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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">tfD8bz8mJkRvky6T8gTq7Cb</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022001100813</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220145</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220145</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>An&#225;lise da Raz&#227;o Neutr&#243;filo-Linf&#243;cito como Marcador de Aterosclerose da Aorta Abdominal</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2102-7563</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Victor Domiciano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5712-2111</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mendes</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9679-5287</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Johnnatas Mikael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Paulo Afonso</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco &#8211; Colegiado de Medicina, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco &#8211; Avenida da Amizade, s/n. CEP <postal-code>48605-780</postal-code>, Bairro Sal Torrado, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>813</fpage>
      <lpage>814</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Aterosclerose</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarcadores</kwd>
        <kwd>Linf&#243;citos</kwd>
        <kwd>Neutr&#243;filos</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Aorta</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="6"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>Caro Editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Lemos com grande interesse o artigo: <italic>Raz&#227;o Neutr&#243;filo-Linf&#243;cito e Aterosclerose da Aorta Abdominal entre Indiv&#237;duos Assintom&#225;ticos</italic> que avaliou se a raz&#227;o neutr&#243;filo-linf&#243;cito (RNL) poderia estar associada a aterosclerose da aorta abdominal (AtAA). Foi demonstrada uma associa&#231;&#227;o positiva entre o aumento da RNL e AtAA ao comparar portadores com n&#227;o portadores da doen&#231;a. Entretanto, ao se ajustar a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica para idade e fatores de risco, essa associa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o permaneceu verdadeira.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Est&#225; melhor estabelecido na literatura que a RNL est&#225; associada a fase aguda da aterosclerose coronariana. Al&#233;m disso, &#233; sabido que o aumento do n&#250;mero de neutr&#243;filos presentes na parede da aorta &#233; significativamente maior nas placas inst&#225;veis, rotas e/ou recentes quando comparado aos ateromas est&#225;veis fibr&#243;ticos. Estes &#250;ltimos apresentam redu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o somente do n&#250;mero de neutr&#243;filos, como tamb&#233;m de c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas e natural killer (NK).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A ado&#231;&#227;o da ultrassonografia convencional apresenta sensibilidade de 62% para detec&#231;&#227;o de oclus&#245;es arteriais com volume inferior a 8mm<sup>4</sup> e apenas 25% de sensibilidade para placas carot&#237;deas inst&#225;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Tal t&#233;cnica pode ter influenciado o resultado do estudo, haja vista que placas recentes em crescimento e placas inst&#225;veis n&#227;o calcificadas podem n&#227;o ter sido identificadas. Uma poss&#237;vel solu&#231;&#227;o teria sido adotar outro m&#233;todo de triagem. A elastografia em tempo real apresenta uma sensibilidade de 50% para a detec&#231;&#227;o das mesmas placas inst&#225;veis, ou a associa&#231;&#227;o de ambos os m&#233;todos &#8211; o que teria aumentado a sensibilidade para 62,5%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A ado&#231;&#227;o de um m&#233;todo mais sens&#237;vel de triagem poderia n&#227;o apenas identificar um n&#250;mero maior de pacientes com processo ateroscler&#243;tico em curso, como tamb&#233;m detectaria ateromas recentes e/ou inst&#225;veis em maior n&#250;mero, o que alteraria de forma significativa a estat&#237;stica final.</p>
    <p>A aterosclerose pode acometer diferentes territ&#243;rios vasculares com preval&#234;ncias distintas. Mesmo os fatores confundidores bem destacados, deve-se notar a alta preval&#234;ncia dessa doen&#231;a em outras art&#233;rias, al&#233;m da aorta, em indiv&#237;duos mais velhos. Pode-se questionar a possibilidade dos pacientes de idade avan&#231;ada do grupo controle, aos quais a estat&#237;stica foi ajustada para idade, apresentarem processo ateroscler&#243;tico para al&#233;m da aorta abdominal. Este fator de confus&#227;o poderia ser evitado com a investiga&#231;&#227;o da presen&#231;a de aterosclerose em outras art&#233;rias, entrando como crit&#233;rio de exclus&#227;o, ou que a RNL fosse abordada como um poss&#237;vel preditor de aterosclerose sist&#234;mica e n&#227;o apenas da aorta abdominal.</p>
    <p>Por fim, a propor&#231;&#227;o de sexo masculino nos quintis de RNL na tabela 1 &#233; epidemiologicamente semelhante assim como entre aqueles com/sem aterosclerose na tabela 2. Como a amostra n&#227;o foi selecionada aleatoriamente, isso pode retratar apenas um maior acesso ao exame preventivo pelo sexo masculino. O que ocorre tamb&#233;m com a vari&#225;vel tabagismo atual. Soma-se a isso estat&#237;sticas anal&#237;ticas ausentes da modelagem multivariada como indicadores de qualidade dos modelos ajustados que impedem uma interpreta&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica do leitor quanto a validade associativa informada. Estimativa de risco dos ajustes tamb&#233;m melhoraria a interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos modelos. Al&#233;m disso, em estudos com dados de desfecho (aterosclerose) e independentes (RNL) coletados ao mesmo tempo (desenho transversal), o uso de regress&#245;es log&#237;sticas superdimensiona os estimadores intervalares como o IC95%, podendo ter ocorrido nos modelos 1 e 2. A melhor indica&#231;&#227;o nestas an&#225;lises s&#227;o as regress&#245;es de Poisson ou Cox adaptada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta-resposta</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bittencourt</surname>
            <given-names>Marcio Sommer</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Gostar&#237;amos de agradecer pelos coment&#225;rios a respeito do nosso artigo. Como deixamos claro em nosso artigo, o objetivo foi investigar a associa&#231;&#227;o da raz&#227;o neutr&#243;filo-linf&#243;cito com aterosclerose de aorta abdominal em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">1</xref></sup> Apesar de a rela&#231;&#227;o ter sido mais comumente descrita em quadros de instabilidade de placa, publica&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;vias reportam seu aumento em associa&#231;&#227;o com doen&#231;a coronariana est&#225;vel.</p>
      <p>Como apontado, tamb&#233;m reconhecemos que a ultrassonografia abdominal tem limita&#231;&#245;es na avalia&#231;&#227;o da aterosclerose de aorta. No entanto, devido &#224; rotina de investiga&#231;&#227;o de rastreamento de pacientes assintom&#225;ticos, particularmente em grandes bancos de dados como o de nosso recente estudo, este &#233; o &#250;nico m&#233;todo que pode ser utilizado em larga escala com baixo custo e risco para os pacientes.</p>
      <p>Quanto &#224; modelagem proposta na carta, discordamos do ponto de vista dos autores da carta. Modelos de Cox s&#227;o modelos de sobrevida e somente podem ser utilizados com vari&#225;veis com tempo at&#233; o desfecho. No caso de coletas simult&#226;neas, n&#227;o h&#225; tempo at&#233; o evento e a modelagem recomendada para desfechos bin&#225;rios &#233; a realizada com regress&#227;o log&#237;stica. A refer&#234;ncia citada discute sobre estimativa de preval&#234;ncia, o que n&#227;o foi realizado em nosso estudo.</p>
      <p>A despeito das adequadas cr&#237;ticas propostas, acreditamos que nosso estudo fornece informa&#231;&#245;es inovadoras que contribuem para o conhecimento cient&#237;fico na &#225;rea.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ref-list>
        <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
        <ref id="B6">
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  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S02" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Analysis of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Marker of Atherosclerosis of the Abdominal Aorta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2102-7563</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Victor Domiciano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5712-2111</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mendes</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9679-5287</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Johnnatas Mikael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Paulo Afonso</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco &#8211; Colegiado de Medicina, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco &#8211; Avenida da Amizade, s/n. Postal Code <postal-code>48605-780</postal-code>, Bairro Sal Torrado, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Atherosclerosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarkers</kwd>
        <kwd>Lymphocytes</kwd>
        <kwd>Neutrophils</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Aorta</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>Dear Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We read with great interest the article: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Abdominal Aortic Atherosclerosis among Asymptomatic Individuals, which evaluated whether the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NRL) could be associated with abdominal aortic atherosclerosis (AtAA). A positive association between the increase in NLR and AtAA was demonstrated when comparing carriers and non-carriers of the disease. However, when adjusting the statistical analysis for age and risk factors, this association did not remain true.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It is better established in the literature that NLR is associated with the acute phase of coronary atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it is known that the increase in the number of neutrophils present in the aortic wall is significantly greater in unstable, ruptured and/or recent plaques when compared to stable fibrotic atheromas. The latter show a reduction not only in the number of neutrophils but also in dendritic and natural killer (NK) cells.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The adoption of conventional ultrasonography has a sensitivity of 62% for detecting arterial occlusions with a volume of less than 8mm<sup>4</sup> and only 25% sensitivity for unstable carotid plaques.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Such a technique may have influenced the study's results, given that newly growing plaques and unstable, non-calcified plaques may not have been identified. A possible solution would have been to adopt another screening method. Real-time elastography has a sensitivity of 50% for the detection of the same unstable plaques or the combination of both methods - which would have increased the sensitivity to 62.5%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Adopting a more sensitive screening method could not only identify a greater number of patients with an ongoing atherosclerotic process but also detect more recent and/or unstable atheromas, which would significantly alter the final statistics.</p>
      <p>Atherosclerosis can affect different vascular territories with different prevalence. Even though confounding factors are well highlighted, the high prevalence of this disease in other arteries, in addition to the aorta, in older individuals should be noted. One may question the possibility that elderly patients in the control group, whose statistics were adjusted for age, have an atherosclerotic process beyond the abdominal aorta. This confounding factor could be avoided by investigating the presence of atherosclerosis in other arteries, entering as an exclusion criterion, or approaching the LNR as a possible predictor of systemic atherosclerosis and not only of the abdominal aorta.</p>
      <p>Finally, the proportion of males in the NLR quintiles in Table 1 is epidemiologically similar to those with/without atherosclerosis in Table 2. As the sample was not randomly selected, this may only portray greater access to preventive examination by males. This also occurs with the current smoking variable. Added to this are analytical statistics absent from multivariate modeling as indicators of the quality of the fitted models that prevent a critical interpretation by the reader regarding the reported associative validity. Risk estimation of the adjustments would also improve the interpretation of the models. In addition, in studies with the outcome (atherosclerosis) and independent (NLR) data collected at the same time (cross-sectional design), the use of logistic regressions overestimates interval estimators such as the 95%CI, which may have occurred in models 1 and 2. The best indication in these analyses is the adapted Poisson or Cox regressions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="S03" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Reply</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reply</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bittencourt</surname>
            <given-names>Marcio Sommer</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>We would like to express our gratitude for the comments regarding our article. As stated in our article, the objective was to investigate the association of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with abdominal aortic atherosclerosis in asymptomatic patients. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">1</xref></sup> Although this association has been more frequently described in cases of plaque instability, previous publications have reported its increase in association with stable coronary disease.</p>
      <p>As indicated, we also recognize that abdominal ultrasound has limitations in the assessment of aortic atherosclerosis. However, due to the investigation routine for screening asymptomatic patients, especially in large databases such as that of our recent study, this was the only method that could be used on a large scale with low cost and low risk to patients.</p>
      <p>With respect to the model proposed in the letter, we disagree with the point of view of the authors of the letter. Cox models are survival models, and they can only be used with time-to-outcome variables. In the case of simultaneous collection, there is no time to event, and the model recommended for binary outcomes is the one with logistic regression. The cited reference discusses the prevalence estimate, which was not performed in our study.</p>
      <p>Notwithstanding the relevant points of criticism raised, we believe that our study provides innovative information that contributes to scientific knowledge in the area.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
