151 (7,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">200 (6,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,200</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>DPOC</td>
                  <td align="center">75 (9,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">95 (4,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">170 (5,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Outras condi&#231;&#245;es</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>C&#226;ncer</td>
                  <td align="center">62 (7,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">78 (3,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">140 (4,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;a reum&#225;tica</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (2,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">32 (1,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (1,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,106</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (3,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (0,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">39 (1,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HIV</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (0,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (0,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (0,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,950</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cirrose</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (0,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (0,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (0,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,016</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 832)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 2,093)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 2,925)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <italic>Glasgow &lt;15</italic>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">170 (20,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">156 (7,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">326 (11,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 810)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 2,057)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 2,867)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <italic>Raz&#227;o SF (mediana)</italic>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">362 (213-438)</td>
                  <td align="center">433 (343-457)</td>
                  <td align="center">424 (329-452)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 787)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 1995)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 2782)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#8805;90 (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">770 (97,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,997 (99,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2,747 (98,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,003</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&lt;90 (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (1,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (0,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (0,9%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Necessidade de inotr&#243;picos</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (1,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (0,4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 796)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 1989)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>(n = 2785)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&gt;60 (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">620 (77,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,737 (87,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2,357 (84,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#8804;60 (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (12,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">210 (10,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">310 (11,1%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Necessidade de inotr&#243;picos</td>
                  <td align="center">76 (9,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (2,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">118 (4,2%)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1">
                <p>
                  <italic>DPOC: doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica; HIV: v&#237;rus da imunodefici&#234;ncia humana; raz&#227;oSF: satura&#231;&#227;o perif&#233;rica de oxig&#234;nio (SpO<sub><italic>2</italic></sub> )/fra&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio inspirado (FiO<sub><italic>2</italic></sub> ).</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Os pacientes com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica apresentaram maior mortalidade hospitalar e maior frequ&#234;ncia de desfechos secund&#225;rios ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> ). Os modelos de regress&#227;o multivariada para mortalidade hospitalar e suporte de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva mostraram que a les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica foi um importante preditor de ambos os desfechos, mesmo ap&#243;s ajuste para outras vari&#225;veis. Observou-se uma diminui&#231;&#227;o no impacto dos n&#237;veis elevados de troponina no modelo multivariado para mortalidade hospitalar ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> ) com a adi&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis ao modelo. No quinto modelo multivariado, os pacientes com n&#237;veis elevados de troponina apresentaram maior risco de morte em compara&#231;&#227;o aos controles (RR: 2,03 [1,60-2,58]). Idade, n&#250;mero de comorbidades, taxa respirat&#243;ria na admiss&#227;o, taxa SF e PCR da admiss&#227;o tamb&#233;m se associaram com um maior risco de morte. A les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica tamb&#233;m se mostrou um preditor independente de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva [RR: 1,87 (1,57-2,23)] ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 4</xref> ). Houve associa&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de comorbidades, da taxa respirat&#243;ria, PCR e do n&#250;mero de neutr&#243;filos com um maior riso de suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico. Por outro lado, raz&#227;o SF elevada e contagem alta de plaquetas valores associaram-se com um menor risco de suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico invasivo. Para informa&#231;&#227;o sobre os modelos, ver material suplementar S4. A ilustra&#231;&#227;o central representa a ilustra&#231;&#227;o central dos principais resultados do artigo.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Desfechos cl&#237;nicos dos pacientes do estudo</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                  <th>Grupo do estudo (n = 832) N (%)</th>
                  <th>Controles (n = 2093) N (%)</th>
                  <th>Total (n = 2925) N (%)</th>
                  <th>Valor p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o (dias) <italic>(mediana)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center">14 (7-25)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4-13)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (5-16)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Admiss&#227;o na UTI</td>
                  <td align="center">584 (70,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">765 (36,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,349 (46,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o na UTI (dias) <italic>(mediana)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center">12 (6-22)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (4-16)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (5-19)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva</td>
                  <td align="center">509 (61,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">467 (22,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">976 (33,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>S&#237;ndrome do desconforto respirat&#243;rio agudo</td>
                  <td align="center">325 (39,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">428 (25,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">753 (25,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Choque s&#233;ptico</td>
                  <td align="center">258 (31,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">201 (9,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">459 (15,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infec&#231;&#227;o nosocomial</td>
                  <td align="center">186 (22,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">189 (9,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">375 (12,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hiperglicemia</td>
                  <td align="center">148 (17,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">215 (10,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">363 (12,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Trombose vascular</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">81 (9,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">125 (6,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">206 (7,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Trombo- embolismo pulmonar</td>
                  <td align="center">57 (6,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">95 (4,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">152 (5,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,011</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Trombose venosa profunda</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (3,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (1,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">56 (1,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,007</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Trombose arterial</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (0,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (0,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (0,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,027</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aguda ou descompensada</td>
                  <td align="center">33 (4,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (1,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">56 (1,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (3,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (0,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Miocardite</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (0,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (0,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sangramento</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (53,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (46,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (1,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Coagula&#231;&#227;o intravascular disseminada</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (0,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (0,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (0,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,042</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Morte</td>
                  <td align="center">376 (45,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">218 (10,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">594 (20,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,000</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2">
                <p>
                  <italic>UTI: unidade de terapia intensiva.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Preditores (na admiss&#227;o hospitalar) de mortalidade hospitalar pelo modelo de regress&#227;o de Poisson com vari&#226;ncia robusta</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                  <th>Modelo multivariado 1 RR (IC95%)</th>
                  <th>Modelo multivariado 2 RR (IC95%)</th>
                  <th>Modelo multivariado 3 RR (IC95%)</th>
                  <th>Modelo multivariado 4 RR (IC95%)</th>
                  <th>Modelo multivariado 5 RR (IC95%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica</td>
                  <td align="center">4,2482 (3,2820-5,4982)*</td>
                  <td align="center">3,1956 (2,4335- 4,1962)*</td>
                  <td align="center">3,1077 (2,4364- 3,9640)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1,9057 (1,4843-2,4468)*</td>
                  <td align="center">2,0323 (1,5995-2,5822)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Idade</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0285 (1,0191-1,0379)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0273 (1,0190- 1,0357)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0262 (1,0176-1,0349)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0269 (1,0192-1,0348)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sexo feminino</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,8122 (0,6289-1,0489)***</td>
                  <td align="center">0,7924 (0,6461-0,9718)**</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9553 (0,7736-1,2621)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>N&#250;mero de comorbidades ****</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,1550 (1,0317- 1,2930)**</td>
                  <td align="center">1,1089 (1,0187-1,2070)*</td>
                  <td align="center">8,1862 (7,5153-8,9168)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Taxa respirat&#243;ria</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0213 (1,0018-1,0429)**</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0223 (1,0086-1,0362)**</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0039 (0,9994-1,0083)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &lt;90 mmHg sem inotr&#243;pico</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,2508 (0,1062-0,5920)**</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &lt;90 mmHg com inotr&#243;pico</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,3022 (0,7688-2,2056)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Glasgow &lt;15</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0723 (0,7372-1,5599)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Raz&#227;o SF</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9971 (0,9959-0,9983)*</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9969 (0,9963-0,9977)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9714 (0,5843-1,6148)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Prote&#237;na C reativa</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0010 (1,0006-1,0027)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0020 (1,0009-1,0026)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hemoglobina</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0150 (0,9644-1,0682)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Neutr&#243;filos</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0000 (1,0000-1,0000)*</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Contagem de plaquetas</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9994 (0,9993-0,9996)*</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9994 (0,9993-0,9999)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ureia</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0046 (1,0001-1,0103)**</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Lactato</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9775 (0,9421-1,0143)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>S&#243;dio</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9948 (0,9763-1,0136)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Bicarbonato</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9716 (0,9443-0,9996)*</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>pH</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9987 (0,9982-0,9993)*</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>pCO<sub>2</sub></td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0034 (0,9939-1,0129)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>D-d&#237;mero</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9999 (0,9998-1,0001)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3">
                <p>IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; RR: risco relativo; raz&#227;o SF: raz&#227;o entre satura&#231;&#227;o perif&#233;rica de oxig&#234;nio (SpO<sub>2</sub>)/fra&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio inspirado (FiO<sub>2</sub>); *p&lt;0,0001; **p&lt;0,05; ***p&gt;0,05; ****Hipertens&#227;o, diabetes mellitus, obesidade, doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, fibrila&#231;&#227;o ou flutter atrial, cirrose, c&#226;ncer e acidente vascular cerebral pr&#233;vio.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Tabela 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Preditores (na admiss&#227;o hospitalar) de mortalidade hospitalar pelo modelo de regress&#227;o de Poisson com vari&#226;ncia robusta</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                  <th>Modelo multivariado 1 RR (IC95%)</th>
                  <th>Modelo multivariado 2 RR (IC95%)</th>
                  <th>Modelo multivariado 3 RR (IC95%)</th>
                  <th>Modelo multivariado 4 RR (IC95%)</th>
                  <th>Modelo multivariado 5 RR (IC95%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica</td>
                  <td align="center">2,8607 (2,4221-3,3787)*</td>
                  <td align="center">2,6906 (2,1353- 3,3901)*</td>
                  <td align="center">2,5901 (2,1627-3,1021)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1,9018 (1,5842-2,2830)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1,8675 (1,5662-2,2268)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Idade</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0057 (0,9983-1,0131)***</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0034 (0,9976-1,0093)***</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0068 (1,0002-1,0133)*</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sexo feminino</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,8889 (0,7492-1,0546)***</td>
                  <td align="center">0,8697 (0,7492-1,0546)***</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9398 (0,7852-1,1249)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Comorbidades ****</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,1781 (1,0936-1,2691)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1,1313 (1,0494-1,2196)**</td>
                  <td align="center">1,1295 (1,0488-1,2164)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Taxa respirat&#243;ria</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0369 (1,0254-1,0485)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0332 (1,0222-1,0443)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0002 (0,9954-1,0051)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &lt; 90 mmHg sem inotr&#243;picos</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,4001 (0,1252-1,2781)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Glasgow &lt;15</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,8320 (0,6109-1,1332)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Raz&#227;o SF</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9980 (0,9960-0,9990)*</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9980 (0,9970-0,9990)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Prote&#237;na C-reativa</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0027 (1,0019-1,0034)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0030 (1,0020-1,0040)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hemoglobina</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0111 (0,9641-1,0605)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Neutr&#243;filos</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0005 (1,0003-1,0006)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0004 (1,0002-1,0005)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Contagem de plaquetas</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9980 (0,9970-0,9990)*</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9995 (0,9994-0,9997)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ureia</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9954 (0,9912-0,9997)**</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Lactato</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9740 (0,9045-1,0487)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>S&#243;dio</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9869 (0,9688-1,0054)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Bicarbonato</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0439 (0,9752-1,1174)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>pH</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0965 (0,0039-2,3727)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>pCO<sub>2</sub></td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9743 (0,9413-1,0084)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>D-d&#237;mero</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                  <td align="center">0,9999 (0,9998-1,0000)***</td>
                  <td align="center">---</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN4">
                <p>
                  <italic>IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; RR: risco relativo; raz&#227;o SF: raz&#227;o entre satura&#231;&#227;o perif&#233;rica de oxig&#234;nio (SpO<sub><italic>2</italic></sub> )/fra&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio inspirado; *p&lt;0,0001; **p&lt;0,05; ***p&gt;0,05; ****Hipertens&#227;o, diabetes mellitus, obesidade, doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, fibrila&#231;&#227;o ou flutter atrial, cirrose, c&#226;ncer e acidente vascular cerebral pr&#233;vio.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Neste estudo coorte multic&#234;ntrico, incluindo uma grande amostra de 31 hospitais brasileiros, os pacientes com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica eram 10 anos (mediana) mais velhos que os indiv&#237;duos controles, apresentaram uma maior preval&#234;ncia de comorbidades, piores par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos na admiss&#227;o hospitalar, e n&#237;veis mais altos de PCR, LDH e NT-proBNP/BNP em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224;queles sem les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. A les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica foi um preditor independente de mortalidade hospitalar [RR: 2,03 (1,60-2,58)] e suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico invasivo [RR: 1,87 (1,57-2,23)]. Um maior n&#250;mero de comorbidades, maior taxa respirat&#243;ria, e maiores n&#237;veis de PCR foram associados com um maior risco de mortalidade hospitalar e suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico invasivo. Ainda, idade e uma raz&#227;o SF mais baixa mostraram associa&#231;&#227;o independente com mortalidade hospitalar, enquanto o n&#250;mero de neutr&#243;filos associou-se com um risco aumentado de suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico. Os pacientes com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica mostraram uma maior frequ&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares, sangramentos, eventos tromboemb&#243;licos, choque s&#233;ptico, coagula&#231;&#227;o intravascular disseminada, infec&#231;&#227;o nosocomial, admiss&#227;o &#224; UTI, tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar e na UTI, e necessidade de terapia renal substitutiva.</p>
      <p>Os achados do presente estudo est&#227;o de acordo com os resultados de estudos de outros pa&#237;ses, descrevendo caracter&#237;sticas muito similares de pacientes com COVID-19 que desenvolveram les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, incluindo idade avan&#231;ada e uma alta preval&#234;ncia de condi&#231;&#245;es m&#233;dicas subjacentes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> N&#227;o houve evid&#234;ncia de diferen&#231;as de sexos na preval&#234;ncia das vari&#225;veis analisadas nos pacientes com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, o que contrasta com dados publicados anteriormente na literatura. Na revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica realizada por Toraih et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> incluindo 17794 pacientes com les&#227;o card&#237;aca avaliada por medida de troponina, os autores encontraram propor&#231;&#227;o significativamente maior de homens com doen&#231;a cr&#237;tica, definida como s&#237;ndrome do desconforto respirat&#243;rio agudo, ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva, e admiss&#227;o na UTI. Na presente an&#225;lise, mulheres mais velhas com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica mostraram um risco significativamente maior de morte e maior necessidade (n&#227;o estatisticamente significativa) de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva.</p>
      <p>De fato, os n&#237;veis de troponina e de outros biomarcadores s&#227;o geralmente anormais em pacientes internados com COVID-19. H&#225; diferentes mecanismos para o desenvolvimento de les&#227;o card&#237;aca em pacientes com COVID-19, tais como esfor&#231;o card&#237;aco aumentado na insufici&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria aguda,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> e intera&#231;&#227;o do SARS-CoV-2 com receptores da enzima conversora de angiotensina 2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> Embora os mecanismos espec&#237;ficos da les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica sejam incertos, os mecanismos propostos incluem resposta inflamat&#243;ria e dist&#250;rbios do sistema imune durante a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Resultados dos testes usados para avaliar fun&#231;&#227;o e les&#227;o card&#237;aca mostraram valores significativamente maior nos pacientes com COVID-19 que morreram que nos pacientes que receberam alta com vida. Nossos resultados corroboram esses achados, uma vez que BNP, creatina fosfoquinase, LDH, NT-proBNP, e PCR, um biomarcador da resposta inflamat&#243;ria, eram mais altos nos pacientes com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Um estudo recente que incluiu 187 pacientes com COVID-19 hospitalizados no Rio de Janeiro tamb&#233;m mostrou que a troponina foi um preditor independente de eventos adversos. J&#225; o BNP n&#227;o foi um preditor independente de mortalidade ou necessidade de suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> Esse achado pode ser limitado pelo pequeno tamanho amostral e alto n&#250;mero de valores faltantes.</p>
      <p>Uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e meta-an&#225;lise de Alzahrani e Al-Rabia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> de estudos chineses do tipo coorte, mostrou que 45,2% dos pacientes com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica induzida por COVID-19 morreram.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> No presente estudo, a taxa de mortalidade foi 4,25 vezes maior nos pacientes com les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica em compara&#231;&#227;o aos controles, al&#233;m de um tempo mediano mais longo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar, e maior ocorr&#234;ncia de admiss&#227;o na UTI e dos outros desfechos secund&#225;rios mencionados anteriormente. Assim, os pacientes com COVID-19 e les&#227;o card&#237;aca eram mais suscept&#237;veis a complica&#231;&#245;es da doen&#231;a e apresentaram piores diagn&#243;sticos. Esses achados s&#227;o consistentes com os resultados descritos em estudos conduzidos em outros pa&#237;ses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Atualmente, v&#225;rios estudos propuseram vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas, achados laboratoriais e de radiografia do t&#243;rax para a predi&#231;&#227;o do risco de progress&#227;o da COVID-19 grave e mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> Em uma an&#225;lise pr&#233;via, nosso grupo de pesquisa desenvolveu e validou um escore de predi&#231;&#227;o de risco para mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes com COVID-19 (dispon&#237;vel em https://abc2sph.com/pt/), que inclui idade mais avan&#231;ada, nitrog&#234;nio ureico no sangue, n&#250;mero de comorbidades, PCR, raz&#227;o SF perif&#233;rica, contagem de plaquetas, e frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca como preditores. No entanto, a troponina n&#227;o foi inclu&#237;da em nossas an&#225;lises.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> No presente estudo, a les&#227;o card&#237;aca foi um fator de risco independente para mortalidade e suporte de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva, al&#233;m das vari&#225;veis testadas anteriormente, que foi o principal achado das an&#225;lises presentes. Esses resultados exercem um importante papel no cuidado do paciente, uma vez que podem auxiliar os profissionais da sa&#250;de a identificarem pacientes que possam ter um pior progn&#243;stico, direcionando interven&#231;&#245;es para o manejo das condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e melhorias no cuidado da sa&#250;de. Uma pr&#243;xima etapa seria avaliar a inclus&#227;o da troponina ao escore de risco ABC<sub>2</sub>-SPH, um importante t&#243;pico para estudos futuros sobre ABC<sub>2</sub>-SPH. Esperamos que esta coorte tamb&#233;m possa ser &#250;til para estudos futuros no desenvolvimento de um escore preditivo para les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica.</p>
      <p>Este estudo possui limita&#231;&#245;es. Primeiramente, n&#227;o podemos assegurar representatividade nacional dos hospitais. Uma vez que este estudo se trata de uma an&#225;lise multic&#234;ntrica da COVID-19, os testes de troponina poderiam apresentar inconsist&#234;ncias, uma vez que m&#250;ltiplos kits laboratoriais comerciais foram usados de modo interinstitucional e intrainstitucional, e diferentes valores de refer&#234;ncia foram padronizados em cada estudo, levando ao vi&#233;s de medida. Outra limita&#231;&#227;o foram as an&#225;lises agrupadas que n&#227;o permitiram o reconhecimento da contribui&#231;&#227;o de cada centro aos desfechos de morte e suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico, bem como fatores institucionais relacionados &#224; mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref></sup> &#201; importante mencionar que o per&#237;odo da pandemia quando os dados foram coletados envolveu uma popula&#231;&#227;o que n&#227;o havia sido vacinada,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref></sup> e parte dos pacientes do grupo de estudo podem n&#227;o ter desenvolvido les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, e sim infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio. Devido ao risco potencial de transmiss&#227;o da COVID-19, existe a possibilidade de que nenhuma t&#233;cnica diferencial diagn&#243;stica seja realizada em alguns casos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> Ainda, uma vez que o presente estudo foi um estudo observacional, outras vari&#225;veis potencialmente n&#227;o mensur&#225;veis e de confus&#227;o ou n&#227;o reconhecidas podem n&#227;o ter sido coletadas ou analisadas.</p>
      <p>Quanto aos pontos fortes do estudo, um crit&#233;rio metodol&#243;gico rigoroso foi usado neste estudo, o qual se baseou em uma amostra robusta de paciente, com diagn&#243;stico confirmado de COVID-19. A amostra foi obtida com a colabora&#231;&#227;o de pesquisadores de 31 hospitais p&#250;blicos, privados ou mistos, de diferentes tamanhos e n&#237;veis de complexidade, de diferentes regi&#245;es para garantir a diversidade da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada. Contudo, esses hospitais n&#227;o s&#227;o representativos de todo o sistema de sa&#250;de do pa&#237;s.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>A les&#227;o card&#237;aca, medida pelos n&#237;veis de troponina elevados, foi um preditor independente de mortalidade e suporte ventilat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico em pacientes internados com COVID-19, assim como as vari&#225;veis de um escore de predi&#231;&#227;o de risco recentemente validado. Estrat&#233;gias futuras envolvimento um monitoramento frequente dos n&#237;veis de troponina como biomarcadores de risco em pacientes com COVID-19 durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o devem ser testadas para investigar seu papel na redu&#231;&#227;o de risco de complica&#231;&#245;es e morte, e na melhoria do cuidado do paciente.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>Gostar&#237;amos de agradecer os hospitais que participaram nesta colabora&#231;&#227;o, principalmente os hospitais que participaram da an&#225;lise: Hospitais da Rede Mater Dei, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da UFMG, Hospital Santo Ant&#244;nio, Hospital M&#225;rcio Cunha, Hospital Metropolitano Doutor C&#233;lio de Castro, Hospital Metropolitano Odilon Behrens, Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves, Hospital Santa Ros&#225;lia, Hospital S&#227;o Jo&#227;o de Deus, Hospital Semper, Hospital UNIMED, Hospital M&#227;e de Deus, Hospital Universit&#225;rio Canoas, Hospital Universit&#225;rio de Santa Maria, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Instituto M&#225;rio Penna/Hospital Luxemburgo, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Concei&#231;&#227;o, Hospital Regional Ant&#244;nio Dias, Hospital M&#227;e de Deus, Hospital Regional do Oeste, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital Universit&#225;rio Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas, Hospital Bruno Born, Hospital SOS C&#225;rdio, Hospital S&#227;o Lucas da PUCRS. Gostar&#237;amos tamb&#233;m de agradecer a equipe cl&#237;nica dos hospitais e todos os estudantes de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o que ajudaram com a coleta de dados.</p>
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        <mixed-citation>34. Souza-Silva MVR, Ziegelmann PK, Nobre V, Gomes VMR, Etges APBDS, Schwarzbold AV, et al. Hospital Characteristics Associated with COVID-19 Mortality: Data From the Multicenter Cohort Brazilian Registry. Intern Emerg Med. 2022;17(8):2299-2313. doi: 10.1007/s11739-022-03092-9.</mixed-citation>
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            </name>
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              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
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            </name>
            <name>
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              <given-names>APBDS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schwarzbold</surname>
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            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
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            </name>
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              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pinto</surname>
              <given-names>FJ</given-names>
            </name>
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      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de Doutorado de Hannah Cardoso Barbosa pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pela Comiss&#227;o Nacional de &#201;tica em Pesquisa sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo (CAAE 30350820.5.1001.0008)</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn7">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo foi parcialmente financiado pela Ag&#234;ncia Mineira de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG) [n&#250;mero APQ-00208-20], Instituto Nacional de Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Tecnologias em Sa&#250;de -IATS/ Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico &#8211; CNP [n&#250;mero 465518/2014&#8211;1].</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <app-group>
      <app id="app1">
        <title>* Material suplementar</title>
        <p>Para informa&#231;&#227;o adicional, por favor,<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12001/2022-0151_AO_R1_Supplementary material.pdf">clique aqui</ext-link>.</p>
      </app>
    </app-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Myocardial Injury and Prognosis in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Brazil: Results From The Brazilian COVID-19 Registry</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8635-3509</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Hannah Cardoso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>statistical analysis</role>
          <role>obtaining financing</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5211-411X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>statistical analysis</role>
          <role>obtaining financing</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1021-1787</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jesus</surname>
            <given-names>Jordana Cristina de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>statistical analysis</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1722-5703</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Meira</surname>
            <given-names>Karina Cardoso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>statistical analysis</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8260-9212</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Passaglia</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Guilherme</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7689-0378</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sacioto</surname>
            <given-names>Manuela Furtado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5278-3727</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bezerra</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Falangola Benjamin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5535-6288</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Schwarzbold</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Vargas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5001">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9355-9596</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Maur&#237;lio</surname>
            <given-names>Amanda de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6001">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6172-1093</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Farace</surname>
            <given-names>Barbara Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7001">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1726-4494</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Carla Thais C&#226;ndida Alves da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8001">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1973-1343</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cimini</surname>
            <given-names>Christiane Corr&#234;a Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9001">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10001">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7381-1651</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel Vitorio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11001">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7856-4154</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carazai</surname>
            <given-names>Daniela do Reis</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12001">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6178-6938</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ponce</surname>
            <given-names>Daniela</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13001">
            <sup>13</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Emanuel Victor Alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14001">
            <sup>14</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1592-4727</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Manenti</surname>
            <given-names>Euler Roberto Fernandes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15001">
            <sup>15</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8548-9279</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cenci</surname>
            <given-names>Evelin Paola de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16001">
            <sup>16</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9696-4685</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bartolazzi</surname>
            <given-names>Frederico</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8001">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9375-5319</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Madeira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#237;cia Cristina de Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9064-7067</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Fagundes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11001">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5741-7777</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Velloso</surname>
            <given-names>Isabela Vasconcellos Pires</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17001">
            <sup>17</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3703-2845</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Batista</surname>
            <given-names>Joanna d&#8217;Arc Lyra</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18001">
            <sup>18</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19001">
            <sup>19</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9538-6828</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Morais</surname>
            <given-names>J&#250;lia Drumond Parreiras de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20001">
            <sup>20</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2052-2784</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana da Silva Nogueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6362-1889</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ruschel</surname>
            <given-names>Karen Brasil</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15001">
            <sup>15</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21001">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8313-7429</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Karina Paula Medeiros Prado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21001">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6697-6426</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zandon&#225;</surname>
            <given-names>Liege Barella</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22001">
            <sup>22</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6621-3338</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Menezes</surname>
            <given-names>Luanna Silva Monteiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23001">
            <sup>23</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24001">
            <sup>24</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6606-7756</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Kopittke</surname>
            <given-names>Luciane</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12001">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2379-0167</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s C&#233;sar de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22001">
            <sup>22</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7069-5827</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nasi</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Ant&#244;nio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25001">
            <sup>25</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2981-9445</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Floriani</surname>
            <given-names>Maiara Anschau</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25001">
            <sup>25</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3546-4000</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Ma&#237;ra Dias</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24001">
            <sup>24</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3603-1987</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carneiro</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26001">
            <sup>26</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6298-9377</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bicalho</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Aparecida Camargos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27001">
            <sup>27</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0461-2787</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Clara Pontello Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28001">
            <sup>28</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6631-8826</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Godoy</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Frizzo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29001">
            <sup>29</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2127-8015</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Guimar&#227;es-J&#250;nior</surname>
            <given-names>Milton Henriques</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30001">
            <sup>30</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4194-0026</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mendes</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Mascarenhas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17001">
            <sup>17</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2406-6576</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Delfino-Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Polianna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21001">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>obtaining financing</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel Jaqueline Eder</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29001">
            <sup>29</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5569-7787</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Finger</surname>
            <given-names>Renan Goulart</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19001">
            <sup>19</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1548-1607</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Menezes</surname>
            <given-names>Rochele Mosmann</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26001">
            <sup>26</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9655-6294</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Francisco</surname>
            <given-names>Saionara Cristina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31001">
            <sup>31</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4782-5440</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Silvia Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32001">
            <sup>32</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4614-3109</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Talita Fischer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24001">
            <sup>24</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1248-2305</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Thainara Concei&#231;&#227;o de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16001">
            <sup>16</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2447-2577</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Polanczyk</surname>
            <given-names>Carisi Anne</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21001">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4278-3771</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marcolino</surname>
            <given-names>Milena Soriano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21001">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>statistical analysis</role>
          <role>obtaining financing</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <role>project coordination</role>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio de Santa Maria,Santa Maria, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6001">
        <label>6</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Jo&#227;o de Deus,Divin&#243;polis, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7001">
        <label>7</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8001">
        <label>8</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santo Ant&#244;nio,Curvelo, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9001">
        <label>9</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Ros&#225;lia,Te&#243;filo Otoni, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10001">
        <label>10</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Te&#243;filo Otoni, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff11001">
        <label>11</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital UNIMED BH,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff12001">
        <label>12</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Nossa Senhora da Concei&#231;&#227;o, Cristo Redentor, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff13001">
        <label>13</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff14001">
        <label>14</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Belo Horizonte (UniBH),Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff15001">
        <label>15</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital M&#227;e de Deus,Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff16001">
        <label>16</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Canoas,Canoas, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff17001">
        <label>17</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospitais da Rede Mater Dei,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff18001">
        <label>18</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapec&#243;, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff19001">
        <label>19</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Regional do Oeste, Chapec&#243;, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff20001">
        <label>20</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff21001">
        <label>21</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Tecnologia em Sa&#250;de (IATS/ CNPq),Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff22001">
        <label>22</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Bruno Born, Lajeado, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff23001">
        <label>23</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Luxemburgo, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff24001">
        <label>24</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff25001">
        <label>25</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff26001">
        <label>26</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Cruz,Santa Cruz do Sul, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff27001">
        <label>27</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Regional Ant&#244;nio Dias,Patos de Minas, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff28001">
        <label>28</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff29001">
        <label>29</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas (PUCRS),Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff30001">
        <label>30</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital M&#225;rcio Cunha, Ipatinga, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff31001">
        <label>31</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Metropolitano Doutor C&#233;lio de Castro,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff32001">
        <label>32</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Semper,Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Hannah Cardoso Barbosa &#8226; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais &#8211; Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 110. Postal Code 30130-100. Santa Efig&#234;nia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil E-mail: hannahcbarbosa@gmail.com</corresp>
        <fn id="fn1001">
          <p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 are important aspects of the disease&#8217;s pathogenesis and prognosis. Evidence on the prognostic role of troponin and myocardial injury in Latin American hospitalized COVID-19 patients is still scarce.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives</title>
          <p>To evaluate myocardial injury as independent predictor of in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation support in hospitalized patients, from the Brazilian COVID-19 Registry.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>This cohort study is a substudy of the Brazilian COVID-19 Registry, conducted in 31 Brazilian hospitals of 17 cities, March-September 2020. Primary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation support. Models for the primary outcomes were estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance, with statistical significance of p&lt;0.05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>Of 2,925 patients (median age of 60 years [48-71], 57.1% men), 27.3% presented myocardial injury. The proportion of patients with comorbidities was higher among patients with cardiac injury (median 2 [1-2] vs. 1 [0-2]). Patients with myocardial injury had higher median levels of brain natriuretic peptide, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and C-reactive protein than patients without myocardial injury. As independent predictors, C-reactive protein and platelet counts were related to the risk of death, and neutrophils and platelet counts were related to the risk of invasive mechanical ventilation support. Patients with high troponin levels presented a higher risk of death (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.60-2.58) and invasive mechanical ventilation support (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.57-2.23), when compared to those with normal troponin levels.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>Cardiac injury was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation support in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronavirus Infections</kwd>
        <kwd>Troponin</kwd>
        <kwd>Artificial Respiration</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Cardiovascular complications of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> represent an important aspect of the disease&#8217;s pathogenesis and prognosis. Myocardial injury is common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and has been reported in 7.2% to 36% of all patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> This disease has proven to be associated with a poorer prognosis;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> however, evidence concerning its prognostic role in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Latin America is still scarce.</p>
        <p>In Brazil, many people are still affected by Chagas heart disease and rheumatic valvulopathy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Furthermore, numerous polymorphisms, heterogeneity, and miscegenation exist among the population, which may influence rates of myocardial injury and levels of biomarkers in COVID-19 patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> In a previous analysis performed by our research group, we developed and validated a score with high discriminatory ability to predict mortality among Brazilian patients using data that are easily available on hospital admission, the ABC<sub>2</sub>-SPH score.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The present study aimed to evaluate myocardial injury as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation support in COVID-19 hospitalized patients, from the Brazilian COVID-19 Registry.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="materials|methods">
        <title>Materials and methods</title>
        <p>This multicenter retrospective cohort study is a substudy of the Brazilian COVID-19 Registry, conducted in 31 Brazilian hospitals in 17 cities from five states (Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and S&#227;o Paulo), detailed in a previous report.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> The study was approved by the Brazilian National Ethics Committee in Research (CAAE: 30350820.5.1001.0008). Individual informed consent was waived due to the severity of the situation imposed by the pandemic and to the retrospective nature of the study.</p>
        <p>This study included consecutive adult patients (aged &#8805;18 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> who were admitted to the participating hospitals between March and September 2020 and who had at least one troponin value. Patients with an underlying diagnosis of chronic heart failure (HF) in the medical records, with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of lower than 30 mL/min/1.73m<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> (estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI], set forth by Levey et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> ), those who were discharged in less than 24 hours, and those diagnosed with COVID during hospitalization were excluded from the study. Sample size calculation was not performed, all eligible patients were included.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Data collection</title>
          <p>Demographic and clinical characteristics, exams (laboratory, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram), treatments, and outcome data were collected by trained healthcare professionals and interns in each health center, using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tool (version 7.3.1),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> at the Telehealth Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais General Hospital. Comprehensive checks were undertaken to ensure a high-quality data collection. A code was developed in R software to identify non-conforming and inconsistency values, as previously described, based on expert-guided rules, and each study center was contacted to check and correct data, if needed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Myocardial injury, troponin assay and study groups</title>
          <p>Myocardial injury was defined as an elevation of cardiac troponin (cTnI or cTnT) above the upper reference limit (URL) of the 99<sup>th</sup>percentile, according to the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Troponin was measured at the discretion of the treating physician. Troponin values at hospital admission, as well as minimum and maximum values after 24 hours of hospitalization were collected. Any abnormal value among these measures was considered for analysis in the present study. The reference group was composed of patients with troponin values within the normal range.</p>
          <p>Troponin assay varied among different centers. Due to the shortage of crucial chemicals at the beginning of the pandemic, some centers used more than one assay during the study period. Therefore, the analysis considered the URL of the 99<sup>th</sup>percentile for each test for men and women, as reported in the Supplemental Material ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12001/2022-0151_AO_R1_Supplementary material.pdf">Table S1</ext-link> ).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Outcomes</title>
          <p>The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation support. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular complications (acute HF, acute myocardial infarction, and myocarditis), bleeding, thromboembolic events, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, nosocomial infection, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, and need for renal replacement therapy.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Statistical analyses were performed in three main steps: (i) descriptive, (ii) bivariate (evaluation of the association of the outcome with each variable of interest), and (iii) multivariate analyses.</p>
          <p>Descriptive analyses were run to describe all variables, stratified into control and study groups (patients with myocardial injury). Categorical variables were described as absolute and relative frequencies. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed to determine whether the continuous variables were normally distributed. As all variables were found to have a non-normal distribution, they were described as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR). The number of comorbidities was defined based on eight comorbidities that had been proved to have a prognostic impact on COVID-19 (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, coronary artery disease, atrial or flutter fibrillation, cirrhosis, cancer, and previous stroke).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
          <p>In the bivariate analysis, demographic and clinical variables, and outcomes were assessed using the Fisher&#8217;s exact test or the chi-square test to compare proportions, as appropriate. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare medians of continuous variables, while the Dunn&#180;s test was used as a post-hoc test. For the multivariate analyses, two predictive models were estimated to evaluate the role of elevated troponin on the primary outcomes: in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation support. All variables included in the models were obtained at hospital admission. A set of potential predictive variables for the primary outcomes was selected <italic>a priori</italic> (supplemental material - <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12001/2022-0151_AO_R1_Supplementary material.pdf">Figure S3</ext-link> ) based on previous scientific evidence of variables associated with a worse prognosis of COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Laboratory tests were performed at the discretion of the attending physician. Imaging test results were not included, since they are not always performed on hospital admission, and their interpretation involves the examiner&#8217;s judgment.</p>
          <p>Models for the primary outcomes were estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance. In the model to predict invasive mechanical ventilation support, patients who were on invasive mechanical ventilation at admission were not included (n=72). Poisson regression was chosen due to the ability to estimate the relative risk (RR), which is the parameter of primary interest, since an elevated event rate was expected.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
          <p>The shaping of the prediction models divided the variables into five blocks by a stepwise-forward approach,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> mutually inserted in the regression models one to five. As the main goal of the analysis was to identify the association of myocardial injury with the study outcomes, this variable was tested in all five models. The first one included only myocardial injury. The second added age and sex, the third added the number of comorbidities, and the fourth added clinical characteristics on hospital admission. The fifth multivariate model contained only the variables with a 5% significance level after adjusting for the other variables added to the previous multivariate models. The variables were included from the largest to the least significance, to test which associations between the explicative variables and the outcomes would remain significant throughout the process.</p>
          <p>The statistical significance of the variables that were part of the models was evaluated by analyzing the RR and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), as well as by the p-value of the tests, aimed at reducing the probability of type I error. A comparison of the models&#8217; goodness-of-fit tests was performed using the Akaike Information Criterion.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
          <p>For the regression models, the RR and their respective 95% CI were estimated. All analyses were performed in the STATA software (StataCorp. 2012. Stata Statistical, version 12) and R software (version 4.0.2), using the tidyverse, lubridate, stringi, rlang, jsonlite, Rcurl, writexl, openxlsx, readxl, and sandwich packages. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Baseline characteristics</title>
          <p>Of 7,760 patients, 2,925 were included in the present analyses ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 1</xref> ). Demographic and clinical characteristics are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> . Patients with myocardial injury had a median age of 10 years older than the controls, a higher number of comorbidities, and a higher prevalence of underlying hypertension, coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Additionally, there was a higher proportion of individuals with myocardial injury with abnormal mental state and lower peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO<sub>2</sub>) ratio (SF ratio) at hospital admission. Regarding laboratory parameters, patients with myocardial injury had higher median levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)/brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), when compared to the controls. Electrocardiogram and echocardiogram results are reported in the supplemental material ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12001/2022-0151_AO_R1_Supplementary material.pdf">Table S2</ext-link> ).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f02001">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Flowchart of patients included in the study.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-02-e20220151-20151-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t1001">
              <label>Table 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population upon hospital admission</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variables</th>
                    <th>Study group (n = 832) N (%)</th>
                    <th>Controls (n = 2,093) N (%)</th>
                    <th>Total (n = 2,925) N (%)</th>
                    <th>p-value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Men</td>
                    <td align="center">456 (27.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1213 (72.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1669 (57.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.121</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Age ( <italic>median</italic> )</td>
                    <td align="center">67 (57-77)</td>
                    <td align="center">57 (45-67)</td>
                    <td align="center">60 (48-71)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Comorbidities</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Overall number ( <italic>median</italic> )</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1-2)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (0-2)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (0-2)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Cardiovascular diseases</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hypertension</td>
                    <td align="center">533 (64.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.010 (48.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.543 (52.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Coronary artery disease</td>
                    <td align="center">62 (7.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">82 (3.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">144 (4.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ischemic stroke</td>
                    <td align="center">42 (5.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">40 (1.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">82 (2.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <italic>Atrial fibrillation/flutter</italic>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">38 (4.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">26 (1.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">64 (2.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Chagas disease</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (0.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.321</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Rheumatic valve disease</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (0.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0 (0.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.081</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Metabolic diseases</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                    <td align="center">289 (34.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">528 (25.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">817 (27.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Obesity</td>
                    <td align="center">167 (20.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">425 (20.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">592 (20.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.887</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Respiratory diseases</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Asthma</td>
                    <td align="center">149 (5.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">151 (7.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">200 (6.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.200</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>COPD</td>
                    <td align="center">75 (9.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">95 (4.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">170 (5.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Other conditions</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cancer</td>
                    <td align="center">62 (7.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">78 (3.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">140 (4.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Rheumatic disease</td>
                    <td align="center">20 (2.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">32 (1.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">52 (1.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.106</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Chronic renal disease</td>
                    <td align="center">25 (3.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">14 (0.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">39 (1.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>HIV</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (0.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (0.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (0.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.950</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cirrhosis</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (0.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (0.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (0.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.016</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Clinical characteristics</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 832)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 2.093)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 2.925)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <italic>Glasgow &lt;15</italic>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">170 (20.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">156 (7.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">326 (11.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 810)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 2.057)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 2.867)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <italic>SF ratio (median)</italic>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">362 (213-438)</td>
                    <td align="center">433 (343-457)</td>
                    <td align="center">424 (329-452)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Systolic blood pressure</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 787)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 1995)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 2782)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>&#8805;90 (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">770 (97.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.997 (99.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">2.747 (98.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.003</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>&lt;90 (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (1.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (0.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">24 (0.9%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Inotrope requirement</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (1.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (0.4%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Diastolic blood pressure</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 796)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 1989)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>(n = 2785)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>&gt; 60 (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">620 (77.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.737 (87.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">2.357 (84.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>&#8804; 60 (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">100 (12.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">210 (10.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">310 (11.1%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Inotrope requirement</td>
                    <td align="center">76 (9.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">42 (2.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">118 (4.2%)</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN1001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; SF ratio: peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<sub><italic>2</italic></sub> )/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO<sub><italic>2</italic></sub> ) ratio.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>Patients with myocardial injury had higher in-hospital mortality and a higher frequency of all secondary outcomes ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> ). Multivariate regression models for in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation support have shown that myocardial injury was a significant predictor for both outcomes, even when adjusting for the other variables. A decrease was found in the impact of elevated troponin levels on the multivariate model for in-hospital mortality ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> ), with the addition of the variables to the model. In the fifth multivariate model, patients with elevated troponin levels presented a higher risk of death when compared to the controls (RR: 2.03 [1.60-2.58]). Age, number of comorbidities, respiratory rate, SF ratio, and CRP on admission were also associated with a higher risk of death. Myocardial injury also proved to be an independent predictor of invasive mechanical ventilation support (RR: 1.87 [1.57-2.23]) ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4001">Table 4</xref> ). The number of comorbidities, respiratory rate, CRP, and number of neutrophils were associated with an increased risk of invasive mechanical ventilation support. By contrast, high SF ratio and platelet count were associated with a reduced risk of invasive mechanical ventilation support. For information on models, see supplemental material S4. The <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">central illustration</xref> of the main results of the article.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t2001">
              <label>Table 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Clinical outcomes of study patients</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variables</th>
                    <th>Study group (n = 832) N (%)</th>
                    <th>Controls (n = 2,093) N (%)</th>
                    <th>Total (n = 2,925) N (%)</th>
                    <th>p-value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Clinical assessment</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hospital length of stay ( <italic>median</italic> )</td>
                    <td align="center">14 (7-25)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4-13)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (5-16)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Admission to the ICU</td>
                    <td align="center">584 (70.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">765 (36.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.349 (46.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Length of stay in the ICU (days) ( <italic>median</italic> )</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (6-22)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (4-16)</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (5-19)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Invasive mechanical ventilation</td>
                    <td align="center">509 (61.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">467 (22.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">976 (33.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Acute respiratory distress syndrome</td>
                    <td align="center">325 (39.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">428 (25.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">753 (25.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Septic shock</td>
                    <td align="center">258 (31.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">201 (9.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">459 (15.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Nosocomial infection</td>
                    <td align="center">186 (22.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">189 (9.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">375 (12.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hyperglycemia</td>
                    <td align="center">148 (17.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">215 (10.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">363 (12.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Vascular thrombosis</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">81 (9.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">125 (6.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">206 (7.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Pulmonary thromboembolism</td>
                    <td align="center">57 (6.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">95 (4.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">152 (5.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.011</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Deep vein thrombosis</td>
                    <td align="center">25 (3.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">31 (1.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">56 (1.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.007</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Arterial thrombosis</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (0.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (0.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (0.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.027</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Acute or decompensated heart failure</td>
                    <td align="center">33 (4.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">23 (1.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">56 (1.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Acute myocardial infarction</td>
                    <td align="center">25 (3.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">27 (0.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Myocarditis</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (0.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (0.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Bleeding</td>
                    <td align="center">26 (53.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">24 (46.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">49 (1.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Disseminated intravascular coagulation</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (0.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (0.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (0.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.042</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Death</td>
                    <td align="center">376 (45.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">218 (10.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">594 (20.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.000</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN2001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>ICU: intensive care unit.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t3001">
              <label>Table 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Predictors (at hospital admission) of in-hospital mortality by Poisson regression model with robust variance</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variables</th>
                    <th>Multivariate model 1 RR (95% CI)</th>
                    <th>Multivariate model 2 RR (95% CI)</th>
                    <th>Multivariate model 3 RR (95% CI)</th>
                    <th>Multivariate model 4 RR (95% CI)</th>
                    <th>Multivariate model 5 RR (95% CI)</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Myocardial injury</td>
                    <td align="center">4.2482 (3.2820-5.4982)*</td>
                    <td align="center">3.1956 (2.4335- 4.1962)*</td>
                    <td align="center">3.1077 (2.4364- 3.9640)*</td>
                    <td align="center">1.9057 (1.4843-2.4468)*</td>
                    <td align="center">2.0323 (1.5995-2.5822)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Age</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0285 (1.0191-1.0379)*</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0273 (1.0190- 1.0357)*</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0262 (1.0176-1.0349)*</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0269 (1.0192-1.0348)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Female sex</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.8122 (0.6289-1.0489)***</td>
                    <td align="center">0.7924 (0.6461-0.9718)**</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9553 (0.7736-1.2621)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Number of comorbidities****</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.1550 (1.0317- 1.2930)**</td>
                    <td align="center">1.1089 (1.0187-1.2070)*</td>
                    <td align="center">8.1862 (7.5153-8.9168)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Respiratory rate</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0213 (1.0018-1.0429)**</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0223 (1.0086-1.0362)**</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Heart rate</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0039 (0.9994-1.0083)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Systolic blood pressure &lt;90 mmHg without inotropes</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.2508 (0.1062-0.5920)**</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Systolic blood pressure &lt;90 mmHg with inotropes</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.3022 (0.7688-2.2056)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Glasgow &lt;15</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0723 (0.7372-1.5599)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>SF ratio</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9971 (0.9959-0.9983)*</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9969 (0.9963-0.9977)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Invasive mechanical ventilation</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9714 (0.5843-1.6148)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>C-reactive protein</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0010 (1.0006-1.0027)*</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0020 (1.0009-1.0026)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hemoglobin</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0150 (0.9644-1.0682)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Neutrophils</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0000 (1.0000-1.0000)*</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Platelet count</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9994 (0.9993-0.9996)*</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9994 (0.9993-0.9999)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Urea</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0046 (1.0001-1.0103)**</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Lactate</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9775 (0.9421-1.0143)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Sodium</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9948 (0.9763-1.0136)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Bicarbonate</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9716 (0.9443-0.9996)*</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>pH</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9987 (0.9982-0.9993)*</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>pCO<sub>2</sub></td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0034 (0.9939-1.0129)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>D-dimer</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9999 (0.9998-1.0001)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN3001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>CI: confidence interval; RR: relative risk; SF ratio: peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<sub><italic>2</italic></sub> )/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO<sub><italic>2</italic></sub> ) ratio. *p&lt;0.0001; **p&lt;0.05; ***p&gt;0.05; ****Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation or flutter, cirrhosis, cancer, and previous stroke.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t4001">
              <label>Table 4</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Predictors (at hospital admission) of invasive mechanical ventilation support by Poisson regression model with robust variance</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variables</th>
                    <th>Multivariate model 1 RR (95% CI)</th>
                    <th>Multivariate model 2 RR (95% CI)</th>
                    <th>Multivariate model 3 RR (95% CI)</th>
                    <th>Multivariate model 4 RR (95% CI)</th>
                    <th>Multivariate model 5 RR (95% CI)</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Myocardial injury</td>
                    <td align="center">2.8607 (2.4221-3.3787)*</td>
                    <td align="center">2.6906 (2.1353- 3.3901)*</td>
                    <td align="center">2.5901 (2.1627-3.1021)*</td>
                    <td align="center">1.9018 (1.5842-2.2830)*</td>
                    <td align="center">1.8675 (1.5662-2.2268)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Age</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0057 (0.9983-1.0131)***</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0034 (0.9976-1.0093)***</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0068 (1.0002-1.0133)*</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Female sex</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.8889 (0.7492-1.0546)***</td>
                    <td align="center">0.8697 (0.7492-1.0546)***</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9398 (0.7852-1.1249)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Overall comorbidities****</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.1781 (1.0936-1.2691)*</td>
                    <td align="center">1.1313 (1.0494-1.2196)**</td>
                    <td align="center">1.1295 (1.0488-1.2164)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Respiratory rate</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0369 (1.0254-1.0485)*</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0332 (1.0222-1.0443)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Heart rate</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0002 (0.9954-1.0051)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Systolic blood pressure &lt; 90 mmHg with no inotrope</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.4001 (0.1252-1.2781)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Glasgow &lt;15</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.8320 (0.6109-1.1332)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>SF ratio</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9980 (0.9960-0.9990)*</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9980 (0.9970-0.9990)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>C-reactive protein</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0027 (1.0019-1.0034)*</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0030 (1.0020-1.0040)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hemoglobin</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0111 (0.9641-1.0605)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Neutrophils</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0005 (1.0003-1.0006)*</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0004 (1.0002-1.0005)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Platelet count</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9980 (0.9970-0.9990)*</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9995 (0.9994-0.9997)*</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Urea</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9954 (0.9912-0.9997)**</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Lactate</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9740 (0.9045-1.0487)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Sodium</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9869 (0.9688-1.0054)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Bicarbonate</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0439 (0.9752-1.1174)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>pH</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0965 (0.0039-2.3727)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>pCO<sub>2</sub></td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9743 (0.9413-1.0084)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>D-dimer</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                    <td align="center">0.9999 (0.9998-1.0000)***</td>
                    <td align="center">---</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN4001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>CI: confidence interval; RR: relative risk; SF ratio: peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<sub><italic>2</italic></sub> )/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO<sub><italic>2</italic></sub> ) ratio. *p&lt;0.0001; **p&lt;0.05; ***p&gt;0.05; ****Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation or flutter, cirrhosis, cancer, and previous stroke.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f01001">
              <label>Central Illustration</label>
              <caption>
                <title>: Myocardial Injury and Prognosis in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Brazil: Results From The Brazilian COVID-19 Registry</title>
              </caption>
              <attrib>Central illustration of the main results. BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; CRP: C-reactive protein; ICU: intensive care unit; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.</attrib>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-02-e20220151-20151-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>In this multicenter cohort study, with a large sample of 31 Brazilian hospitals, patients with myocardial injury were 10 years older (median) than the control, and had a higher prevalence of underlying comorbidities, worse clinical parameters at hospital admission, and higher levels of CRP, LDH, and NT-proBNP/BNP when compared to those without myocardial injury. Myocardial injury was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (RR: 2.03 [1.60-2.58]) and invasive mechanical ventilation support (RR: 1.87 [1.57-2.23]). Higher number of comorbidities, higher respiratory rate, and higher levels of CRP were associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation support. Additionally, age and lower SF ratio were also independently associated with in-hospital mortality, while the number of neutrophils was associated with an increased risk of invasive mechanical ventilation support. Patients with myocardial injury showed a higher frequency of cardiovascular complications, bleeding, thromboembolic events, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, nosocomial infection, admission to the ICU, ICU and hospital length of stay, and need for renal replacement therapy.</p>
        <p>The present study&#8217;s findings are in line with results of studies from other countries, which reported remarkably similar characteristics of COVID-19 patients who developed myocardial injury, including advanced age and a high prevalence of underlying medical conditions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> There was no evidence of sex differences in the prevalence of the variables analyzed among patients with myocardial injury, which contrasts with data previously published in the literature. In the systematic review performed by Toraih et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> including 17,794 patients with cardiac injury assessed by troponin measurement, the authors found a significantly higher proportion of men with critical illnesses, defined as acute respiratory distress syndrome, invasive mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission. In the present analysis, older women with myocardial injury showed a higher risk for death and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, but with no statistical significance in the latter.</p>
        <p>In fact, troponin and other biomarkers are commonly abnormal in patients hospitalized with COVID&#8208;19. There are different mechanisms for the development of cardiac damage in COVID-19 patients, such as increased cardiac effort in acute respiratory failure,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> and SARS-CoV-2 interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> Although the specific mechanisms of myocardial injury are uncertain, the mechanisms proposed include inflammatory response and immune system disorders during disease progression.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Results of the tests used to assess cardiac function and injury have shown significantly higher values in COVID-19 patients who died than those who were discharged alive. Our results are in line with these findings, as BNP, creatine phosphokinase, LDH, NT-proBNP, and CRP, which is a biomarker of inflammatory response, were higher in patients with myocardial injury. A recent study which included 187 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Rio de Janeiro has also reported troponin as an independent predictor for adverse events. Meanwhile, BNP was not an independent predictor for mortality or the need for invasive mechanical ventilation support.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> This finding may be limited by the small sample size and high number of missing values.</p>
        <p>A systematic review and meta-analysis of Chinese cohort studies by Alzahrani and Al-Rabia<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> showed that 45.2% of the patients with COVID-19-induced myocardial injury have died.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> In the present study, there was a 4.25-fold higher mortality rate in patients with myocardial injury when compared to the controls, as well as a higher median hospital length of stay, ICU admissions, and all other aforementioned secondary outcomes. Hence, COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury were more susceptible to disease complications and had poorer prognoses. These findings are consistent with results reported by studies performed in other countries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Currently, several studies have proposed clinical variables, laboratory and chest X-ray findings for the prediction of the risk of severe COVID-19 progression and mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> In a previous analysis, our research group developed and validated a risk prediction score for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients (available through the link https://abc2sph.com/pt/), which includes older age, blood urea nitrogen, number of comorbidities, CRP, peripheral SF ratio, platelet count, and heart rate as predictors. However, troponin was not included in those analyses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> In the present study, cardiac injury was an independent risk factor for mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation support, in addition to the variables previously tested, which was the most important finding of the current analyses. These results play an important role in patient care, as they can help healthcare professionals identify patients who may have a worse prognosis, guiding interventions for the management of clinical conditions and improvements in health care. A logical next step would be to assess the inclusion of troponin to the ABC<sub>2</sub>-SPH risk score, an important topic for future studies concerning ABC<sub>2</sub>-SPH. It is our hope that this cohort can also be useful in further studies to create a predictive score for myocardial injury.</p>
        <p>This study has limitations. First, we cannot assure national representativeness of participating hospitals. Since this is a multicentric analysis of COVID-19, troponin tests could have inconsistencies, given that multiple commercial laboratory kits were used in an inter- and intra-institutional manner, and different reference values were standardized in each study, leading to measurement bias. Another limitation was that the grouped analyses did not allow the recognition of the contribution of each center to the outcomes of death and invasive mechanical ventilation support, as well as institutional factors related to mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref></sup> It is important to mention that the pandemic period when the data were collected involved a population that had not been vaccinated yet,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref></sup> and part of the patients in the study group might not have developed myocardial injury, but rather acute myocardial infarction. Due to the potential risk of transmissibility of COVID-19, there is a possibility that no differential diagnostic technique is performed in some cases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> Furthermore, since the present study was an observational study, other variables that may be confounding and unmeasurable or unrecognized may not have been collected or analyzed.</p>
        <p>Regarding the study&#8217;s strengths, a strict methodological criterion was used to perform this study, which was based on a robust patient sample, with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. The sample was obtained by the collaboration of researchers from 31 public, private, and mixed hospitals of different sizes and complexity levels, from different Brazilian regions, in order to guarantee a diversity of the studied population. However, they are not representative of the entire healthcare system of the country.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>Cardiac injury, measured by elevated troponin levels, was an independent predictor of mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation support among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, as were the variables of a recently validated risk prediction score. Future strategies involving the frequent monitoring of troponin levels as risk biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 during their hospitalization should be tested to investigate their role in reducing the risk of complications and death, as well as in improving patient care.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgements</title>
        <p>We would like to thank the hospitals that participated in this collaboration, especially the hospitals that participated in this analysis: Hospitais da Rede Mater Dei, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da UFMG, Hospital Santo Ant&#244;nio, Hospital M&#225;rcio Cunha, Hospital Metropolitano Doutor C&#233;lio de Castro, Hospital Metropolitano Odilon Behrens, Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves, Hospital Santa Ros&#225;lia, Hospital S&#227;o Jo&#227;o de Deus, Hospital Semper, Hospital UNIMED, Hospital M&#227;e de Deus, Hospital Universit&#225;rio Canoas, Hospital Universit&#225;rio de Santa Maria, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Instituto M&#225;rio Penna/Hospital Luxemburgo, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Concei&#231;&#227;o, Hospital Regional Ant&#244;nio Dias, Hospital M&#227;e de Deus, Hospital Regional do Oeste, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital Universit&#225;rio Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas, Hospital Bruno Born, Hospital SOS C&#225;rdio, Hospital S&#227;o Lucas da PUCRS. We would also like to thank all of the clinical staff from the hospitals and all of the undergraduate students who helped with data collection.</p>
      </ack>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study association</p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of Doctoral submitted by Hannah Cardoso Barbosa, from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Brazilian National Commission for Research Ethics under the protocol number (CAAE 30350820.5.1001.0008).</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn7001">
          <p>Sources of funding: This study was supported in part by Minas Gerais State Agency for Research and Development (Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG) [grant number APQ-00208-20], National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (Instituto de Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Tecnologias em Sa&#250;de &#8211; IATS)/ National Councilfor Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de De-senvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico - CNPq) [grant number 465518/2014&#8211;1].</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app01">
          <title>* Supplemental Materials</title>
          <p>For additional information, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12001/2022-0151_AO_R1_Supplementary material.pdf">click here</ext-link>.</p>
        </app>
      </app-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
