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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">7PxHYCRLZCXwMphBL9DdDYv</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022001100754</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220695</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220695</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Encaminhamento de Angina Refrat&#225;ria para Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular: Um Paciente Negligenciado</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3688-2108</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Milani</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7062-2708</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Milani</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana Goulart Prata Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6323-7003</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cipriano</surname>
            <given-names>Gerson</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Bras&#237;lia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias e Tecnologias da Sa&#250;de, Universidade de Bras&#237;lia (UnB), Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Fitcordis Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Fitcordis Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Bras&#237;lia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de Ci&#234;ncias da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o, Universidade de Bras&#237;lia (UnB), Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Mauricio Milani</bold> &#8226; Cl&#237;nica Fitcordis Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio - SGAS 915, Advance, sala 16 S2. CEP <postal-code>70.390-150</postal-code>, Asa Sul, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brasil. E-mail: <email>milani@medicinadoexercicio.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>754</fpage>
      <lpage>755</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica/tratamento farmacol&#243;gico</kwd>
        <kwd>Angina Est&#225;vel</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular (RC) &#233; um tratamento eficaz e seguro para pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) est&#225;vel,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> com benef&#237;cios estabelecidos para melhorar a qualidade de vida e reduzir a mortalidade cardiovascular e a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Os efeitos da RC na redu&#231;&#227;o da isquemia mioc&#225;rdica t&#234;m sido documentados,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> justificando a sua recomenda&#231;&#227;o Classe IA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> No entanto, a RC ainda &#233; negligenciada e subutilizada em todo o mundo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A angina refrat&#225;ria (AR) &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o incapacitante que afeta pacientes com DAC sob terapia medicamentosa otimizada, com carga isqu&#234;mica residual por mais de tr&#234;s meses e ineleg&#237;veis para interven&#231;&#245;es de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o. A AR est&#225; associada &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de vida, limita&#231;&#227;o ao exerc&#237;cio e dist&#250;rbios biopsicossociais. Idealmente, o manejo cl&#237;nico deve ser orientado por centros especializados com o objetivo de otimizar m&#250;ltiplas terapias farmacol&#243;gicas e avaliar op&#231;&#245;es de interven&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Nesse contexto, a RC abrangente &#233; um tratamento valioso para a AR, considerando sua abordagem multidisciplinar, incluindo gerenciamento de fatores de risco, apoio psicol&#243;gico e treinamento f&#237;sico,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> embora estes &#250;ltimos possuam evid&#234;ncias limitadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>H&#225; uma d&#233;cada, Asbury et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> demonstraram em um estudo piloto controlado randomizado os benef&#237;cios de uma RC na melhora da capacidade f&#237;sica, sem comprometer dor com&#243;rbida, angina ou risco de um evento adverso grave em 42 pacientes com AR. No entanto, neste estudo, a capacidade f&#237;sica foi avaliada pelo teste Shuttle Walk, e a prescri&#231;&#227;o da intensidade do exerc&#237;cio (60-75% da reserva de frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca prevista para a idade ou 40-60% se insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca) foi diferente da recomenda&#231;&#227;o das diretrizes atuais,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> ressaltando a necessidade de estudos na &#225;rea.</p>
    <p>Apesar dos potenciais benef&#237;cios, os pacientes com AR geralmente n&#227;o s&#227;o encaminhados para RC devido &#224; apreens&#227;o de eventos adversos durante o exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> principalmente relacionados ao desencadeamento de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica durante o treinamento f&#237;sico. Por outro lado, Noel et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> demonstraram que o treinamento isqu&#234;mico prolongado e repetido pode ser bem tolerado sem evid&#234;ncia de les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, arritmias significativas ou disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda. No entanto, este estudo n&#227;o se concentrou na AR, mas em 22 pacientes com DAC. Da mesma forma, a real preval&#234;ncia de desencadeamento de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica durante uma sess&#227;o de RC pode estar subestimada, pois alguns estudos j&#225; demonstraram uma preval&#234;ncia de 54 a 81% de isquemia cintilogr&#225;fica silenciosa durante o treinamento f&#237;sico em pacientes com DAC com carga de isquemia residual, embora sem eventos adversos secund&#225;rios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesse contexto, &#233; importante destacar os achados do estudo intitulado &#8220;A les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica ocorre ap&#243;s uma sess&#227;o aguda de exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bico em pacientes com angina refrat&#225;ria?&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de uma sess&#227;o aguda de exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bico nos n&#237;veis de Troponina T card&#237;aca de alta sensibilidade (hs-cTnT) em 32 pacientes com AR com classe funcional (CCS) acima de II e isquemia mioc&#225;rdica documentada por ecocardiograma de estresse. Neste estudo, a intensidade do exerc&#237;cio foi determinada de acordo com um teste de exerc&#237;cio cardiopulmonar pr&#233;vio (TECP), um m&#233;todo padr&#227;o-ouro para prescri&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> A sess&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio foi realizada em esteira rolante com intensidade de exerc&#237;cio monitorada pela frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de acordo com o primeiro limiar ventilat&#243;rio ou limiar de angina. Uma dor de angina de at&#233; 3 em uma escala de 0-10 (leve a moderada) foi permitida durante o treinamento de exerc&#237;cio agudo, e os n&#237;veis de hs-cTnT foram determinados 3 horas ap&#243;s a sess&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O principal achado do estudo foi que as dosagens de hs-cTnT n&#227;o revelaram diferen&#231;as significativas antes e ap&#243;s uma sess&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio, embora 53,1% dos pacientes tenham apresentado sintomas de angina durante o exerc&#237;cio, mas sem altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas. Al&#233;m disso, n&#227;o houve eventos adversos ao longo do estudo, e os autores conclu&#237;ram que o protocolo de exerc&#237;cios era seguro para pacientes com AR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Embora estimulante e extremamente promissora, a conclus&#227;o foi baseada em uma &#250;nica sess&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio de um estudo cl&#237;nico n&#227;o randomizado e n&#227;o controlado,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> destacando mais uma vez a demanda por mais pesquisas sobre o tema. Os autores podem ter dados adicionais a serem publicados no futuro, pois o estudo est&#225; registrado no <italic>Clinical Trials</italic> (NCT03218891) como intervencionista. Estamos ansiosos por esses pr&#243;ximos resultados para permitir o aumento da recomenda&#231;&#227;o e o n&#237;vel de evid&#234;ncia de RC em pacientes com AR em futuras diretrizes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>At&#233; ent&#227;o, a seguran&#231;a da RC demonstrada por este estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> e a seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia preliminares demonstradas por Asbury et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> devem ser refor&#231;ados, estimulando a indica&#231;&#227;o de RC para pacientes com angina refrat&#225;ria, visando os potenciais benef&#237;cios j&#225; demonstrados no amplo espectro da DAC, revertendo o encaminhamento anteriormente negligenciado.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Ocorre Les&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica ap&#243;s uma Sess&#227;o de Exerc&#237;cio Aer&#243;bico Agudo em Pacientes com Angina Refrat&#225;ria?</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Refractory Angina Referral to Cardiovascular Rehabilitation: A Neglected Patient</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3688-2108</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Milani</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7062-2708</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Milani</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana Goulart Prata Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6323-7003</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cipriano</surname>
            <given-names>Gerson</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias e Tecnologias da Sa&#250;de, Universidade de Bras&#237;lia (UnB), Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Fitcordis de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de Ci&#234;ncias da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o, Universidade de Bras&#237;lia (UnB), Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Mauricio Milani &#8226;</bold> Cl&#237;nica Fitcordis Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio - SGAS 915, Advance, sala 16 S2. Postal Code <postal-code>70.390-150</postal-code>, Asa Sul, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brazil. E-mail: <email>milani@medicinadoexercicio.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Ischemia/drug therapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Angina, Stable</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is an effective and safe treatment for stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> with established benefits to improving quality of life and reducing cardiovascular mortality and hospital admission.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The effects of CR on reducing myocardial ischemia have been documented,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> justifying the CR Class IA recommendation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> However, CR is still neglected and underused worldwide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Refractory angina (RA) is a disabling condition affecting CAD patients under optimized medical therapy with a residual ischemic burden for more than three months who are ineligible for revascularization interventions. RA is associated with reduced quality of life, exercise limitation, and biopsychosocial disorders. Ideally, clinical management should be guided by specialized centers aiming to optimize multiple pharmacologic therapies and evaluated interventional options.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> In this context, comprehensive CR is a valuable treatment for RA considering its multi-component approach, including risk factor management, psychological support, and exercise training,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> although the latter possess limited evidence.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A decade ago, Asbury et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> demonstrated in a randomized controlled pilot study the benefits of a CR in improving physical ability without compromising comorbid pain, angina, or risk of a severe adverse event in 42 RA patients. However, in this study, the physical capacity was assessed by the Shuttle Walk test, and the exercise intensity prescription (60-75% of age-predicted heart rate reserve or 40-60% if heart failure) was different from the current guidelines recommendation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> stressing the necessity for studies in the area.</p>
      <p>Despite the potential benefits, patients with RA are generally not referred to CR due to apprehension of adverse events during physical exercises,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> mainly related to myocardial ischemia triggering during exercise training. Conversely, Noel et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> demonstrated that prolonged and repeated ischemic training could be well tolerated without evidence of myocardial injury, significant arrhythmias, or left ventricular dysfunction. However, this study focused not on RA but 22 CAD patients. Likewise, the actual prevalence of myocardial ischemia triggering during a CR session might be underestimated since some studies have already demonstrated a 54 to 81% prevalence of silent scintigraphic ischemia during exercise training in CAD patients with residual ischemia burden, although with no secondary adverse events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this context, it is important to highlight the findings from the study entitled &#8220;Does myocardial injury occur after an acute aerobic exercise session in patients with refractory angina?&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> This study aimed to assess the effect of an acute aerobic exercise session on high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels in 32 patients with RA with functional class (CCS) above II and myocardial ischemia documented by stress echocardiography. In this study, the exercise intensity was determined according to a previous cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), a gold-standard method for exercise prescription.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The exercise session was performed on a treadmill with exercise intensity monitored by heart rate according to the first ventilatory threshold or the angina threshold. An angina pain up to 3 on a 0-10 scale (mild to moderate) was allowed during the acute exercise training, and the levels of hs-cTnT were determined 3 hours after the session.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The study's main finding was that hs-cTnT dosages did not reveal significant differences before and after an exercise session, although 53.1% of the patients had experienced angina symptoms during the exercise without electrocardiographic changes. Also, there were no adverse events throughout the study, and the authors concluded that exercise protocol was safe for patients with RA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Although exciting and extremely promising, the conclusion was based on a single exercise session of a non-randomized and non-controlled clinical study,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> once again highlighting the demand for further research on this topic. The authors may have additional data to be published in the future, as the study is registered in clinical trials (NCT03218891) as interventional. We are looking forward to these upcoming results to allow the increase of the recommendation and the level of evidence of CR in RA patients in future guidelines.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Until then, the safety of CR demonstrated by this study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> and the preliminary safety and efficacy shown by Asbury et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> must be reinforced, stimulating the indication of CR to refractory angina patients by targeting the potential benefits already demonstrated in the broad spectrum of CAD, reversing the previously neglected referral.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Does Myocardial Injury Occur After an Acute Aerobic Exercise Session in Patients with Refractory Angina?</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
