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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">6jtGF5cvNstCmHsQTBVtYgg</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022001100732</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220676</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220676</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>An&#225;lise de Preval&#234;ncia de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial e a Sa&#250;de Cardiovascular em Coorte Derivada do Projeto ELSA-Brasil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6746-8327</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bianco</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Tria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Henrique Tria Bianco</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina,1 S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil - Rua Loefgren, 1350. CEP <postal-code>04040-001</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>henriquetria@uol.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>732</fpage>
      <lpage>733</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Flutter Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Este interessante estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> de preval&#234;ncia analisou a associa&#231;&#227;o entre a fibrila&#231;&#227;o (FA) e o flutter atrial (FT), com o <italic>status</italic> da sa&#250;de cardiovascular, em coorte derivado do projeto ELSA-BRASIL, em desenho observacional e do tipo transversal. Foram inclu&#237;dos nesta an&#225;lise 13.141 participantes. M&#233;tricas de biomarcadores e dados epidemiol&#243;gicos foram inseridos, com posterior an&#225;lise de associa&#231;&#227;o, em modelo ajustado e em regress&#227;o log&#237;stica para as vari&#225;veis de interesse.</p>
    <p>Os mecanismos de associa&#231;&#227;o entre FA e o risco de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) s&#227;o bem conhecidos. A FA est&#225; associada &#224; estase sangu&#237;nea anormal, que envolve hipocontratilidade atrial, remodela&#231;&#227;o estrutural atrial, ativa&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria e da cascata de coagula&#231;&#227;o, promovendo a forma&#231;&#227;o de trombos e isquemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Desta forma, a FA &#233; preditor independente de doen&#231;as isqu&#234;micas, notadamente o AVC. O risco estimado de FA durante a vida &#233; entre 22% e 26%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> M&#233;tricas para avaliar o impacto desta associa&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o constantemente publicadas em documentos, como as recomenda&#231;&#245;es do Comit&#234; de Metas e M&#233;tricas da For&#231;a-Tarefa de Planejamento Estrat&#233;gico da <italic>American Heart Association</italic>, que desenvolveu estrat&#233;gias de monitoramento cont&#237;nuo e em longo prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Dentro de um conceito generalista, a sa&#250;de cardiovascular deve conter aspectos cl&#237;nicos e comportamentais, como o estilo de vida adequado (n&#227;o fumar, evitar a obesidade), concomitante a corre&#231;&#227;o e adequa&#231;&#227;o de biomarcadores metab&#243;licos, como n&#237;veis de colesterol e triglic&#233;rides; glicemia; e controle adequado da press&#227;o arterial. Desta forma, este comit&#234; prop&#244;s um desafio para o alcance destas metas: &#8220;At&#233; 2020, melhorar a sa&#250;de cardiovascular de todos os americanos em 20%, reduzindo as mortes por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e AVC em 20%&#8221;. Desta forma, a identifica&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos com risco para desenvolver FA &#233; um imperativo cl&#237;nico, pois a modifica&#231;&#227;o de algumas vari&#225;veis pode reduzir a incid&#234;ncia desta afec&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em estudo recentemente publicado, foi demonstrado que, em modelo utilizando &#8220;machine learning&#8221;, usando o eletrocardiograma (ECG) para estimar o risco de FA, foram robustos e validados em v&#225;rias popula&#231;&#245;es utilizando-se de rigorosas m&#233;tricas epidemiol&#243;gicas. A previs&#227;o de FA pode ser realizada pela avalia&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco cl&#237;nicos ou an&#225;lise de ECGs baseada em intelig&#234;ncia artificial. Entretanto, a combina&#231;&#227;o de ambos fornece maior precis&#227;o preditiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No estudo intitulado: Sa&#250;de Cardiovascular e Fibrila&#231;&#227;o ou Flutter Atrial: Um Estudo Transversal do ELSA-Brasil,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> n&#227;o foram observadas associa&#231;&#245;es significativas entre os escores globais (sa&#250;de cardiovascular ideal) e o diagn&#243;stico de FA, pelo menos parcialmente, em virtude de correla&#231;&#245;es antag&#244;nicas com a press&#227;o arterial e com o colesterol total, dados estes extensivamente discutidos neste manuscrito. Este paradoxo entre o colesterol e a FA, foi consistente com dados previamente publicados. Em revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica, Guan et al. apontaram que n&#237;veis elevados de colesterol total (definidos em estudos com pontos de corte entre 220 e 260 mg/dL), estavam associados &#224; FA, [HR 0,81 (IC 95%: 0,72-0,92)]. Na mesma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica, an&#225;lises usando LDL-C em vez de n&#237;veis de colesterol total, produziram resultados semelhantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Entretanto, existem robustas evid&#234;ncias de que estatinas t&#234;m um benef&#237;cio potencial na sa&#250;de incid&#234;ncia de FA ou FT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Desta maneira, m&#233;tricas devem considerar um perfil n&#227;o ideal de sa&#250;de cardiovascular se os pacientes estiveram sob medica&#231;&#227;o hipolipemiante, independentemente de seus n&#237;veis de colesterol total.</p>
    <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; hipertens&#227;o arterial, o presente manuscrito proveniente da coorte ELSA-BRASIL, analisou de forma separada as m&#233;tricas dos escores globais de sa&#250;de. Os autores deste encontraram uma forte e inversa associa&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial com a presen&#231;a de FA. Destacando desta forma, a relev&#226;ncia do controle e do tratamento adequado deste importante fator de risco, em conson&#226;ncia com dados da literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os autores declaram algumas limita&#231;&#245;es que poderiam impactar nos resultados obtidos, como o pequeno n&#250;mero de participantes e sobretudo pela alta propor&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos com menos de 60 anos, havendo poss&#237;vel influ&#234;ncia dos achados de &#8220;n&#227;o associa&#231;&#227;o&#8221; entre o diagn&#243;stico FA e os escores de sa&#250;de global avaliados.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Sa&#250;de Cardiovascular e Fibrila&#231;&#227;o ou Flutter Atrial: Um Estudo Transversal do ELSA-Brasil</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Analysis of Atrial Fibrillation Prevalence and Cardiovascular Health in Cohort Derived from the ELSA-Brasil Project</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6746-8327</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bianco</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Tria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Henrique Tria Bianco</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina,1 S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil - Rua Loefgren, 1350. Postal Code <postal-code>04040-001</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>henriquetria@uol.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Flutter</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>This interesting study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> of prevalence analyzed the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) with cardiovascular health status, in a cohort derived from the ELSA-BRASIL project, in an observational, cross-sectional design. A total of 13,141 participants were included in this analysis. Biomarker metrics and epidemiological data were entered with subsequent association analysis in an adjusted model and logistic regression for the variables of interest.</p>
      <p>The mechanisms of association between AF and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) risk are well known. AF is associated with abnormal blood stasis that involves atrial hypocontractility, atrial structural remodeling, platelet activation and the coagulation cascade, promoting thrombus formation and ischemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Thus, AF is an independent predictor of ischemic diseases, notably stroke. The estimated lifetime risk of AF is between 22% and 26%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Metrics to assess the impact of this association are constantly published in documents, such as the recommendations of the American Heart Association Strategic Planning Task Force Goals and Metrics Committee, which developed continuous and long-term monitoring strategies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Within a general concept, cardiovascular health must contain clinical and behavioral aspects, such as an adequate lifestyle (no smoking, avoiding obesity), concomitant with the correction and adequacy of metabolic biomarkers, such as cholesterol and triglyceride levels; blood glucose; and adequate blood pressure control. Thus, this committee proposed a challenge to reach these goals: &#8220;By 2020, improve the cardiovascular health of all Americans by 20%, reducing deaths from cardiovascular disease and stroke by 20%&#8221;. So, identifying individuals at risk for developing AF is a clinical imperative, as modifying some variables can reduce the incidence of this condition.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In a recently published study, it was demonstrated that, in a model using &#8220;machine learning&#8221;, using the electrocardiogram (ECG) to estimate the risk of AF, they were robust and validated in several populations using rigorous epidemiological metrics. AF can be predicted by assessing clinical risk factors or analyzing ECGs based on artificial intelligence. However, the combination of both provides greater predictive accuracy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the study entitled: Cardiovascular health and atrial fibrillation or flutter: A cross-sectional study from ELSA-Brasil,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> no significant associations were observed between global scores (ideal cardiovascular health) and the diagnosis of AF, at least partially due to antagonistic correlations with blood pressure and total cholesterol, data which are extensively discussed in this manuscript. This paradox between cholesterol and AF was consistent with previously published data. In a systematic review, Guan et al. pointed out that high levels of total cholesterol (defined in studies with cut-off points between 220 and 260 mg/dL) were associated with AF [HR 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72-0.92)]. In the same systematic review, analyses using LDL-C rather than total cholesterol levels produced similar results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> However, there is robust evidence that statins have a potential health benefit in the incidence of AF or AFL.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Therefore, metrics should consider a non-ideal cardiovascular health profile if patients were on lipid-lowering medication, regardless of their total cholesterol levels.</p>
      <p>Regarding arterial hypertension, the present manuscript from the ELSA-BRASIL cohort analyzed the metrics of global health scores separately. The authors of this study found a strong and inverse association between blood pressure with the presence of AF. Thus, highlighting the relevance of control and adequate treatment of this important risk factor, in line with data in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The authors state some limitations that could impact the results obtained, such as the small number of participants and, above all, the high proportion of individuals under 60 years, with a possible influence of the findings of &#8220;non-association&#8221; between the AF diagnosis and the assessed global health scores.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Cardiovascular Health and Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter: A Cross-Sectional Study from ELSA-Brasil</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
