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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">gRKMjCxqmfxVcYzDXcmQzJs</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000100204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220877</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Arterite de Takayasu: A Idade &#233; um Fator Diferencial no Diagn&#243;stico, Acompanhamento e Tratamento da Doen&#231;a?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4558-4735</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda Luciano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Tr&#234;s Lagoas</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus de Tr&#234;s Lagoas, Tr&#234;s Lagoas, MS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Fernanda Luciano Rodrigues &#8226; Av. Ranulpho Marques Leal, 3.484 &#8211; Caixa Postal 210. CEP 79620-080. Tr&#234;s Lagoas, MS &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>fernanda.luciano@ufms.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220877</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Arterite de Takayasu</kwd>
        <kwd>Glucocorticoides</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A arterite de Takayasu (TAK) &#233; uma vasculite inflamat&#243;ria de grandes vasos, que afeta principalmente a aorta, seus principais ramos divisionais e as art&#233;rias pulmonares, e classicamente ocorre em mulheres de 20 a 40 anos.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref> - <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> </sup> A TAK frequentemente se apresenta com sintomas inespec&#237;ficos como febre, fadiga, dor abdominal e perda de peso.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref> , <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> </sup></p>
    <p>A TAK &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o com a qual &#233; dif&#237;cil lidar. A identifica&#231;&#227;o precoce desta doen&#231;a &#233; dif&#237;cil e requer suspeita cl&#237;nica e vigil&#226;ncia. M&#233;todos radiol&#243;gicos podem identificar vasos doentes, mas falham em distinguir entre les&#245;es ativas e cr&#244;nicas.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> A vasculite sist&#234;mica pode levar a cicatrizes irrevers&#237;veis nos &#243;rg&#227;os afetados, que podem ser causadas pela atividade da doen&#231;a e/ou abordagens terap&#234;uticas como corticosteroides e outros imunossupressores.<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> Os glicocorticoides continuam sendo os mais eficazes e servem como tratamento de primeira linha fundamental.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Como a TAK &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o t&#237;pica de adultos jovens, h&#225; poucos estudos em popula&#231;&#245;es fora dessa faixa et&#225;ria. Poucos estudos sugerem que as fases do curso da TAK podem variar com a idade.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref> , <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref> </sup> Os autores do artigo &#8220;Particularidades dos Pacientes com Arterite de Takayasu em Idade Mais Avan&#231;ada: Estudo Coorte, Retrospectivo e Transversal&#8221;<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> relataram que, apesar do curso da TAK parecer variar com a idade, nenhum estudo at&#233; o momento avaliou comparativamente indiv&#237;duos adultos com TAK em idade mais avan&#231;ada, levantando a quest&#227;o das implica&#231;&#245;es e poss&#237;veis diferen&#231;as na abordagem dessa popula&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>O artigo<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> &#233; o primeiro relato de que pacientes idosos com TAK requerem tratamento medicamentoso m&#237;nimo para doen&#231;a TAK subjacente e apresentam maior comprometimento do estado funcional. Considerando que estudos demonstraram que a popula&#231;&#227;o juvenil apresentou taxas de remiss&#227;o mais baixas do que pacientes adultos,<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> esses dados sugerem que a idade &#233; um fator importante a ser considerado no diagn&#243;stico, acompanhamento e tratamento de pacientes com TAK.</p>
    <p>Segundo o artigo,<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> menos pacientes idosos faziam uso de prednisona e imunossupressores ou imunobiol&#243;gicos. Os glicocorticoides sist&#234;micos s&#227;o o tratamento de primeira linha para TAK, geralmente iniciados em altas doses e seguidos por um regime de redu&#231;&#227;o gradual.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref> , <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref> </sup> No entanto, a terapia com glicocorticoides &#233; frequentemente associada a cicatrizes irrevers&#237;veis nos &#243;rg&#227;os afetados,<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> e seu tratamento cr&#244;nico est&#225; associado a efeitos adversos graves, como diabetes, hipertens&#227;o, doen&#231;a cardiovascular precoce, infec&#231;&#245;es e osteoporose.<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os dados do artigo<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> apontam que a popula&#231;&#227;o idosa pode n&#227;o se beneficiar da terapia com glicocorticoides, o que por outro lado, seria ben&#233;fico, pois os idosos comumente apresentam comorbidades que podem ser agravadas pela terapia cr&#244;nica com glicocorticoides.</p>
    <p>Embora a popula&#231;&#227;o idosa requeira tratamento medicamentoso m&#237;nimo, o artigo<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> demonstrou que pacientes mais velhos apresentam maior comprometimento do estado funcional. No entanto, o estudo n&#227;o permite concluir se o impacto funcional foi causado pelo aumento da cronicidade da doen&#231;a ou se est&#225; correlacionado com a idade avan&#231;ada e a maior preval&#234;ncia de comorbidades.</p>
    <p>O estudo,<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> pela primeira vez, destacou que pacientes idosos com TAK requerem diferentes abordagens, pois fatores relacionados &#224; idade e &#224; alta incid&#234;ncia de comorbidades podem levar &#224; confus&#227;o no diagn&#243;stico e avalia&#231;&#227;o da atividade da TAK. Al&#233;m disso, o estudo refor&#231;a os achados da literatura de que as fases do curso do TAK variam com a idade e prop&#245;em que a idade seja um fator importante a ser considerado na abordagem dos pacientes TAK.</p>
  </body>
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    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Particularidades dos Pacientes com Arterite de Takayasu em Idade Mais Avan&#231;ada: Estudo Coorte, Retrospectivo e Transversal</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Takayasu&#8217;s Arteritis: Is Age a Differential Factor in the Diagnosis, Follow-Up, and Treatment of the Disease?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4558-4735</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda Luciano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus de Tr&#234;s Lagoas, Tr&#234;s Lagoas, MS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Fernanda Luciano Rodrigues &#8226; Av. Ranulpho Marques Leal, 3.484 &#8211; Postal code 210. Postal Code 79620-080. Tr&#234;s Lagoas, MS &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: fernanda.luciano@ufms.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Takayasu Arteritis</kwd>
        <kwd>Glucocorticoids</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnosis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Takayasu&#8217;s arteritis (TAK) is a large-vessel inflammatory vasculitis, mainly affecting the aorta, its main divisional branches, and pulmonary arteries, being classically presenting in females aged 20 to 40 years.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref> - <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> </sup>TAK often presents with nonspecific symptoms such as fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, and weight-loss.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref> , <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> </sup></p>
      <p>TAK is a difficult condition to deal with. Early identification of this disease is difficult and necessitates clinical suspicion and vigilance. Radiologic methods can identify diseased vessels but fail to distinguish between active and chronic lesions.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup>Systemic vasculitis can lead to irreversible scars in affected organs, which may be caused by disease activity and/or therapeutic approaches such as corticosteroids and other immunosuppressives.<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup>Glucocorticoids remain the most effective and serve as a cornerstone first-line treatment.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Since TAK is a typical condition of young adults, there are few studies in populations outside this age range. Few studies suggest that the life stages of the TAK course can vary with age.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref> , <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref> </sup>The authors of the article &#8220;Characteristics of Older Patients with Takayasu&#8217;s Arteritis: A Two-Center, Cross-Sectional, Retrospective Cohort Study&#8221;<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>related that despite the TAK&#8217;s course seeming to vary with age, no studies to date have comparatively evaluated adult individuals with TAK at an older age, raising the question of the implications and possible differences in the approach to this population.</p>
      <p>The article<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>is the first report that older patients with TAK require minimal drug treatment for underlying TAK disease and have greater impairment of functional status. Considering that studies have demonstrated that the juvenile population had lower remission rates than adult patients,<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup>these data suggest that age is an important factor to consider in the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of TAK patients.</p>
      <p>According to the article,<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>fewer older patients used prednisone and immunosuppressive or immunobiological drugs. Systemic glucocorticoids are the first-line treatment for TAK, usually started at high doses and followed by a tapering regimen.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref> , <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref> </sup>However, glucocorticoid therapy is frequently associated with irreversible scars in affected organs,<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup>and their chronic treatment is associated with severe adverse effects, such as diabetes, hypertension, early cardiovascular disease, infections, and osteoporosis.<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The article<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>data point out that the elderly population may not benefit from glucocorticoid therapy, which would be beneficial since the elderly commonly have comorbidities that can be aggravated by chronic therapy with glucocorticoids.</p>
      <p>Even though the elderly population requires minimal drug treatment, the article<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>demonstrated that older patients have greater impairment of functional status. However, the study does not allow us to conclude if the functional impact was caused by an increase in the chronicity of the disease or is correlated with advanced age and a higher prevalence of comorbidities.</p>
      <p>The study,<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref> ,</sup>for the first time, highlighted that elderly TAK patients require different approaches since age-related factors and the high incidence of comorbidities can lead to confusion in diagnosing and assessing TAK&#8217;s activity. In addition, the study reinforces the findings in the literature that the life stages of the TAK course vary with age and propose that age is an important factor to be considered in the approach to TAK patients.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Characteristics of Older Patients with Takayasu&#8217;s Arteritis: A Two-Center, Cross-Sectional, Retrospective Cohort Study</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
