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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">f7FSkGSkFbVX9NW6wjm5jQK</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022001100722</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220703</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220703</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Efeitos Anti-inflamat&#243;rios e Cardioprotetores do HDL-C: Associa&#231;&#227;o com Autoanticorpos contra LDL Oxidada?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Est&#234;v&#227;o Lanna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0570-4368</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Orizonti</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Orizonti, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Ricardo Wang</bold> &#8226; Rua Jos&#233; do Patroc&#237;nio Pontes, 1355. CEP <postal-code>30210-090</postal-code>, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>rwang@terra.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>722</fpage>
      <lpage>723</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Aterosclerose</kwd>
        <kwd>HDL-Colesterol</kwd>
        <kwd>Lipoprote&#237;nas-HDL</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O ac&#250;mulo de lipoprote&#237;nas contendo apolipoprote&#237;na B (ApoB), principalmente lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade (LDL), na &#237;ntima arterial tem sido atribu&#237;do a um dos passos iniciais da aterog&#234;nese.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Em outros estudos, a LDL oxidada e os macr&#243;fagos s&#227;o os principais fatores patog&#234;nicos para o desenvolvimento da aterosclerose.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Por sua vez, h&#225; evid&#234;ncias crescentes do papel protetor de autoanticorpos contra LDL oxidada (oxLDL-AboxLDL-Ab na aterog&#234;nese, fato que pode ser potencializado pela lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade (HDL).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Neste volume dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Nunez et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> avaliaram a hip&#243;tese de que indiv&#237;duos com n&#237;veis mais altos de HDL-C apresentariam n&#237;veis elevados de oxLDL-Ab. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que incluiu 193 indiv&#237;duos consecutivos saud&#225;veis &#8805; 18 anos e excluiu pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC), acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), causas secund&#225;rias de eleva&#231;&#227;o ou redu&#231;&#227;o do HDL, uso de hipolipemiantes, alcoolismo e tabagismo. Os indiv&#237;duos foram submetidos a exame f&#237;sico detalhado, medidas da press&#227;o arterial e ultrassonografia de car&#243;tidas, al&#233;m de an&#225;lises bioqu&#237;micas de sangue perif&#233;rico. Dividiu-se os participantes em tercis, de acordo com os n&#237;veis de HDL-C: baixo (&lt; 68mg/dL: n = 59); intermedi&#225;rio (68-80 mg/dL: n= 71) e alto (&gt; 80 mg/dL: n =63).</p>
    <p>Quando comparado ao tercil mais baixo de HDL-C, o tercil mais alto apresentava mais mulheres, idades mais avan&#231;adas e maior concentra&#231;&#227;o de colesterol. As atividades da lipase hep&#225;tica (LH) e da prote&#237;na de transfer&#234;ncia de &#233;ster de colesterol (CETP) estavam reduzidas; e LH e a prote&#237;na de transfer&#234;ncia de fosfol&#237;pides (PLTP) aumentaram no tercil mais alto de HDL-C em compara&#231;&#227;o ao tercil mais baixo. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as significativas nos n&#237;veis da prote&#237;na C reativa de alta sensibilidade (hsCRP) e do fator de necrose tumoral (TNF&#945;). Entretanto, os n&#237;veis de oxLDL-Ab foram significativamente maiores no grupo com HDL-C alta, em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo com HDL-C baixa. A an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o linear revelou que os n&#237;veis de OxLDL-Ab foram influenciados pela idade, HDL-C, tercis de HDL-C, HDL-3C e ApoAI. Na an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o ajustada, apenas HDL-C e ApoAI relacionaram-se independentemente aos n&#237;veis de oxLDL-Ab.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A aterosclerose &#233; uma doen&#231;a inflamat&#243;ria cr&#244;nica da parede arterial, caracterizada pela forma&#231;&#227;o de placas contendo lip&#237;dios, tecido conjuntivo e c&#233;lulas imunol&#243;gicas na &#237;ntima das art&#233;rias. A LDL oxidada seria um gatilho para ativar esta resposta imune.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> O estudo CANTOS comprovou, pela primeira vez, que o tratamento anti-inflamat&#243;rio (no caso, com o anticorpo contra interleucina IL-1&#946;) reduziu desfechos cl&#237;nicos em pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Subsequentemente, os efeitos anti-inflamat&#243;rios da colchicina reduziram eventos em pacientes com IAM<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> ou DAC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No estudo de Nunez et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> os autores observaram correla&#231;&#227;o positiva e independente entre os n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos da HDL-C e ox-LDL-Ab. Isto est&#225; em concord&#226;ncia com a hip&#243;tese de que a HDL modularia a imunidade humoral da placa ateroscler&#243;tica e mostra o papel da oxLDL-Ab como potencial marcador de doen&#231;a cardiovascular. Dentre as limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo, cita-se o fato de n&#227;o terem dosado as interleucinas (especialmente IL5, que induziria a libera&#231;&#227;o de ox-LDL-Ab induzida pela HDL-C). Al&#233;m disso, trata-se de um estudo realizado em um &#250;nico centro e com uma amostra relativamente pequena (n = 193). De toda forma, &#233; um estudo muito elegante e que abre caminho para futuras pesquisas.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Associa&#231;&#227;o Positiva entre Autoanticorpos contra LDL Oxidada e HDL-C: Um Novo Mecanismo para Cardioprote&#231;&#227;o de HDL?</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Antiinflammatory and Cardioprotective Effects of HDL-C: Association With Autoantibodies Against Oxidized LDL?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Est&#234;v&#227;o Lanna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0570-4368</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Orizonti, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Ricardo Wang</bold> &#8226; Rua Jos&#233; do Patroc&#237;nio Pontes, 1355. Postal Code <postal-code>30210-090</postal-code>, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>rwang@terra.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Atherosclerosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Cholesterol, HDL</kwd>
        <kwd>Lipoproteins, HDL</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The accumulation of lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein B (ApoB), mainly low-density lipoprotein (LDL), in the arterial intima has been attributed to one of the initial steps of atherogenesis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In other studies, oxidized LDL and macrophages are the main pathogenic factors for the development of atherosclerosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In turn, there is increasing evidence of the protective role of autoantibodies against oxidized LDL (oxLDL-AboxLDL-Ab in atherogenesis, a fact that can be potentiated by high-density lipoprotein (HDL).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this volume of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, Nunez et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> evaluated the hypothesis that individuals with higher levels of HDL-C would have elevated levels of oxLDL-Ab. This is a cross-sectional study that included 193 consecutive healthy individuals aged &#8805; 18 years and excluded patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, secondary causes of HDL elevation or reduction, use of lipid-lowering drugs, alcoholism, and smoking. The subjects underwent a detailed physical examination, blood pressure measurements and carotid ultrasound, in addition to biochemical analyzes of peripheral blood. Participants were divided into tertiles, according to HDL-C levels: low (&lt; 68mg/dL: n = 59); intermediate (68-80 mg/dL: n=71) and high (&gt;80 mg/dL: n=63).</p>
      <p>Compared to the lowest HDL-C tertile, the highest tertile had more women, older ages, and higher cholesterol concentrations. Hepatic lipase (LH) and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) activities were reduced, and LH and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) increased in the highest tertile of HDL-C compared to the lowest tertile. There were no significant differences in the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF&#945;). However, oxLDL-Ab levels were significantly higher in the high HDL-C group compared to the low HDL-C group. Linear regression analysis revealed that OxLDL-Ab levels were influenced by age, HDL-C, HDL-C, HDL-3C and ApoAI tertiles. In the adjusted regression analysis, only HDL-C and ApoAI were independently related to oxLDL-Ab levels.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the formation of plaques containing lipids, connective tissue and immune cells in the intima of the arteries. Oxidized LDL would be a trigger to activate this immune response.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The CANTOS study proved, for the first time, that antiinflammatory treatment (in this case, with the antibody against interleukin IL-1&#946;) reduced clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Subsequently, the antiinflammatory effects of colchicine reduced events in patients with AMI<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> or CAD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the study by Nunez et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> the authors observed a positive and independent correlation between serum levels of HDL-C and ox-LDL-Ab. This agrees with the hypothesis that HDL would modulate humoral immunity of the atherosclerotic plaque and shows the role of oxLDL-Ab as a potential marker of cardiovascular disease. One of the study&#8217;s limitations is that they did not measure interleukins (especially IL5, which would induce the HDL-C-induced release of ox-LDL-Ab). In addition, this study was carried out in a single center with a relatively small sample (n = 193). In any case, it is a very elegant study and opens the way for future research.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Positive Association between Autoantibodies Against Oxidized LDL and HDL-C: A Novel Mechanism for HDL Cardioprotection?</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
