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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">vZhQzJPGz9T88H7dWKDY3SG</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000100209</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00209</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220906</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Suco de Beterraba Pode Ser um Ingrediente Diet&#233;tico para Proteger o Endot&#233;lio Vascular</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9787-4393</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Franco</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto J. S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual Paulista</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Universidade Estadual Paulista &#8211; UNESP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Roberto J. S. Franco &#8226; Disciplina Nefrologia &#8211; Departamento Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina Botucatu &#8211; Rua M&#225;rio Rubens Guimar&#227;es Montenegro, s/n. CEP 18618-687, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito Rubi&#227;o Junior, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>roberto.js.franco@unesp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220906</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Beta Vulgaris</kwd>
        <kwd>Endot&#233;lio Vascular</kwd>
        <kwd>Reatividade</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>&#211;xido N&#237;trico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As primeiras Recomenda&#231;&#245;es Diet&#233;ticas originaram-se em 1941 por ordem do Presidente Franklin Roosevelt, quando convocou a &#8220;Confer&#234;ncia Nacional de Nutri&#231;&#227;o em Defesa&#8221; para garantir uma popula&#231;&#227;o apta para a guerra, minimizando as doen&#231;as por defici&#234;ncia de nutrientes.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> No mesmo ano, a Associa&#231;&#227;o M&#233;dica Americana declarou que &#8220;a pesquisa em nutri&#231;&#227;o deve ser encorajada&#8221; com objetivos prim&#225;rios de &#8220;estimar as quantidades de nutrientes essenciais nos alimentos&#8221;, &#8220;dete&#231;&#227;o de estados de defici&#234;ncia nutricional&#8221;, e determina&#231;&#227;o mais precisa de &#8220;&#243;timos e m&#237;nimos requisitos&#8221; para cada nutriente.<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em humanos, ap&#243;s absor&#231;&#227;o atrav&#233;s da parede do est&#244;mago, 25% do nitrato consumido entra na circula&#231;&#227;o entero-salivar onde &#233; reduzido a nitrito (NO<sub>2</sub>) por nitrato redutases bacterianas de anaer&#243;bios facultativos na superf&#237;cie dorsal da l&#237;ngua.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> , <xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref> </sup> Este nitrito &#233; engolido e no ambiente &#225;cido do est&#244;mago &#233; reduzido a &#243;xido n&#237;trico (NO) ou entra novamente na circula&#231;&#227;o como nitrito. Desse modo, o nitrato diet&#233;tico pode representar uma fonte intravascular da mol&#233;cula vasoprotetora pleiotr&#243;pica NO e atua como potente dilatador, sobre a press&#227;o arterial e retarda a aterog&#234;nese inibindo o recrutamento de c&#233;lulas inflamat&#243;rias e a agrega&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria. Assim, protegendo o endot&#233;lio vascular, influencia numerosas patologias cardiovasculares (pr&#233;-hipertens&#227;o, hipertens&#227;o, aterosclerose, e acidente vascular cerebral) associadas com disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial e diminui&#231;&#227;o da bioatividade do NO.<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> Recentemente, estudos demonstraram que o nitrito confere prote&#231;&#227;o marcada contra les&#227;o de isquemia/reperfus&#227;o (I/R) no mioc&#225;rdio, rim, pulm&#227;o, e vasculatura cerebral.<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref> , <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref> </sup></p>
    <p>Nesse n&#250;mero dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia foi publicado um estudo<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> para avaliar os efeitos agudos da ingest&#227;o diet&#233;tica de NO<sub>3</sub>- contido em 500 ml de suco de beterraba (SB) sobre a press&#227;o arterial e a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial em pacientes hipertensos tratados. Foram inclu&#237;dos pacientes hipertensos em uso regular de antihipertensivos admitidos para estudo randomizado, cruzado, placebo controlado. Ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o e randomiza&#231;&#227;o os indiv&#237;duos receberam SB ou &#225;gua como controle (C) e permaneceram em repouso por 150 min., tempo de pico de a&#231;&#227;o do NO<sub>3</sub>- e NO<sub>2</sub>- na circula&#231;&#227;o sangu&#237;nea e depois foram reavaliados. Al&#233;m da coleta de dados bioqu&#237;micos, antropom&#233;tricos, press&#227;o arterial e risco cardiovascular, foi feita a reatividade microvascular com equipamento espec&#237;fico combinado com hiperemia reativa p&#243;s-oclusiva para redu&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua de altera&#231;&#245;es de perfus&#227;o cut&#226;nea dependentes do endot&#233;lio microvascular. Para vari&#225;veis hemodin&#226;micas centrais foram analisados de forma n&#227;o invasiva e com aparelho de tonometria a press&#227;o sist&#243;lica a&#243;rtica central, o pulso a&#243;rtico, o aumento, o &#237;ndice de aumento e a dura&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (DE). Esse equipamento permitiu calcular o &#237;ndice de variabilidade subendoc&#225;rdica (RVSP) que fornece estimativa da perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica em rela&#231;&#227;o ao trabalho card&#237;aco e &#233; preditivo da reserva de fluxo coronariano. Quanto menor a RVSP, menor a perfus&#227;o card&#237;aca que se relaciona &#224; rigidez arterial, fator de envelhecimento vascular.</p>
    <p>O grupo SC teve aumento significante nos n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de NO<sub>3</sub>- e NO<sub>2</sub>-, tr&#234;s vezes maior que os valores basais.</p>
    <p>Houve aumento significativo na taxa de viabilidade subendoc&#225;rdica (RVSE; 149&#177;25 vs. 165&#177;30%, p&lt;0,001) e redu&#231;&#227;o na dura&#231;&#227;o da eje&#231;&#227;o (DE; 37&#177;4 vs. 34&#177;4%, p&lt;0,001) na fase beterraba, mas nenhuma diferen&#231;a significativa de RVSE na fase controle. A % de aumento na perfus&#227;o (155 vs. 159%, p=0,042) cresceu significativamente na fase beterraba, o que n&#227;o foi observado na fase controle.</p>
    <p>Como conclus&#227;o a ingest&#227;o de SB resultou em benef&#237;cios agudos nos par&#226;metros vasculares em indiv&#237;duos hipertensos, levando a uma maior viabilidade subendoc&#225;rdica e desempenho na contra&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica al&#233;m da melhora da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial. Este foi o primeiro estudo que aplicou m&#233;todos diferentes para avaliar par&#226;metros vasculares e demonstrar efeitos ben&#233;ficos da ingest&#227;o &#250;nica de SB em adultos hipertensos tratados. Cabe aos autores comprovarem esses benef&#237;cios do suco de beterraba administrados por um per&#237;odo de m&#233;dio a longo.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Efeitos Agudos do Nitrato Diet&#233;tico na Press&#227;o Central e Desempenho Card&#237;aco em Hipertensos: Estudo Cruzado, Randomizado e Placebo-Controlado</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Beetroot Juice May Be a Dietary Ingredient to Protect Vascular Endothelium</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9787-4393</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Franco</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto J. S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Universidade Estadual Paulista &#8211; UNESP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Roberto J. S. Franco &#8226; Disciplina Nefrologia &#8211; Departamento Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina Botucatu &#8211; Rua M&#225;rio Rubens Guimar&#227;es Montenegro, s/n. Postal code 18618-687, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito Rubi&#227;o Junior, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: roberto.js.franco@unesp.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Beta Vulgaris</kwd>
        <kwd>Endothelium Vascular</kwd>
        <kwd>Reactivity</kwd>
        <kwd>Stability</kwd>
        <kwd>Oxide Nitric</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The first Dietary Recommendations originated in 1941 by order of President Franklin Roosevelt, when he convened the &#8220;National Conference on Nutrition in Defense&#8221; to guarantee a population fit for war, minimizing diseases due to deficiency of nutrients.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup>In the same year, the American Medical Association declared that &#8220;nutrition research should be encouraged&#8221; with primary objectives of &#8220;estimating the amounts of essential nutrients in foods,&#8221; &#8220;detection of nutritional deficiency states,&#8221; and more precise determination of &#8220;optimal and minimum requirements&#8221; for each nutrient.<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In humans, after absorption through the stomach wall, 25% of the nitrate consumed enters the entero-salivary circulation, where it is reduced to nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub>) by bacterial nitrate reductases of facultative anaerobes on the dorsal surface of the tongue.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> , <xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref> </sup>This nitrite is swallowed and, in the stomach&#8217;s acidic environment, is reduced to nitric oxide (NO) or re-enters the circulation as nitrite. Thus, dietary nitrate may represent an intravascular source of the pleiotropic vasoprotective molecule NO and acts as a potent dilator of blood pressure and delays atherogenesis by inhibiting the recruitment of inflammatory cells and platelet aggregation. Thus, protecting the vascular endothelium influences numerous cardiovascular pathologies (prehypertension, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stroke) associated with endothelial dysfunction and decreased NO<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup>bioactivity. Recently, studies have shown that nitrite confers marked protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the myocardium, kidney, lung, and cerebral vasculature.<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref> , <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref> </sup></p>
      <p>In this issue of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> , a study<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup>was published to evaluate the acute effects of dietary intake of NO<sub>3</sub>&#8254; contained in 500 ml of beetroot juice (BJ) on blood pressure and endothelial function in treated hypertensive patients. Hypertensive patients regularly using antihypertensives admitted to a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study were included. After evaluation and randomization, the individuals received BJ or water as a control (C) and remained at rest for 150 min., time of peak action of NO<sub>3</sub>- and NO<sub>2</sub>- in the bloodstream, and then were reassessed. In addition to collecting biochemical, anthropometric, blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk data, microvascular reactivity was performed with specific equipment combined with post-occlusive reactive hyperemia for continuous reduction of changes in cutaneous perfusion dependent on the microvascular endothelium. For central hemodynamic variables, central aortic systolic pressure, aortic pulse, augmentation, augmentation index, and ejection duration (ED) were analyzed non-invasively and using a tonometry device. This equipment made it possible to calculate the subendocardial variability index (SEVR), which provides an estimate of myocardial perfusion concerning cardiac work and is predictive of coronary flow reserve. The lower the SEVR, the lower the cardiac perfusion, which is related to arterial stiffness, a vascular aging factor.</p>
      <p>The SC group significantly increased serum levels of NO<sub>3</sub>- and NO<sub>2</sub>-, three times greater than baseline values.</p>
      <p>There was a significant increase in the subendocardial viability rate (SEVR; 149&#177;25 vs. 165&#177;30%, p&lt;0.001) and a reduction in ejection duration (ED; 37&#177;4 vs. 34&#177;4%, p&lt;0.001) in the beetroot, but no significant SEVR difference in the control phase. The % increase in perfusion (155 vs. 159%, p=0.042) increased significantly in the beet phase, which was not observed in the control phase.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, SB ingestion resulted in acute benefits in vascular parameters in hypertensive individuals, leading to greater subendocardial viability and performance in myocardial contraction and improved endothelial function. This was the first study that applied different methods to evaluate vascular parameters and demonstrate the beneficial effects of a single BJ intake in treated hypertensive adults. It is up to the authors to prove these benefits of beet juice administered for a medium to long period.</p>
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            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Acute Effects of Dietary Nitrate on Central Pressure and Endothelial Function in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study</italic>
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