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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">FvBmtwKgFngTJRftZqjPKbs</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022001300991</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20211014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20211014</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Met&#225;stase Intracard&#237;aca de Adenocarcinoma Col&#244;nico Diagnosticada 12 Anos ap&#243;s Controle do Tumor Prim&#225;rio e sem Sinais de Outras Met&#225;stases: Um Relato de Caso</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2283-1385</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fa&#233;</surname>
            <given-names>Isabela Galizzi</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9782-6524</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ruiz</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Zamunaro Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8146-1201</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Irffi</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Palmer</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5344-6696</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Robson de Souza</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1607-2450</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Concei&#231;&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Anjos</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1717-2223</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Falchetto</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Belisario</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8260-9212</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Passaglia</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Guilherme</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2628-5617</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brasileiro</surname>
            <given-names>Geraldo</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8287-0733</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gelape</surname>
            <given-names>Cl&#225;udio Leo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9437-2344</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Clara Rodrigues Alves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servi&#231;o de Medicina Interna</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Medicina Interna, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servi&#231;o de Patologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Patologia, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Fel&#237;cio Rocho</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Hospital Fel&#237;cio Rocho, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cirurgia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Isabela Galizzi Fa&#233;</bold> &#8226; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais &#8211; Cardiologia &#8211; Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 110. CEP <postal-code>30130-100</postal-code>, Bairro Santa Efig&#234;nia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211;Brasil. E-mail: <email>isabela.galizzi@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>19</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>991</fpage>
      <lpage>995</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Adenocarcinoma</kwd>
        <kwd>Met&#225;stase Neopl&#225;sica</kwd>
        <kwd>Genes Supressores de Tumor</kwd>
        <kwd>Neoplasias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Neoplasias do Colo</kwd>
        <kwd>Ant&#237;geno Carcinoembrion&#225;rio</kwd>
        <kwd>Trombopenia</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem/m&#233;todos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="8"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="19"/>
        <page-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Trombo, vegeta&#231;&#227;o e tumor s&#227;o os principais diagn&#243;sticos diferenciais de massas intracard&#237;acas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Tumores malignos s&#227;o raros, enquanto as met&#225;stases card&#237;acas s&#227;o 20 vezes mais frequentes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Met&#225;stases card&#237;acas s&#227;o causadas por dissemina&#231;&#227;o linf&#225;tica, sangu&#237;nea,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> invas&#227;o direta do mediastino ou crescimento tumoral na veia cava inferior ou nas veias pulmonares<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup>, levando &#224; obstru&#231;&#227;o das vias de entrada ou sa&#237;da de c&#226;maras esquerda ou direita.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Frequentemente, os sintomas s&#227;o semelhantes aos de outras doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, tais como, dispneia, dor tor&#225;cica, palpita&#231;&#245;es e edema.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> No entanto, por vezes uma massa card&#237;aca &#233; encontrada incidentalmente durante um exame por imagem realizado por outra indica&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O objetivo do estudo &#233; descrever um caso incomum de met&#225;stase intracard&#237;aca de adenocarcinoma col&#244;nico diagnosticada 12 anos ap&#243;s o final do tratamento do tumor prim&#225;rio.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Apresenta&#231;&#227;o do caso</title>
      <p>Um homem de 61 anos de idade foi admitido, em janeiro de 2020, no setor de emerg&#234;ncia de um hospital terci&#225;rio por quadro s&#250;bito de dispneia, sudorese, palidez e tontura. Ao exame f&#237;sico, o paciente apresentava edema de membros inferiores, press&#227;o venosa jugular elevada e sopro sist&#243;lico na via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito. Sua hist&#243;ria pregressa inclu&#237;a hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, diabetes <italic>mellitus</italic>, doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica e adenocarcinoma col&#244;nico tratado com ressec&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica e quimioterapia em 2005. Em 2007, uma met&#225;stase hep&#225;tica tamb&#233;m foi adequadamente ressectada e, em 2009, o paciente recebeu a &#250;ltima dose de quimioterapia. Foi realizado acompanhamento regular com colonoscopia, tomografias e dosagem do ant&#237;geno carcinoembrion&#225;rio (CEA), sem qualquer sinal de recorr&#234;ncia.</p>
      <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial excluiu infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio e revelou anemia hipocr&#244;mica microc&#237;tica, deteriora&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o renal e trombocitopenia grave (16 x 103/&#956;L). O ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico evidenciou uma enorme massa no ventr&#237;culo direito com extens&#227;o para o &#225;trio direito e tronco da art&#233;ria pulmonar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">figuras 1A</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">B</xref>). A tomografia computadorizada (TC) n&#227;o mostrou evid&#234;ncias de massas pulmonares ou abdominais. Houve apenas uma pequena eleva&#231;&#227;o do CEA (anterior: 2,9 ng/mL em 2019, atual: 6,5 ng/mL). O mielograma revelou medula hiperproliferativa, tendo a hip&#243;tese de trombocitopenia atribu&#237;da &#224; destrui&#231;&#227;o perif&#233;rica de plaquetas pela pr&#243;pria massa ou por mecanismo imunol&#243;gico.</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Ecocardiografia. Massa intracavit&#225;ria (setas) identificada por ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico. Janela quatro c&#226;maras (A) Janela paraesternal eixo longo (B).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-06-0991-11014-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <p>A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca (RMC) evidenciou uma massa intracavit&#225;ria no ventr&#237;culo direito, ocupando a maior parte da cavidade. A massa n&#227;o apresentava contratilidade intr&#237;nseca e estava aparentemente fixada &#224; parede ventricular, sem invas&#227;o local. A via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito encontrava-se quase completamente ocupada pelo tumor; havia ainda restri&#231;&#227;o &#224; abertura da v&#225;lvula tric&#250;spide e movimento sist&#243;lico anormal do septo interventricular para a esquerda. As dimens&#245;es da massa eram 8,4 cm (craniocaudal), 4,4 cm (anteroposterior) e 5,7 cm (longitudinal). A caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do tecido demonstrou uma apar&#234;ncia heterog&#234;nea em todas as sequ&#234;ncias. Na cine-resson&#226;ncia, a massa apresentou hipossinal em compara&#231;&#227;o com o mioc&#225;rdio, isossinal em T1 e hipossinal em T2, sem mudan&#231;as de sinal em sequ&#234;ncias com supress&#227;o de gordura. Em sequ&#234;ncias de perfus&#227;o, foi poss&#237;vel observar heterogeneidade e discreto realce por contraste. No realce tardio pelo gadol&#237;nio, um hipersinal perif&#233;rico com um orif&#237;cio de hipossinal sugeriu que a massa poderia ter um n&#250;cleo necr&#243;tico ou um componente tromb&#243;tico (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">figuras 2 A</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">E</xref>). Devido &#224; trombocitopenia grave, o tratamento com anticoagula&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o foi iniciado.</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca. Massa intracavit&#225;ria em diferentes sequ&#234;ncias.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-06-0991-11014-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Com o objetivo de confirmar a natureza da massa e desobstruir o fluxo sangu&#237;neo, foi programada uma ressec&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica. Durante a cirurgia, foram identificados sinais de envolvimento mioc&#225;rdico extenso, al&#233;m de invas&#227;o da parede do ventr&#237;culo direito. Foi retirada uma grande quantidade de tumor fri&#225;vel pelo &#225;trio direito (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">figuras 3 A</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">C</xref>). Devido &#224; impossibilidade de remover completamente a massa pelo &#225;trio direito, foi realizada uma ventriculotomia direita na tentativa de ressecar completamente a les&#227;o, com sucesso parcial devido &#224; invas&#227;o da parede. Ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico realizado durante a cirurgia mostrou melhora hemodin&#226;mica ap&#243;s a retirada parcial do tumor.</p>
      <fig id="f3">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Vista peroperat&#243;ria. A. Invas&#227;o tumoral na parede do ventr&#237;culo direito. B. Massa polipoide de tecido mole na cavidade do ventr&#237;culo direito. C. Tumor sendo retirado do ventr&#237;culo.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-06-0991-11014-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      <p>A amostra cir&#250;rgica consistiu em v&#225;rios fragmentos irregulares, necr&#243;ticos e moles. Histologicamente, a les&#227;o foi caracterizada como neoplasia maligna do tipo adenocarcinoma com aspecto mucossecretor/mucinoso,9 com &#225;reas extensas de necrose e aut&#243;lise, no interior e na superf&#237;cie dos fragmentos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 4 A</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">B</xref>). N&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel avaliar a infiltra&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, j&#225; que n&#227;o foram identificados cardiomi&#243;citos nos v&#225;rios fragmentos examinados. O estudo imuno-histoqu&#237;mico demonstrou: CK7, CD20 e KRAS negativos; CDX2 e &#946;-catenina positivos; alto &#237;ndice de prolifera&#231;&#227;o celular (Ki-67=&gt; 50%). O diagn&#243;stico final foi de met&#225;stase card&#237;aca de adenocarcnimoma col&#244;nico. O aspecto microsc&#243;pico da les&#227;o era semelhante ao do tumor col&#244;nico prim&#225;rio ressecado em 2005 e ao da met&#225;stase hep&#225;tica retirada em 2007.</p>
      <fig id="f4">
        <label>Figura 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Aspectos microsc&#243;picos da les&#227;o. A. V&#225;rias gl&#226;ndulas malignas associadas a subst&#226;ncia mucosa abundante. Na superf&#237;cie, h&#225; uma fina camada de fibrina. B. Do lado esquerdo da figura, h&#225; gl&#226;ndulas malignas entremeadas &#224; subst&#226;ncia mucosa; &#224; direita, h&#225; material necr&#243;tico extenso misturado com fibrina e hem&#225;cias.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-06-0991-11014-gf04.tif"/></fig>
      <p>O paciente recebeu alta algumas semanas ap&#243;s a cirurgia, sem sintomas cardiovasculares, n&#237;veis de plaqueta normais e com boa recupera&#231;&#227;o renal. Foi prescrito um ciclo de quimioterapia paliativa, mas o tratamento foi interrompido pela queda do n&#237;vel de plaquetas. Ap&#243;s um m&#234;s, o paciente foi readmitido no hospital com sinais de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca descompensada. Foi identificado derrame pleural importante e o ecocardiograma mostrou recidiva da massa, a qual ocupava grande parte do ventr&#237;culo direito. Dessa forma, o paciente, sua fam&#237;lia e a equipe m&#233;dica optaram por cuidados paliativo. O paciente faleceu poucas semanas depois por complica&#231;&#245;es da neoplasia.</p>
      <p>O material suplementar mostra a linha do tempo dos eventos desde a admiss&#227;o do paciente at&#233; sua morte.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Tumores card&#237;acos malignos s&#227;o raros, especialmente os prim&#225;rios. Met&#225;stases card&#237;acas se originam principalmente de carcinomas de pulm&#227;o, mama e es&#244;fago, melanomas, linfomas e leucemias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Dada a sua baixa incid&#234;ncia, tumores card&#237;acos n&#227;o s&#227;o comumente investigados na pr&#225;tica oncol&#243;gica, embora tenham ganhado import&#226;ncia gra&#231;as &#224; melhoria diagn&#243;stica de neoplasias e maior sobrevida dos pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Tumores card&#237;acos geralmente evoluem silenciosamente por anos, sendo subdiagnosticados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Quando sintom&#225;ticos, podem causar manifesta&#231;&#245;es constitucionais, obstru&#231;&#227;o ao fluxo sangu&#237;neo, disfun&#231;&#227;o valvar, arritmias, derrame peric&#225;rdico e emboliza&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Implantes card&#237;acos secund&#225;rios s&#227;o frequentemente associados &#224; fase terminal de neoplasia maligna generalizada ou, menos comumente, s&#227;o descobertas como manifesta&#231;&#227;o inicial de um c&#226;ncer recentemente diagn&#243;sticado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Quando a neoplasia forma uma massa intracard&#237;aca de dimens&#245;es consider&#225;veis, os pacientes apresentam instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica e t&#234;m progn&#243;stico pior antes, durante e ap&#243;s uma interven&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Infiltra&#231;&#227;o da parede card&#237;aca por c&#233;lulas malignas pode comprometer a din&#226;mica card&#237;aca e resultar em evento sintom&#225;tico e catastr&#243;fico para o paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Embora se possa suspeitar de met&#225;stases card&#237;acas em vida, raramente elas s&#227;o diagnosticadas antes do &#243;bito.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Em estudos de aut&#243;psias, met&#225;stases endoc&#225;rdicas de tumores colorretais s&#227;o detectadas em 1,4 a 7,2% dos pacientes com essa malignidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Na an&#225;lise de Oneglia et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> met&#225;stases card&#237;acas foram encontradas em 3,2% dos pacientes autopsiados com carcinoma colorretal conhecido.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O diagn&#243;stico diferencial pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios de massas card&#237;acas nem sempre &#233; f&#225;cil ou poss&#237;vel, mesmo com acesso f&#225;cil a proped&#234;uticas avan&#231;adas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> A ecocardiografia &#233; geralmente a primeira ferramenta a ser usada para o diagn&#243;stico de tumores card&#237;acos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> TC e RMC s&#227;o importantes, pois oferecem informa&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas e visualizam infiltra&#231;&#227;o ou extens&#227;o do tumor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Em muitos pacientes, contudo, o diagn&#243;stico preciso s&#243; &#233; confirmado ap&#243;s o exame an&#225;tomopatol&#243;gico da amostra retirada cirurgicamente. Quando a les&#227;o est&#225; no &#225;trio e/ou ventr&#237;culo direito, pode-se tentar uma bi&#243;psia endomioc&#225;rdica (BEM). Entretanto, nem sempre a bi&#243;psia permite um diagn&#243;stico definitivo, especialmente devido &#224; dificuldade em se obter por&#231;&#245;es representativas da les&#227;o. No presente caso, o diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio por BEM somente poderia ser poss&#237;vel se um fragmento como o mostrado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 4A</xref> pudesse ser obtido. Necrose tumoral extensa, especialmente nas por&#231;&#245;es superficiais dos fragmentos, faz com que a amostragem das c&#233;lulas neopl&#225;sicas por BEM seja mais dif&#237;cil de se alcan&#231;ar.</p>
      <p>A incid&#234;ncia de malignidade colorretal e de outros tumores tem aumentado nos &#250;ltimos anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Com tratamentos oncol&#243;gicos mais avan&#231;ados e sobrevida mais prolongada dos pacientes, espera-se que as met&#225;stases card&#237;acas aumentem. Nesse contexto, a equipe m&#233;dica ter&#225; de enfrentar a decis&#227;o de realizar ou n&#227;o cirurgia card&#237;aca para diagn&#243;stico ou para al&#237;vio hemodin&#226;mico dos pacientes com tumores irressec&#225;veis.</p>
      <p>O rastreio de met&#225;stases card&#237;acas atualmente n&#227;o &#233; recomendado para pacientes com neoplasias malignas. Entretanto, pacientes oncol&#243;gicos que apresentam sintomas cardiopulmonares devem ser avaliados quanto a implantes card&#237;acos secund&#225;rios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Benef&#237;cios poss&#237;veis da cirurgia card&#237;aca devem ser contrabalan&#231;ados em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; morbimortalidade perioperat&#243;ria,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> assim, cardiologistas, cirurgi&#245;es cardiovasculares, oncologistas e outros profissionais devem estar envolvidos na decis&#227;o final a respeito do melhor tratamento em cada cen&#225;rio espec&#237;fico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Apesar de todas as estrat&#233;gias, a sobrevida m&#233;dia para pacientes com c&#226;ncer colorretal metast&#225;tico n&#227;o ressec&#225;vel que recebem o melhor tratamento de suporte &#233; de apenas cinco a seis meses. Em geral, pacientes com met&#225;stases card&#237;acas t&#234;m uma taxa de sobrevida em cinco 5 anos de apenas 7%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Com a melhoria na detec&#231;&#227;o precoce, desenvolvimento de ferramentas diagn&#243;sticas modernas, avan&#231;os nos regimes de quimioterapia, t&#233;cnicas de radia&#231;&#227;o e refinamento dos cuidados pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios, estima-se que haja um aumento na sobrevida dos pacientes oncol&#243;gicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <p>
          <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo CLM-78-2021. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Intracardiac Metastasis of Colonic Adenocarcinoma 12 Years After Primary Tumor Control and Without Any Sign of Other Metastasis: A Case Report</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2283-1385</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fa&#233;</surname>
            <given-names>Isabela Galizzi</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9782-6524</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ruiz</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Zamunaro Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8146-1201</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Irffi</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Palmer</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5344-6696</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Robson de Souza</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1607-2450</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Concei&#231;&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Anjos</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1717-2223</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Falchetto</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Belisario</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8260-9212</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Passaglia</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Guilherme</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2628-5617</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brasileiro</surname>
            <given-names>Geraldo</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8287-0733</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gelape</surname>
            <given-names>Cl&#225;udio Leo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9437-2344</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Clara Rodrigues Alves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Medicina Interna, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Patologia, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Hospital Fel&#237;cio Rocho, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff10">
          <label>5</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Isabela Galizzi Fa&#233;</bold> &#8226; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais &#8211; Cardiologia &#8211; Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 110. Postal Code <postal-code>30130-100</postal-code>, Bairro Santa Efig&#234;nia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211;Brazil. E-mail: <email>isabela.galizzi@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Adenocarcinoma</kwd>
        <kwd>Neoplasm Metastasis</kwd>
        <kwd>Genes, Tumor Suppresor</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Neoplasms</kwd>
        <kwd>Colonic Neoplasms</kwd>
        <kwd>Carcinoembryonic Antigen</kwd>
        <kwd>Thrombocytopenia</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic, Imaging/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Thrombus, vegetation and tumor are the main diagnoses for intracardiac masses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Malignant cardiac tumors are rare and cardiac metastasis are around 20 times more frequent than primary tumors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Cardiac metastases originate from lymphatic or blood dissemination,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> mediastinum direct invasion or tumoral growth inside inferior vena cava or pulmonary veins<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> and can lead to obstruction of the right or left outflow or inflow tract or arrhythmias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Frequently, symptoms are similar to other prevalent cardiovascular diseases, such as dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations and edema,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> but sometimes a cardiac mass is found out incidentally during an image exam performed for an unrelated indication.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> We aim to describe an uncommon case of intracardiac metastasis from colonic adenocarcinoma 12 years after the end of the primary tumor treatment.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Case presentation</title>
        <p>A 61-years-old man was admitted, in January 2020, at the emergency department of a Brazilian tertiary hospital due to a sudden crisis of dyspnea, sweating, pallor and dizziness. On physical examination, the patient had symmetric lower limbs edema, elevated jugular venous pressure and systolic heart bruit in the right ventricular outflow tract. His medical history included hypertension, <italic>diabetes mellitus</italic>, chronic kidney disease and colonic adenocarcinoma treated by surgical resection and chemotherapy in 2005. In 2007, a hepatic metastasis was also properly resected and, in 2009, he received the last dose of chemotherapy. He was regularly followed up with colonoscopy and carcinoembryonic antigen assessment, without any sign of recurrence.</p>
        <p>The initial evaluation ruled out acute myocardial infarction and showed hypochromic and microcytic anemia, worsening renal function, and severe thrombocytopenia (16 x 10<sup>3</sup>/&#956;L). A transthoracic echocardiogram described a huge mass in the right ventricle with extension to the right atrium and pulmonary trunk (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">figures 1A</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">B</xref>). Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed no evidence of pulmonary or abdominal masses. There was only a minor elevation of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (previous: 2.9 ng/mLin 2019, current: 6.5 ng/mL). A myelogram showed a hyperproliferative bone marrow, so the hypothesis of thrombocytopenia was attributed to peripheral platelets destruction by the tumor itself or by immunological mechanism.</p>
        <fig id="f5">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Echocardiography. Intracavitary mass (arrows) identified by transthoracic echocardiogram in four chambers view (A) and parasternal long axis view (B).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-06-0991-11014-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>A cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) showed an intracavitary mass in the right ventricle, occupying most part of its cavity. The mass didn't have intrinsic contractility and was apparently fixed in the ventricular wall, without local invasion. The outflow tract of the right ventricle was almost completely occupied by the tumor, tricuspid valve opening was significantly restricted and there was systolic abnormal leftward motion of interventricular septum. Dimensions of the mass were 8.4 cm (craniocaudal), 4.4 cm (anteroposterior) and 5.7 cm (longitudinal). Tissue characterization showed heterogeneous appearance in all sequences. At cineresonance, the mass exhibited hyposignal in comparison with myocardium, isosignal in T1 and hyposignal in T2, without signal changes in sequences with fat suppression. In perfusion sequences, heterogeneity and discrete contrast enhancement could be seen. In late gadolinium enhancement, a peripheric hypersignal with a hyposignal hole suggested the mass could have a necrotic core or a thrombotic component (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">figures 2 A</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">E</xref>). Because of the severe thrombocytopenia, anticoagulation therapy was not initiated.</p>
        <fig id="f6">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Cardiac magnetic resonance. Intracavitary mass in different sequences in CMR.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-06-0991-11014-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Aiming to confirm the mass etiology and unblock the blood flow, a surgical resection was scheduled. During the surgery, signs of extensive myocardial involvement were identified. The right ventricle wall was invaded and occupied by a large mass of soft tissue. Through the right atrium, a large amount of friable tumor material was removed (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">figures 3 A</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">C</xref>). Due to the impossibility of complete removal of the mass through the right atrium, right ventriculotomy was performed attempting to completely resect the lesion, with partial success due to wall invasion. A transesophageal echocardiogram was performed during the surgery and showed an improvement in cardiac dynamics after partial tumor removal.</p>
        <fig id="f7">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Per operative view. A. Tumoral invasion in the right ventricle wall. B. A soft tissue and polypoid mass is seen in right ventricle cavity. C. Tumor being removed from the ventricle.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-06-0991-11014-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>The surgical sample consisted of many irregular, soft and extensive necrotic fragments. Histologically, the lesion was represented by an adenocarcinoma-type malignant neoplasm of mucosecretory/mucinous aspect,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> with extensive areas of necrosis and autolysis, both inside and on the surface of the fragments (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 4 A</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">B</xref>). It was not possible to assess myocardial infiltration, since cardiomyocytes were not identified in the various fragments examined. The immunohistochemical study showed: negative CK7, CD20 and KRAS; CDX2 and &#946;-catenin positive; high rate of cell proliferation (Ki-67 =&gt; 50%). The final diagnosis was cardiac metastasis from colonic adenocarcinoma. The microscopic aspect of the lesion was similar to the primary colonic tumor resected in 2005 and to the liver metastasis removed in 2007.</p>
        <fig id="f8">
          <label>Figure 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Microscopic aspects of the lesion. A. Several malignant glands associated with abundant mucous substance. On the surface, there is a thin fibrin layer. B. On the left side of the figure, there are malignant glands inside abundant mucous substance; on the right side, there is extensive necrotic material mixed with fibrin and blood cells.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-06-0991-11014-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>The patient was discharged a few weeks after the surgery, with no more cardiovascular symptoms, normal platelet levels and renal recovery. One cycle of palliative chemotherapy was prescribed, but treatment was interrupted because of dropping in platelet counts. One month later he was readmitted to the hospital with signs of decompensated heart failure. Right pleural effusion was identified, and echocardiogram showed a mass occupying a large part of the right ventricle. Therefore, the patient, his family and medical team decided for palliative support. He died a few weeks later.</p>
        <p>The supplementary material shows the timeline of events since the admission until the patient's death.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>Malignant cardiac tumors are rare, particularly the primary ones. Cardiac metastases originate mainly from lung, breast and esophageal carcinomas, melanomas, lymphomas and leukemias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Due to their low incidence, cardiac tumors are not commonly investigated in oncology practice, although they have been gaining greater importance due to improvement in cancer diagnosis and longer patients survival.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Clinically, cardiac tumors often evolve silently for years, being underdiagnosed,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> or can cause constitutional symptoms, obstruction of intracardiac blood flow, valve dysfunction, arrhythmias, pericardial effusion and embolization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Secondary cardiac implants are frequently associated with the terminal phase of a widespread malignancy or, less commonly, can be the initial manifestation of a newly diagnosed or newly recurrent malignancy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> When neoplastic infiltration forms a large intracardiac mass, the patients present with hemodynamic instability and have a worse prognosis before, during or after surgical intervention.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Infiltration of the cardiac wall by malignant cells can result in a catastrophic and symptomatic event for the patient, impairing cardiac dynamics.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Although cardiac metastases can be suspected in life, they are rarely diagnosed before death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> In autopsy studies, endocardial metastases from colorectal tumors are detected in 1.4 to 7.2% of the patients with this malignancy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> In the review by Oneglia et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> heart metastases were found in 3.2% of autopsied patients with known colorectal carcinoma.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Preoperative differential diagnosis of cardiac masses is not always easy or possible, even with advanced propaedeutic facilities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Echocardiography is usually the first tool used for the diagnosis of cardiac tumors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> CT scans and CMR are important to provide anatomic information and to visualize infiltration or extension of the tumor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> In many patients, the precise diagnosis is only confirmed after anatomopathological examination of the surgically removed sample. When the lesion is in the atrium and/or the right ventricle, endomyocardial biopsy may be attempted. However, it does not always allow definitive diagnosis, especially due to the difficulty in obtaining representative portions of the lesion. In the present case, the preoperative diagnosis by endomyocardial biopsy could be possible only if a fragment like that showed in the <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 4A</xref> could be obtained. The extensive tumor necrosis, especially in the superficial portions of the fragments, make the sampling of cells and neoplastic glands by endomyocardial biopsy less attainable.</p>
        <p>The incidence of colorectal and other malignancies has been increasing in recent years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> With better cancer treatments and longer patient's survival, cardiac metastases are expected to increase. In this setting, medical staff will be faced with the decision as to perform or not a surgery, for diagnosis or for palliation and improvement of the patient's hemodynamics.</p>
        <p>Screening for cardiac metastases is not currently recommended for patients with malignancies. However, oncologic patients presenting with cardiopulmonary symptoms should be evaluated for secondary cardiac implants.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Possible benefits from cardiac surgery may be counterbalanced by perioperative morbimortality<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> and patients, cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, and oncologists should be involved in making the final decision about the best treatment in each specific scenario.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Despite of all the strategies, the median overall survival for patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer who receive best supportive care alone is approximately five to six months. In general, patients with cardiac metastases have a 5-year survival rate of only 7%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> With the improvement of early detection, development of modern diagnostic tools, advances in chemotherapeutic regimens and radiation techniques and refinement of preoperative care, cancer patient survival is expected to increase.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <p>
            <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais under the protocol number CLM-78-2021. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <sec sec-type="materials">
        <title>*Supplemental Materials</title>
        <p>For additional information, please click here.</p>
      </sec>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
