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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">RNp3DqPjhynWb4VydzYkKWz</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022001300910</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220795</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220795</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Focando no Ventr&#237;culo Direito na S&#237;ndrome PRKAG2</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6408-4667</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">St Bartholomew&#8217;s Hospital</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Barts Heart Centre</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Londres</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="GB">Reino Unido</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew&#8217;s Hospital, Londres - Reino Unido</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">University College London</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Institute of Cardiovascular Science</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Londres</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="GB">Reino Unido</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Londres - Reino Unido</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Lu&#237;s Rocha Lopes</bold> &#8226; Barts Health NHS Trust - Barts Heart Centre - West Smithfield London E1 1RD Reino Unido da Gr&#227;-Bretanha e Irlanda do Norte. E-mail: <email>luis.lopes.10@ucl.ac.uk</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>19</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>910</fpage>
      <lpage>911</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome PRKAG2</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertrofia Ventricular Direita</kwd>
        <kwd>Deforma&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Volume Sist&#243;lico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="8"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O gene PRKAG2 codifica a subunidade reguladora gama 2 da prote&#237;na quinase ativada por monofosfato de adenosina (AMPK). A AMPK tem um papel central na homeostase da energia celular. A varia&#231;&#227;o patog&#234;nica no PRKAG2 causa uma s&#237;ndrome autoss&#244;mica dominante composta por hipertrofia ventricular, arritmias supraventriculares, pr&#233;-excita&#231;&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fica e anormalidades do sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A base gen&#233;tica desta apresenta&#231;&#227;o sindr&#244;mica foi descoberta em 2001.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Histologicamente h&#225; ac&#250;mulo de glicog&#234;nio no mi&#243;cito, e o padr&#227;o t&#237;pico de hipertrofia &#233; geralmente descrito como biventricular e conc&#234;ntrico, semelhante a outras fenoc&#243;pias metab&#243;licas da cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica (CMH),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> com disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica como outra poss&#237;vel caracter&#237;stica &#8220;red-flag&#8221;. As variantes patog&#234;nicas mais frequentes s&#227;o p.Arg302Gln e p.Asn488Ile.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Devido &#224; raridade da condi&#231;&#227;o, a maioria das publica&#231;&#245;es consiste em pequenas s&#233;ries de casos ou relatos de casos, com poucas exce&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Nenhuma das publica&#231;&#245;es anteriores relata especificamente os achados de imagem do ventr&#237;culo direito nessa condi&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Expandindo seu trabalho anterior, onde os achados de ecocardiografia 3D e imagem de strain do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo foram descritos em uma coorte de 30 pacientes com s&#237;ndrome PRKAG2,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Pena et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> fornecem um breve relat&#243;rio com foco no ventr&#237;culo direito (VD), usando a mesma coorte, na edi&#231;&#227;o atual desta Revista.</p>
    <p>Achados relevantes incluem uma alta preval&#234;ncia de hipertrofia do VD (presente em 27 de 30 pacientes), uma redu&#231;&#227;o mais significativa do strain basal do ventr&#237;culo direito em compara&#231;&#227;o com os segmentos m&#233;dio e apical e uma fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do VD anormalmente baixa em 17 pacientes (que &#233; inferior a 35% em 7). &#201; importante ressaltar que apenas 4 pacientes apresentaram aumento das press&#245;es sist&#243;licas da art&#233;ria pulmonar, portanto, n&#227;o parece que as anormalidades do VD sejam secund&#225;rias ao aumento das press&#245;es de enchimento &#224; esquerda. Os achados esperados inclu&#237;am pacientes com marca-passo com pior fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do VD e pior deforma&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e uma correla&#231;&#227;o entre o strain ventricular direito e a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Esses achados confirmam a impress&#227;o de hipertrofia biventricular como caracter&#237;stica dessa condi&#231;&#227;o, em comum com outras doen&#231;as metab&#243;licas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> O estudo tamb&#233;m mostrou alta preval&#234;ncia de disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica do VD, com consequ&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas e progn&#243;sticas potencialmente significativas. Investiga&#231;&#245;es anteriores mostraram que a hipertrofia do VD na CMH foi correlacionada com um escore de risco de morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca calculado aumentado e independentemente relacionado &#224; presen&#231;a de arritmias ventriculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> O pr&#243;ximo passo relevante ser&#225; a investiga&#231;&#227;o do impacto cl&#237;nico desse envolvimento do VD em termos de desfechos na s&#237;ndrome PRKAG2.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Acometimento do Ventr&#237;culo Direito na Cardiomiopatia por Dep&#243;sito de Glicog&#234;nio (PRKAG2): An&#225;lise Ecocardiogr&#225;fica Convencional e Avan&#231;ada</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <fpage>1329</fpage>
          <lpage>1338</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.echo.2015.07.015</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Rosca M, Calin A, Beladan CC, Enache R, Mateescu AD, Gurzun MM, et al. Remodela&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita, seus correlatos e seu impacto cl&#237;nico na cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica. J Am Soc Ecocardiogr. 2015;28(11):1329-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2015.07.015</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Focusing on the Right Ventricle in PRKAG2 Syndrome</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6408-4667</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">London</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="GB">United Kingdom</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew&#8217;s Hospital, London - United Kingdom</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">London</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="GB">United Kingdom</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London - United Kingdom</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Lu&#237;s Rocha Lopes</bold> &#8226; Barts Health NHS Trust - Barts Heart Centre - West Smithfield London E1 1RD Reino Unido da Gr&#227;-Bretanha e Irlanda do Norte. E-mail: <email>luis.lopes.10@ucl.ac.uk</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>PRKAG2 Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertrophy</kwd>
        <kwd>Right Ventricle</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Deformability</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke Volume</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The <italic>PRKAG2</italic> gene encodes the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gamma 2 regulatory subunit. AMPK has a central role in cellular energy homeostasis. Pathogenic variation in <italic>PRKAG2</italic> causes an autosomal dominant syndrome comprising ventricular hypertrophy, supraventricular arrhythmias, electrocardiographic pre-excitation and conduction system abnormalities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The genetic background of this syndromic presentation was discovered in 2001.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup>. Histologically there is myocyte glycogen accumulation, and the typical pattern of hypertrophy is usually described as biventricular and concentric, similar to other metabolic phenocopies of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> with systolic dysfunction as another possible &#8220;red-flag&#8221; feature. The more frequent pathogenic variants are p.Arg302Gln and p.Asn488Ile.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Due to the condition&#8217;s rarity, most publications consist of small case series or case reports, with few exceptions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup>. None of the previous publications specifically report right ventricular imaging findings in this condition.</p>
      <p>Expanding on their previous work, where 3D echocardiography and strain imaging findings of the left ventricle were described in a cohort of 30 patients with PRKAG2 syndrome,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Pena et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> provide a short report focusing on the right ventricle (RV), using the same cohort, in the current edition of this Journal.</p>
      <p>Relevant findings include a high prevalence of RV hypertrophy (present in 27 out of 30 patients), a more significant basal right ventricular stain reduction compared to mid and apical segments, and an abnormally low RV ejection fraction in 17 patients (which is below 35% in 7). Importantly, only 4 patients had increased pulmonary artery systolic pressures, so it does not seem that the RV abnormalities are secondary to increased filling pressures from the left. Expected findings included patients with pacemakers having worse RV ejection fraction and poorer myocardial deformation and a correlation between right ventricular strain and ejection fraction.</p>
      <p>These findings confirm the impression of biventricular hypertrophy as a characteristic feature of this condition, in common with other metabolic diseases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> The study also showed a high prevalence of RV systolic dysfunction, with potentially significant clinical and prognostic consequences. Previous investigations have shown that RV hypertrophy in HCM was correlated with an increased calculated sudden cardiac death risk score and independently related to the presence of ventricular arrhythmias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The relevant next step will be an investigation of the clinical impact of this RV involvement in terms of outcomes in the PRKAG2 syndrome.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short editorial related to the article: Right Ventricle Involvement by Glycogen Storage Cardiomyopathy (PRKAG2): Standard and Advanced Echocardiography Analyses</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
