<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">jRgfzwnsGpPqKdNDfvp4mfy</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="previous-pid" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022005013407</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022001100705</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220176</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220176</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Ajustando a RFR por Preditores de Discord&#226;ncia, &#8220;A RFR Ajustada&#8221;: Uma Metodologia Alternativa para Melhorar a Capacidade Diagn&#243;stica dos &#205;ndices Coronarianos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2793-3631</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fern&#225;ndez-Rodr&#237;guez</surname>
            <given-names>Diego</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Casanova-Sandoval</surname>
            <given-names>Juan</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barriuso</surname>
            <given-names>Ignacio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rivera</surname>
            <given-names>Kristian</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Otaegui</surname>
            <given-names>Imanol</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Blanco</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Garc&#237;a del</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jim&#233;nez</surname>
            <given-names>Teresa Gil</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>L&#243;pez-P&#233;rez</surname>
            <given-names>Manuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodr&#237;guez-Esteban</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Torres-Saura</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5271-1993</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>D&#237;az</surname>
            <given-names>V&#237;ctor Jim&#233;nez</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ocaranza-S&#225;nchez</surname>
            <given-names>Raymundo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Disdier</surname>
            <given-names>Vicente Peral</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Elvira</surname>
            <given-names>Guillermo S&#225;nchez</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Worner</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lleida</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida &#8211; Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Institut de Recerca Biom&#233;dica de Lleida</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lleida</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Institut de Recerca Biom&#233;dica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida &#8211; Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universitari Vall d&#180;Hebron</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Barcelona</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitari Vall d&#180;Hebron, Barcelona &#8211; Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universitario Cl&#237;nico San Cecilio</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Granada</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario Cl&#237;nico San Cecilio, Granada &#8211; Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universitario Nuestra Se&#241;ora de Candelaria</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Tenerife</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario Nuestra Se&#241;ora de Candelaria, Tenerife &#8211; Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>6</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universitario de Vinalop&#243;</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Elche</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario de Vinalop&#243;, Elche &#8211; Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>7</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universitario Alvaro Cunqueiro</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Vigo</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo &#8211; Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>8</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lugo</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo &#8211; Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>9</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Son Espases</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Palma de Mallorca</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca &#8211; Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff10">
          <label>10</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Pamplona</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona &#8211; Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Diego Fern&#225;ndez Rodr&#237;guez</bold> &#8226; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova / IRB Lleida &#8211; Alcalde Rovira Roure 80. <postal-code>25198</postal-code>. Lleida &#8211; Espanha E-mail: <email>dfernandez.lleida.ics@gencat.cat</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>705</fpage>
      <lpage>713</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p>Os limiares de corte para a &#8220;rela&#231;&#227;o do ciclo completo de repouso&#8221; (RFR) oscilam em diferentes s&#233;ries, sugerindo que as caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o podem influenci&#225;-los. Da mesma forma, foram documentados preditores de discord&#226;ncia entre a RFR e a reserva de fluxo fracionado (FFR). O Estudo RECOPA, mostrou que a capacidade diagn&#243;stica est&#225; reduzida na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221; da RFR, tornando necess&#225;ria a realiza&#231;&#227;o de FFR para descartar ou confirmar isquemia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p>Determinar os preditores de discord&#226;ncia, integrar as informa&#231;&#245;es que eles fornecem em um &#237;ndice cl&#237;nico-fisiol&#243;gico: a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;, e comparar sua concord&#226;ncia com o FFR.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p>Usando dados do Estudo RECOPA, os preditores de discord&#226;ncia em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; FFR foram determinados na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221; da RFR (0,86 a 0,92) para construir um &#237;ndice (&#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;) que pesaria a RFR juntamente com os preditores de discord&#226;ncia e avaliar sua concord&#226;ncia com a FFR.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p>Foram avaliadas 156 les&#245;es em 141 pacientes. Os preditores de discord&#226;ncia foram: doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica, cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica pr&#233;via, les&#245;es n&#227;o envolvendo a art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda e s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda. Embora limitada, a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; melhorou a capacidade diagn&#243;stica em compara&#231;&#227;o com a RFR na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221; (AUC-RFR = 0,651 versus AUC-&#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; = 0,749), mostrando tamb&#233;m uma melhora em todos os &#237;ndices diagn&#243;sticos quando foram estabelecidos limiares de corte otimizados (sensibilidade: 59% a 68%; especificidade: 62% a 75%; acur&#225;cia diagn&#243;stica: 60% a 71%; raz&#227;o de verossimilhan&#231;a positiva: 1,51 a 2,34; raz&#227;o de verossimilhan&#231;a negativa: 0,64 a 0,37).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
          <p>Ajustar a RFR integrando as informa&#231;&#245;es fornecidas pelos preditores de discord&#226;ncia para obter a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; melhorou a capacidade diagn&#243;stica em nossa popula&#231;&#227;o. Mais estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para avaliar se os &#237;ndices cl&#237;nico-fisiol&#243;gicos melhoram a capacidade diagn&#243;stica da RFR ou de outros &#237;ndices coronarianos.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Angina</kwd>
        <kwd>Reserva de Fluxo Fracionado</kwd>
        <kwd>Rela&#231;&#227;o do Ciclo Completo de Repouso</kwd>
        <kwd>Sensibilidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Especificidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="8"/>
        <equation-count count="4"/>
        <ref-count count="22"/>
        <page-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os &#237;ndices da fisiologia coron&#225;ria s&#227;o uma ferramenta essencial na tomada de decis&#227;o relacionados a pacientes com doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica do cora&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, s&#227;o utilizados de forma dicot&#244;mica para determinar o significado funcional das les&#245;es coron&#225;rias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> No entanto, a escolha dos limiares de corte usando a an&#225;lise da curva caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor (ROC) significa que altera&#231;&#245;es m&#237;nimas no limiar de corte podem levar a altera&#231;&#245;es relevantes na sensibilidade e especificidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, os limiares de corte otimizados variam entre s&#233;ries, sugerindo que a heterogeneidade das popula&#231;&#245;es estudadas pode influenciar a capacidade diagn&#243;stica desses &#237;ndices.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O conceito de &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221; na reserva de fluxo coronariano ou reserva de fluxo fracionado (FFR)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> refere-se a uma faixa de valores pr&#243;ximos ao limiar de corte cujos extremos t&#234;m altos valores preditivos para confirmar ou descartar isquemia. Esse conceito tamb&#233;m tem sido estudado com &#237;ndices de repouso n&#227;o hiper&#234;micos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> O estudo de Casanova-Sandoval et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> foi um estudo de valida&#231;&#227;o da &#8220;rela&#231;&#227;o do ciclo completo de repouso&#8221; (RFR) contra a FFR na &#8220;vida real&#8221; que tamb&#233;m avaliou a utilidade de uma estrat&#233;gia h&#237;brida de RFR e FFR para a avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional de estenoses na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Por outro lado, existe um interesse crescente em determinar os preditores de discord&#226;ncia entre &#237;ndices de repouso n&#227;o hiper&#234;micos e FFR. Estudos recentes<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> identificaram alguns deles para a RFR. No entanto, at&#233; onde sabemos, as informa&#231;&#245;es desses preditores n&#227;o t&#234;m sido utilizadas para melhorar a capacidade diagn&#243;stica dos &#237;ndices coronarianos em geral ou dos &#237;ndices de repouso n&#227;o hiper&#234;micos em particular.</p>
      <p>Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi o de determinar preditores de discord&#226;ncia entre RFR e FFR e integrar essas informa&#231;&#245;es para construir um &#237;ndice modificado de RFR, a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;, que permite melhorar a capacidade diagn&#243;stica em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; RFR na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221;.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="materials|methods">
      <title>Materiais e m&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo</title>
        <p>A popula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo foi selecionada usando dados do Casanova-Sandoval et al., cujos detalhes e resultados j&#225; foram publicados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica de cada local, atendendo aos requisitos e &#224;s normas da Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque e suas altera&#231;&#245;es posteriores, bem como aos regulamentos de prote&#231;&#227;o de dados aplic&#225;veis.</p>
        <p>Resumidamente, o estudo de Casanova-Sandoval et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> foi um estudo de valida&#231;&#227;o de RFR versus FFR na pr&#225;tica padr&#227;o, onde 380 les&#245;es coron&#225;rias em 311 pacientes foram avaliadas funcionalmente por press&#227;o, obtendo valores de RFR e FFR. Os limiares para detec&#231;&#227;o de isquemia foram RFR &#8804; 0,89 e FFR &#8804; 0,80, com n&#237;veis de correla&#231;&#227;o (R<sup>2</sup> = 0,81; p &lt; 0,001), sensibilidade (76%) e especificidade (80%), semelhantes aos relatados por outros estudos da &#8220;vida real&#8221;. Por&#233;m, sua aplica&#231;&#227;o na popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo apresentou valores preditivos limitados (valor preditivo positivo [VPP] = 68%; valor preditivo negativo [VPN] = 80%). Assim, foi determinada uma &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221; (RFR de 0,86 a 0,92) para avaliar o impacto funcional das estenoses usando ambas as t&#233;cnicas (estrat&#233;gia h&#237;brida RFR-FFR), possibilitando a obten&#231;&#227;o de altos valores preditivos (VPP = 91%; VPN = 92%) e a redu&#231;&#227;o da administra&#231;&#227;o de vasodilatadores em 58%.</p>
        <p>Uma vez que os valores extremos da RFR permitem obter uma concord&#226;ncia muito alta, concentrando a discrep&#226;ncia entre ambas as t&#233;cnicas na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221;, foram selecionadas apenas les&#245;es com RFR de 0,86 a 0,92, incluindo um total de 156 les&#245;es, correspondendo a 141 pacientes.</p>
        <p>Determina&#231;&#227;o dos Preditores de Discord&#226;ncia e Estabelecimento da &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;</p>
        <p>A RFR<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> &#233; um &#237;ndice de repouso n&#227;o hiper&#234;mico que avalia a signific&#226;ncia hemodin&#226;mica das estenoses coronarianas, identificando a rela&#231;&#227;o m&#237;nima entre a press&#227;o coron&#225;ria distal &#224; estenose (Pd) e a press&#227;o a&#243;rtica (Pa) ao longo do ciclo card&#237;aco. O limiar de corte de RFR &#8804; 0,89 &#233; considerado o mais adequado para determinar a presen&#231;a de isquemia, apesar das varia&#231;&#245;es nos limiares de corte otimizados relatadas nas diferentes s&#233;ries<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup>. Na tentativa de afinar a concord&#226;ncia com a FFR na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221; (RFR de 0,86 a 0,92),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> foi realizada uma an&#225;lise para determinar os preditores de discord&#226;ncia entre as duas t&#233;cnicas, e as informa&#231;&#245;es fornecidas por elas foram ent&#227;o inclu&#237;das na constru&#231;&#227;o de um novo &#237;ndice: a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;.</p>
        <p>Primeiro, as les&#245;es foram agrupadas em 4 grupos de acordo com o resultado do estudo funcional: RFR-/FFR- (verdadeiro negativo), RFR+/FFR- (falso positivo [FP]), RFR-/FFR+ (falso negativo [FN]) e RFR+/FFR+ (verdadeiro positivo), comparando as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e angiogr&#225;ficas entre cada grupo. Posteriormente, foram selecionados os grupos com resultados discordantes: RFR+/FFR- (FP) e RFR-/FFR+ (FN); preditores independentes de discord&#226;ncia foram ent&#227;o determinados para cada grupo. Por fim, foi constru&#237;da a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;, incluindo a RFR e os preditores de discord&#226;ncia, atribuindo-lhes seus correspondentes coeficientes de pondera&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Foram realizadas as an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas no software SPSS vers&#227;o 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, EUA), com valores bicaudais de p &lt; 0,05 considerados estatisticamente significativos. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram apresentadas como n&#250;meros e frequ&#234;ncias relativas (porcentagens), e as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas como m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o) ou mediana com intervalo ou intervalo interquartil dependendo de sua distribui&#231;&#227;o. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student para amostras n&#227;o pareadas e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram comparadas pelo teste qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher, conforme apropriado. Foram usados os testes U de Mann&#8211;Whitney para dados n&#227;o param&#233;tricos.</p>
        <p>Para identificar preditores de discord&#226;ncia, tanto para FP quanto para FN, foram utilizados modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria, incluindo na an&#225;lise multivariada final aqueles preditores com valores &#8804; 0,10 na an&#225;lise univariada. Os resultados foram dados como odds ratio (OR) com intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95% (IC 95%). Uma vez obtidos os preditores de discord&#226;ncia, foi constru&#237;da a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; por meio de regress&#227;o linear para estabelecer um modelo preditivo de FFR que contempla o valor da RFR e os preditores de discord&#226;ncia, atribuindo-lhes um coeficiente que ponderou sua relev&#226;ncia usando o seguinte algoritmo:</p>
        <disp-formula id="eq1">
          <label>&#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;:</label>
          <mml:math id="m1" display="block">
            <mml:mrow>
              <mml:mtext>p</mml:mtext>
              <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>
              <mml:mtext>y</mml:mtext>
              <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
              <mml:mtext>FFR</mml:mtext>
              <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>
              <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
              <mml:mtext>RFR&#8201;Ajustada</mml:mtext>
              <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
              <mml:msub>
                <mml:mtext>&#946;</mml:mtext>
                <mml:mrow>
                  <mml:mtext>cte</mml:mtext>
                </mml:mrow>
              </mml:msub>
              <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
              <mml:msub>
                <mml:mtext>&#946;</mml:mtext>
                <mml:mrow>
                  <mml:mtext>RFR</mml:mtext>
                </mml:mrow>
              </mml:msub>
              <mml:mo>&#8727;</mml:mo>
              <mml:mtext>RFR</mml:mtext>
              <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
              <mml:mo>&#8230;</mml:mo>
              <mml:mo>&#8230;</mml:mo>
              <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
              <mml:msub>
                <mml:mtext>&#946;</mml:mtext>
                <mml:mtext>n</mml:mtext>
              </mml:msub>
              <mml:mo>&#8727;</mml:mo>
              <mml:msub>
                <mml:mtext>X</mml:mtext>
                <mml:mtext>n</mml:mtext>
              </mml:msub>
            </mml:mrow>
          </mml:math>
        </disp-formula>
        <p>* Os coeficientes ponderados (&#946;<sub>i</sub>) podiam ser positivos ou negativos, dependendo se os preditores eram fatores protetores ou de risco para ser FN ou FP.</p>
        <p>Por fim, foram realizadas an&#225;lises de sensibilidade e especificidade, estimando-se tamb&#233;m o limiar de corte otimizado da &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; para obter um valor de FFR &#8804; 0,80, usando a an&#225;lise da curva ROC. Raz&#245;es de verossimilhan&#231;a positiva e negativa (LR+ e LR-) tamb&#233;m foram calculadas para RFR e &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;, considerando a utilidade do teste da maneira seguinte:<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
        <list list-type="simple">
          <list-item>
            <label>&#8211;</label>
            <p>LR+: &lt; 2 (n&#227;o &#250;til); 2 a 5 (moderado); 5 a 10 (bom); &gt; 10 (excelente).</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#8211;</label>
            <p>LR&#8722;: &gt; 0,5 (n&#227;o &#250;til); 0,5 a 0,2 (moderado); 0,2 a 0,1 (bom); &lt; 0,1 (excelente).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>O presente estudo incluiu 141 pacientes, com um total de 156 les&#245;es. Uma &#250;nica les&#227;o foi investigada na maioria dos pacientes, sendo 4 o n&#250;mero m&#225;ximo de les&#245;es avaliadas em 1 paciente.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e angiogr&#225;ficas</title>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas basais por paciente s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> mostra as caracter&#237;sticas basais por les&#227;o dos 4 grupos de compara&#231;&#227;o, observando-se que os FPs (RFR+/FFR-) tinham idade mais avan&#231;ada, com maior preval&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica e maior porcentagem de cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica pr&#233;via. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos FNs (RFR-/FFR+), foi encontrada maior preval&#234;ncia de tabagismo ativo e s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> tamb&#233;m mostra, por les&#227;o, as caracter&#237;sticas angiogr&#225;ficas e fisiol&#243;gicas dos grupos de compara&#231;&#227;o, observando que os FNs (RFR-/FFR+) apresentaram maior porcentagem de les&#245;es n&#227;o envolvendo a art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda em compara&#231;&#227;o a todos os outros grupos. O segmento coronariano especificamente afetado &#233; apresentado no Material Suplementar. Al&#233;m disso, foi observado um gradiente nos valores de RFR e de Pd/Pa entre os 4 bra&#231;os de compara&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas basais por paciente</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="49%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Pacientes (n=141)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Idade</bold>, <italic>(anos), m&#233;dia (DP)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">65,82 (12,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Sexo feminino,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">39 (27,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>IMC,</bold><italic>(kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</italic>, <italic>m&#233;dia (DP)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">28,0 (4,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Hipertens&#227;o,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">104 (73,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Dislipidemia,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">93 (66%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Diabetes mellitus,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">50 (35,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Tabagismo atual,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">26 (18,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica pr&#233;via,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">40 (28,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Doen&#231;a cerebrovascular,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">13 (9,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">15 (10,6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">13 (9,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>DPOC,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">9 (6,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular,</bold>
                  <italic>(mL/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>), m&#233;dia (DP)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">74,0 (31,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica,</bold>
                  <italic>(taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular &lt; 60 ml/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>), n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">51 (36,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Indica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">&#8211; Angina est&#225;vel</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">102 (72,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">&#8211; SCA sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST: les&#227;o culpada</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">21 (14,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">&#8211; SCA sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST: les&#227;o n&#227;o-culpada</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (7,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">&#8211; SCA com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST: les&#227;o n&#227;o-culpada</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (5,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Les&#245;es/paciente,</bold>
                  <italic>(n), mediana (m&#237;nimo-m&#225;ximo)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1 (1-4)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>DP: desvio padr&#227;o; DPOC: doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal; SCA: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas basais por les&#227;o</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="16%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">VN: RFR-/FFR- <break/>(n=60)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">FP: RFR+/FFR- <break/>(n=41)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">FN: RFR-/FFR+ <break/>(n=21)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">VP: RFR+/FFR+ <break/>(n=34)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Valor p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Idade</bold>, <italic>(anos), m&#233;dia (DP)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">63,0 (14,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">71,5 (10,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">62,1 (8,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">66,2 (10,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,002</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Sexo feminino,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">18 (30,0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">13 (31,7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">5 (23,8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (11,8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,182</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>IMC,</bold>
                  <italic>(Kg/m2), m&#233;dia (DP)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">27,8 (4,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">27,7 (4,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">29,2 (5,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">27,8 (4,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,647</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Hipertens&#227;o,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">43 (71,7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">30 (73,2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">18 (85,7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (70,6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,600</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Dislipidemia,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">38 (63,3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">25 (61,0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">13 (61,9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">22 (64,7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,989</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Diabetes mellitus,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">20 (33,3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">18 (43,9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (19,0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (41,2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,229</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Tabagismo atual,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (23,3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">3 (7,3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">9 (42,9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">7 (20,6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,013</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica pr&#233;via,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">26 (43,3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">5 (12,2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (38,1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">7 (20,6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,004</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Doen&#231;a cerebrovascular,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">5 (8,3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">5 (12,2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">2 (9,5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">2 (5,9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,862</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (6,7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">6 (14,6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1 (4,8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (11,8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,468</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">5 (8,3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (9,8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">6 (17,6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,181</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>DPOC,</bold>
                  <italic>n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">6 (10,0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (11,8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,061</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular,</bold> (mL/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>), <italic>m&#233;dia (DP)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">78,4 (33,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">57,5 (26,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">90,1 (20,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">74,4 (29,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>&lt; 0,001</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica,</bold>
                  <italic>(taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular &lt; 60 ml/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>), n (%)</italic>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">19 (31,7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">26 (63,4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">2 (9,5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">9 (26,5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>&lt; 0,001</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Indica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,012</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- Angina est&#225;vel</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">46 (76,7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">33 (80,5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">9 (42,9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (70,6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- S&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (23,3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (19,5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">12 (57,1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (29,4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>DP: desvio padr&#227;o; DPOC: doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica; FFR: reserva de fluxo fracionado; FN: falso negativo; FP: falso positivo; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal; RFR: rela&#231;&#227;o do ciclo completo de repouso; VN: verdadeiro negativo; VP: verdadeiro positivo.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas angiogr&#225;ficas e fisiol&#243;gicas por les&#227;o</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="16%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">VN: RFR-/FFR- <break/>(n=60)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">FP: RFR+/FFR- <break/>(n=41)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">FN: RFR-/FFR+ <break/>(n=21)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">VP: RFR+/FFR+ (n=34)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Valor p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Administra&#231;&#227;o de adenosina</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,343</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- Adenosina intravenosa</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">18 (30,0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">17 (51,5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (47,6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (29,4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- Adenosina intracoron&#225;ria</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">42 (70,0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (58,5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">11 (52,4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (70,6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Tamanho do cateter guia</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,574</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- 5 French</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">2 (3,3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">2 (4,9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1 82,9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- 6 French</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">58 (96,7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">39 (95,1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">21 (100%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">32 (94,1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- 7 French</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1 (2,9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Vaso acometido</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,019</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- DAE</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">43 (71,7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">33 (80,5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">11 (52,4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">30 (88,2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- N&#227;o DAE</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">17 (28,3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (19,5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (47,6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (11,8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Porcentagem de estenose</bold>, <italic>(%), m&#233;dia (DP)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">57 (11)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">57 (10)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">61 (10)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">61 (9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,136</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Comprimento do vaso</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,716</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- &lt;12 mm</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">30 (50,0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">17 (41,5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">11 (52,4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">13 (38,2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- 12 a 25 mm</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">23 (38,3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">20 (48,8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">9 (42,9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (44,1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- &gt;25 mm</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">7 (11,7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (9,8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1 (4,8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">6 (17,6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Di&#226;metro do vaso</bold>, <italic>(mm), m&#233;dia (DP)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">3,01 (0,53)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">2,89 (0,37)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">2,93 (0,53)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">2,92 (0,45)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,636</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>&#205;ndices coronarianos</bold>, <italic>m&#233;dia (DP)</italic></td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- RFR</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,91 (0,01)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,88 (0,01)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,91 (0,01)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,87 (0,01)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>&lt;0,001</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- Pd/Pa</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,93 (0,02)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,92 (0,02)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,92 (0,02)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,90 (0,03)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>&lt;0,001</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">- FFR</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,86 (0,03)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,85 (0,03)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,76 (0,04)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,76 (0,03)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>&lt;0,001</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>DAE: acometimento da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda; DP: desvio padr&#227;o; FFR: reserva de fluxo fracionado; FN: falso negativo; FP: falso positivo; n&#227;o DAE: n&#227;o acometimento da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda; Pd/Pa: rela&#231;&#227;o entre a press&#227;o coron&#225;ria distal e a press&#227;o a&#243;rtica; RFR: rela&#231;&#227;o do ciclo completo de repouso; VN: verdadeiro negativo; VP: verdadeiro positivo.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Determina&#231;&#227;o de preditores de discord&#226;ncia</title>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 4</xref> mostra os preditores independentes de discord&#226;ncia para FP e FN. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos FPs (RFR+/FFR-), a doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica foi identificada como fator de risco independente para discord&#226;ncia (OR 3,224; 1,386 a 7,501; p = 0,007). Em contrapartida, a hist&#243;ria de cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica mostrou-se fator de prote&#231;&#227;o contra a discord&#226;ncia (OR 0,296; 0,102 a 0,858; p = 0,025). Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos FNs (RFR-/FFR+), o contexto cl&#237;nico de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (OR 3,687; 1,247 a 10,899; p = 0,018) e les&#245;es em local diferente da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda (OR 3,529; 1,231 a 10,118; p = 0,019) foram, por fim, identificados como fatores de risco independentes para discord&#226;ncia.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Preditores independentes de discord&#226;ncia</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="12%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="middle" colspan="8">RFR+/FFR- (falsos positivos)</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" valign="middle">An&#225;lise univariada</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">OR</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">IC (95%)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Valor p</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">An&#225;lise multivariada</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">OR</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">IC (95%)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Valor p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>DRC</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>4,911</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>2,298-10,498</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>&lt;0,001</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>DRC</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>3,224</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>1,386-7,501</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,007</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Idade &#8805; 75 anos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>3,981</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>1,862-8,511</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>&lt;0,001</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>CIC pr&#233;via</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,296</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,102-0,858</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,025</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Les&#245;es n&#227;o DAE</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,657</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,274-1,576</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,345</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>SCA</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,532</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,224-1,266</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,150</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>CIC pr&#233;via</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,251</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,091-0,688</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,005</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Tabagismo atual</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,224</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,064-0,688</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,005</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <td style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="middle" colspan="8">
                  <bold>RFR-/FFR+ (falsos negativos)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>An&#225;lise univariada</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>OR</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>IC (95%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Valor p</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>An&#225;lise multivariada</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>OR</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>IC (95%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Valor p</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>SCA</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>4,292</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>1,658-11,107</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,002</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>SCA</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>3,687</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>1,247-10,899</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,018</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Tabagismo atual</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>3,469</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>1,314-9,154</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,009</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Les&#245;es n&#227;o DAE</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>3,529</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>1,231-10,118</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,019</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Les&#245;es n&#227;o DAE</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>3,323</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>1,285-8,594</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,010</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>CIC pr&#233;via</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1,157</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,603-4,091</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0,352</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>DRC</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,158</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,035-0,706</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,003</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Idade &#8805; 75 anos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,103</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,013-0,796</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">
                  <bold>0,003</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>CIC: cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica; DRC: doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica; FFR: reserva de fluxo fracionado; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; les&#245;es n&#227;o DAE: les&#245;es que n&#227;o acometem a art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda; OR: odds ratio; RFR: rela&#231;&#227;o do ciclo completo de repouso; SCA: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Gera&#231;&#227;o da &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;</title>
        <p>Por fim, o valor da RFR e os preditores independentes foram inclu&#237;dos no modelo para gerar a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;. O algoritmo com os coeficientes correspondentes a cada preditor &#233; mostrado abaixo:</p>
        <disp-formula id="eq2">
          <label>&#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;:</label>
          <mml:math id="m2" display="block">
            <mml:mtable columnalign="left">
              <mml:mtr>
                <mml:mtd>
                  <mml:mtext>RFR</mml:mtext>
                  <mml:mtext>Ajustada</mml:mtext>
                  <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
                  <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
                  <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
                  <mml:mn>009</mml:mn>
                  <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                  <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
                  <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
                  <mml:mn>912</mml:mn>
                  <mml:mtext>*RFR</mml:mtext>
                  <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                  <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
                  <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
                  <mml:mn>023</mml:mn>
                  <mml:mtext>*DRC</mml:mtext>
                  <mml:mo>&#8722;</mml:mo>
                  <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
                  <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
                  <mml:mn>019</mml:mn>
                  <mml:mtext>*n&#227;o</mml:mtext>
                  <mml:mtext>DAE</mml:mtext>
                </mml:mtd>
              </mml:mtr>
              <mml:mtr>
                <mml:mtd>
                  <mml:mo>&#8722;</mml:mo>
                  <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
                  <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
                  <mml:mn>017</mml:mn>
                  <mml:mtext>*SCA</mml:mtext>
                  <mml:mo>&#8722;</mml:mo>
                  <mml:mtext>0,005*CIC pr&#233;via</mml:mtext>
                </mml:mtd>
              </mml:mtr>
            </mml:mtable>
          </mml:math>
        </disp-formula>
        <p>* RFR: &#8220;rela&#231;&#227;o do ciclo completo de repouso&#8221;; DRC: doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica (taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular &lt; 60 ml/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>); n&#227;o DAE: les&#245;es que n&#227;o acometem a art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda; SCA: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda; CIC pr&#233;via: hist&#243;rico de cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica.</p>
        <p>Este algoritmo mostra que a doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica (fator de risco para FP) &#233; inserida com sinal positivo. As les&#245;es que n&#227;o acometem a art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda e a indica&#231;&#227;o de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (ambos fatores de risco para FN), bem como o hist&#243;rico de cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica (fator de prote&#231;&#227;o para FP), s&#227;o inseridos com sinal negativo.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise de sensibilidade e especificidade</title>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref> mostra as curvas ROC comparativas para a RFR e a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;. Observou-se aumento da &#225;rea sob a curva (AUC) da &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; RFR, de 0,651 para 0,749, determinando como limiar de corte otimizado uma &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; de &#8804; 0,8172 para detectar valores de FFR &#8804; 0,80. Da mesma forma, a <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref> compara as tabelas de conting&#234;ncia de ambos os &#237;ndices de acordo com os limiares de corte estabelecidos, com melhora na sensibilidade variando de 59% a 68%, especificidade variando de 62% a 75%, acur&#225;cia diagn&#243;stica variando de 60% a 71%, VPP variando de 45% a 56% e VPN variando de 74% a 83%. De particular interesse &#233; a melhora nas LRs, onde encontramos que, com o novo &#237;ndice, LR+ aumentou de 1,51 para 2,34 e LR- diminuiu de 0,64 para 0,37. Desta maneira, a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; tem utilidade satisfat&#243;ria em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; RFR, que n&#227;o &#233; &#250;til para discriminar pacientes na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221;.</p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Curvas ROC de RFR versus FFR &#8804; 0,80 e &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; e FFR &#8804; 0,80. AUC: &#225;rea sob a curva; FFR: reserva de fluxo fracionado; ROC: caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor; RFR: rela&#231;&#227;o do ciclo completo de repouso. A curva ROC mostrou uma AUC de 0,651 (0,559 a 0,744; p = 0,002) para a RFR, melhorando a AUC para a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; para 0,749 (0,669 a 0,828; p &lt; 0,001) e estabelecendo um valor de 0,8172 como limite de corte otimizado para a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-05-0705-20176-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Compara&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros diagn&#243;sticos de acordo com as <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabelas 2</xref> &#215; 2 para os limiares de corte de RFR (&#8804; 0,89) e &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; (&#8804; 0,8172) versus FFR (&#8804; 0,80). FFR: reserva de fluxo fracionado; FN: falso negativo; FP: falso positivo; LR+: raz&#227;o de verossimilhan&#231;a positiva; LR-: raz&#227;o de verossimilhan&#231;a negativa; RFR: rela&#231;&#227;o do ciclo completo de repouso; VN: verdadeiro negativo; VP: verdadeiro positivo; VPN: valor preditivo negativo; VPP: valor preditivo positivo.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-05-0705-20176-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os principais achados do estudo foram: a) doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica, acometimento de outras art&#233;rias que n&#227;o a descendente anterior esquerda, indica&#231;&#227;o de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda e hist&#243;rico de cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica mostraram-se como preditores independentes de discord&#226;ncia na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221; da RFR em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; FFR; e b) a modifica&#231;&#227;o da RFR com a inclus&#227;o de preditores independentes de discord&#226;ncia (&#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;) possibilitou melhorar a capacidade diagn&#243;stica do teste para os valores da &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221;.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Sele&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o-alvo: Por que a &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221;?</title>
        <p>Qualquer &#237;ndice quantitativo cont&#237;nuo utilizado de forma dicot&#244;mica envolve algum grau de incerteza diagn&#243;stica em valores pr&#243;ximos ao limiar de corte estabelecido.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> O conceito de &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221; para &#237;ndices da fisiologia coron&#225;ria surge de estudos de valida&#231;&#227;o da FFR para a detec&#231;&#227;o de isquemia induzida por estenoses coronarianas epic&#225;rdicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> Este conceito foi subsequentemente estendido a outros &#237;ndices de repouso n&#227;o hiper&#234;micos como o <italic>instantaneous wave-free ratio</italic> e a RFR, mostrando que os valores extremos de &#237;ndices de repouso n&#227;o hiper&#234;micos apresentaram concord&#226;ncia muito alta com a FFR e, em valores pr&#243;ximos ao limiar de corte (&#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221;), a capacidade diagn&#243;stica diminuiu.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Visto que &#233; plaus&#237;vel que os poucos resultados discordantes entre RFR e FFR em caso de valores extremos de RFR estejam relacionados principalmente a erros na t&#233;cnica de medi&#231;&#227;o, optou-se por restringir a determina&#231;&#227;o dos preditores de discord&#226;ncia &#224; &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221; da RFR.</p>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, &#233; relevante a propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes avaliados por estudo fisiol&#243;gico invasivo que se encontram na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221;, mostrando nos dados de RFR e <italic>instantaneous wave-free ratio</italic> que esta propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes pode ultrapassar 40%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Portanto, consideramos essencial o desenvolvimento de ferramentas diagn&#243;sticas que possibilitem refinar o diagn&#243;stico de &#237;ndices de repouso n&#227;o hiper&#234;micos e eventualmente outros &#237;ndices fisiol&#243;gicos invasivos, seja de circula&#231;&#227;o epic&#225;rdica ou microcircula&#231;&#227;o coronariana, para essa faixa de valores.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o dos preditores de discord&#226;ncia: O territ&#243;rio coronariano acometido prediz falsos positivos ou falsos negativos?</title>
        <p>Considerando o tamanho limitado da amostra e a heterogeneidade das popula&#231;&#245;es de estudo avaliadas pelos preditores de discord&#226;ncia entre RFR e FFR, &#233; razo&#225;vel que n&#227;o sejam observados exatamente os mesmos preditores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Nossos achados mostram resultados semelhantes aos j&#225; relatados por Goto et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> e Kato et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica como fator de risco para FP. Tamb&#233;m encontramos s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda como fator de risco para FN e hist&#243;rico de cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica como fator protetor contra FP e n&#227;o encontramos doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica, sexo ou dimens&#245;es corporais, avaliadas como &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corporal ou como &#237;ndice de massa corporal, em nosso caso, como preditores de discord&#226;ncia, como foi o caso em estudos anteriores.</p>
        <p>No entanto, um dos achados mais marcantes de ambos os estudos anteriores foi o de que as les&#245;es da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda comportaram-se como fator de risco para FP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Especificamente, o estudo de Kato et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> verificou que les&#245;es que n&#227;o acometiam a art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda se comportaram como fator de risco para FN, de forma semelhante aos nossos resultados. No presente estudo, no caso de vari&#225;veis complementares (por exemplo, presen&#231;a ou aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica), optamos por avaliar o comportamento da vari&#225;vel menos comum como preditor de discord&#226;ncia. Considerando essa abordagem quanto &#224; localiza&#231;&#227;o das les&#245;es coronarianas (envolvimento versus n&#227;o envolvimento da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda), verificamos que, em pesquisas anteriores,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> a maioria das estenoses avaliadas envolvia a art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda, seguindo a pr&#225;tica padr&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Portanto, hipotetizamos que a condi&#231;&#227;o de fator de risco para FP ou FN de acordo com a localiza&#231;&#227;o das estenoses coronarianas apresentaria aspectos complementares e, como a maioria das les&#245;es corresponde &#224; art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda, pareceu-nos mais adequado avaliar, como preditor de discord&#226;ncia, a de menor preval&#234;ncia na pr&#225;tica padr&#227;o que, para les&#245;es coron&#225;rias, &#233; o envolvimento de outros territ&#243;rios que n&#227;o a art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Gera&#231;&#227;o da &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;: Por que ajustar para fatores de discord&#226;ncia?</title>
        <p>At&#233; o momento, estudos sobre &#237;ndices da fisiologia coron&#225;ria invasivos n&#227;o consideraram integrar as informa&#231;&#245;es fornecidas por par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos, e nosso trabalho &#233; o primeiro a tentar isso. No entanto, o desenvolvimento de &#237;ndices cl&#237;nico-fisiol&#243;gicos apresenta a quest&#227;o de quais par&#226;metros incluir para refor&#231;ar os resultados dos &#237;ndices coronarianos. Visto que os preditores de discord&#226;ncia s&#227;o aqueles que cont&#234;m informa&#231;&#245;es sobre as caracter&#237;sticas espec&#237;ficas dos FPs e FNs, optamos por incluir apenas esses par&#226;metros em um &#237;ndice global que possibilitaria reduzir erros na classifica&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica dos pacientes.</p>
        <p>No algoritmo proposto, as informa&#231;&#245;es fornecidas pelos preditores independentes de discord&#226;ncia, juntamente com a RFR, foram integradas por meio de um modelo de regress&#227;o. O modelo subsequentemente atribuiu uma constante para o algoritmo e os coeficientes com seu sinal correspondente (positivo ou negativo) para cada vari&#225;vel. Por fim, o modelo foi avaliado, estabelecendo como limiar de corte otimizado um valor de &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; &#8804; 0,8172 para detectar valores de FFR &#8804; 0,80.</p>
        <p>Com base no exposto, o algoritmo deve ser interpretado da maneira seguinte. Para a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;, a vari&#225;vel com maior peso &#233; a RFR, pois possui o maior coeficiente (+0,912), que pode ser modificado de forma incremental ou decrescente dependendo se o paciente possui algum ou todos os preditores de discord&#226;ncia. A presen&#231;a de doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica (fator de risco para FP) aumenta o valor final da &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;, facilitando a reclassifica&#231;&#227;o do paciente como negativo, enquanto cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica pr&#233;via (fator de prote&#231;&#227;o contra FP) o diminui, dificultando reclassificar o paciente negativo. De modo semelhante, les&#245;es em territ&#243;rios diferentes da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda e s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (ambos fatores de risco para FN) reduzem o valor final da &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;, facilitando a reclassifica&#231;&#227;o do paciente como positivo. Al&#233;m disso, o algoritmo orienta n&#227;o apenas a dire&#231;&#227;o na qual reclassificar os pacientes, mas tamb&#233;m de ponderar a influ&#234;ncia dos preditores, de acordo com o peso de seus coeficientes.</p>
        <p>Utilidade da &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;: O desenvolvimento de &#237;ndices cl&#237;nico-fisiol&#243;gicos pode ser clinicamente relevante?</p>
        <p>A integra&#231;&#227;o do resultado de um teste com as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas do paciente &#233; comum em diverso ambientes. Como exemplo, a estimativa mais precisa da fun&#231;&#227;o renal &#233; obtida pela combina&#231;&#227;o dos valores de creatinina s&#233;rica com outros par&#226;metros como idade, peso e sexo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> A &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; permite uma capacidade diagn&#243;stica aprimorada em compara&#231;&#227;o com o uso da RFR sozinha. Embora essa melhora tenha sido limitada em nossa popula&#231;&#227;o, os resultados sugerem que um &#237;ndice cl&#237;nico-fisiol&#243;gico melhora todos os par&#226;metros diagn&#243;sticos. Isto &#233; particularmente vis&#237;vel na melhoria das LRs, onde verificamos que a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; permite melhorar a utilidade do teste em compara&#231;&#227;o com a RFR na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221;.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
        <p>Primeiro, o estudo de Casanova-Sandoval et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> foi um estudo realizado em um &#250;nico pa&#237;s (Espanha), o que pode limitar sua extrapola&#231;&#227;o para outras popula&#231;&#245;es. No entanto, sua natureza multic&#234;ntrica atenua essa limita&#231;&#227;o. Segundo, os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o do de Casanova-Sandoval et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> tamb&#233;m permitiram o recrutamento de pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda, apesar de a avalia&#231;&#227;o invasiva de les&#245;es coronarianas ser recomendada principalmente em pacientes com angina est&#225;vel. No entanto, na pr&#225;tica padr&#227;o, os &#237;ndices coronarianos tamb&#233;m s&#227;o utilizados na s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda, o que tem sido apoiado na literatura<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> e esse cen&#225;rio tamb&#233;m pode influenciar seus resultados. Terceiro, o tamanho limitado da amostra de nosso estudo pode ser estendido e a metodologia usada pode ser modificada em estudos subsequentes para refinar ainda mais a constru&#231;&#227;o de &#237;ndices combinados. No entanto, nossa pesquisa encontrou uma melhora em todos os par&#226;metros diagn&#243;sticos. Por fim, cabe destacar que, al&#233;m de estudos que permitam a deriva&#231;&#227;o de novos &#237;ndices cl&#237;nico-fisiol&#243;gicos, s&#227;o necess&#225;rios estudos de valida&#231;&#227;o em popula&#231;&#245;es externas.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>Ajustar a RFR integrando as informa&#231;&#245;es fornecidas pelos preditores de discord&#226;ncia para obter a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221; melhorou a capacidade diagn&#243;stica em nossa popula&#231;&#227;o. O desenvolvimento de &#237;ndices cl&#237;nico-fisiol&#243;gicos, incluindo RFR ou outros &#237;ndices, poderia melhorar a capacidade diagn&#243;stica dos &#237;ndices da fisiologia coron&#225;ria. Estudos futuros em grandes popula&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para avaliar a utilidade de metodologias semelhantes para refinar estudos da fisiologia coron&#225;ria.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>O que j&#225; se sabe sobre o assunto?</title>
        <p>Altera&#231;&#245;es m&#237;nimas nos limiares de corte dos testes da fisiologia coron&#225;ria levam a mudan&#231;as significativas na sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos. Al&#233;m disso, existe variabilidade entre os limiares de corte da RFR nas diferentes s&#233;ries, sugerindo uma influ&#234;ncia das caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o na capacidade diagn&#243;stica desse &#237;ndice. J&#225; foram documentados preditores de discord&#226;ncia entre os resultados fornecidos pela RFR e o diagn&#243;stico &#8220;padr&#227;o ouro&#8221; para testes da fisiologia coron&#225;ria, a saber, a FFR. Esses preditores parecem &#250;teis para complementar as informa&#231;&#245;es oferecidas pela RFR na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221; de valores.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>O que h&#225; de novo?</title>
        <p>Doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica, envolvimento de outras art&#233;rias que n&#227;o a descendente anterior esquerda, indica&#231;&#227;o de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda e hist&#243;rico de cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica t&#234;m se mostrado preditores independentes de discord&#226;ncia na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221; da RFR em compara&#231;&#227;o com a FFR. A constru&#231;&#227;o de um &#237;ndice cl&#237;nico-fisiol&#243;gico modificado (a &#8220;RFR Ajustada&#8221;) que inclui informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a RFR e preditores de discord&#226;ncia, melhorou a capacidade diagn&#243;stica na &#8220;zona cinzenta&#8221;. O desenvolvimento de &#237;ndices cl&#237;nico-fisiol&#243;gicos pode ser &#250;til para melhorar tanto a capacidade diagn&#243;stica da RFR quanto de outros &#237;ndices da fisiologia coron&#225;ria.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <p>
          <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do CEIm Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo CEIC 2019. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tonino</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>De Bruyne</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pijls</surname>
              <given-names>NH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Siebert</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ikeno</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>van&#8217; t Veer</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Guiding Percutaneous Coronary interVention</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>360</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>213</fpage>
          <lpage>224</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa0807611</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1 Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Siebert U, Ikeno F, van&#8217; t Veer M, et al. Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Guiding Percutaneous Coronary interVention. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(3):213-24. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0807611.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>De Bruyne</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pijls</surname>
              <given-names>NH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kalesan</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barbato</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tonino</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Piroth</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided PCI versus Medical Therapy in Stable Coronary Disease</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>367</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>991</fpage>
          <lpage>1001</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1205361</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Kalesan B, Barbato E, Tonino PA, Piroth Z, et al. Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided PCI versus Medical Therapy in Stable Coronary Disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(11):991-1001. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1205361.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>G&#246;tberg</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cook</surname>
              <given-names>CM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sen</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nijjer</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Escaned</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Davies</surname>
              <given-names>JE</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The Evolving Future of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>70</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>1379</fpage>
          <lpage>1402</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.770</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 G&#246;tberg M, Cook CM, Sen S, Nijjer S, Escaned J, Davies JE. The Evolving Future of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(11):1379-1402. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.770.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Parikh</surname>
              <given-names>RV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Plomondon</surname>
              <given-names>ME</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sehested</surname>
              <given-names>TSG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hlatky</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Waldo</surname>
              <given-names>SW</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Utilization and Outcomes of Measuring Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>75</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>409</fpage>
          <lpage>419</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.060</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4 Parikh RV, Liu G, Plomondon ME, Sehested TSG, Hlatky MA, Waldo SW, et al. Utilization and Outcomes of Measuring Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(4):409-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.060.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Svanerud</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ahn</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jeremias</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>van &#8216;t Veer</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gore</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maehara</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Validation of a Novel Non-Hyperaemic Index of Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity: the Resting Full-cycle Ratio (VALIDATE RFR) Study</article-title>
          <source>EuroIntervention</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>806</fpage>
          <lpage>814</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4244/EIJ-D-18-00342</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5 Svanerud J, Ahn JM, Jeremias A, van &#8216;t Veer M, Gore A, Maehara A, et al. Validation of a Novel Non-Hyperaemic Index of Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity: the Resting Full-cycle Ratio (VALIDATE RFR) Study. EuroIntervention. 2018;14(7):806-814. doi: 10.4244/EIJ-D-18-00342.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Muroya</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kawano</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hata</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shinboku</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sonoda</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kusumoto</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Relationship between Resting Full-Cycle Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve in Assessments of Coronary Stenosis Severity</article-title>
          <source>Catheter Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>96</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>E432</fpage>
          <lpage>E438</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ccd.28835</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6 Muroya T, Kawano H, Hata S, Shinboku H, Sonoda K, Kusumoto S, et al. Relationship between Resting Full-Cycle Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve in Assessments of Coronary Stenosis Severity. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;96(4):E432-E438. doi: 10.1002/ccd.28835.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kawase</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Omori</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tanigaki</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hirakawa</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hirata</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ota</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>In Vivo Validation of Resting Full-Cycle Ratio and Diastolic Pressure Ratio: Simultaneous Measurement with Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio</article-title>
          <source>Cardiovasc Interv Ther</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>36</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>74</fpage>
          <lpage>80</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12928-020-00648-4</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7 Kawase Y, Omori H, Tanigaki T, Hirakawa A, Hirata T, Ota H, et al. In Vivo Validation of Resting Full-Cycle Ratio and Diastolic Pressure Ratio: Simultaneous Measurement with Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2021;36(1):74-80. doi: 10.1007/s12928-020-00648-4.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Petraco</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sen</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nijjer</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Echavarria-Pinto</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Escaned</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Francis</surname>
              <given-names>DP</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Revascularization: Practical Implications of a Diagnostic Gray Zone and Measurement Variability on Clinical Decisions</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>6</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>222</fpage>
          <lpage>225</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jcin.2012.10.014</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Petraco R, Sen S, Nijjer S, Echavarria-Pinto M, Escaned J, Francis DP, et al. Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Revascularization: Practical Implications of a Diagnostic Gray Zone and Measurement Variability on Clinical Decisions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6(3):222-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2012.10.014.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Agarwal</surname>
              <given-names>SK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kasula</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Edupuganti</surname>
              <given-names>MM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Raina</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shailesh</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Almomani</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical Decision-Making for the Hemodynamic &#8220;Gray Zone&#8221; (FFR 0.75-0.80) and Long-Term Outcomes</article-title>
          <source>J Invasive Cardiol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>29</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>371</fpage>
          <lpage>376</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0735-1097(16)30380-1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9 Agarwal SK, Kasula S, Edupuganti MM, Raina S, Shailesh F, Almomani A, et al. Clinical Decision-Making for the Hemodynamic &#8220;Gray Zone&#8221; (FFR 0.75-0.80) and Long-Term Outcomes. J Invasive Cardiol. 2017;29(11):371-376. doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(16)30380-1.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Petraco</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Park</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sen</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nijjer</surname>
              <given-names>SS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Malik</surname>
              <given-names>IS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Echavarr&#237;a-Pinto</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Hybrid iFR-FFR Decision-Making Strategy: Implications for Enhancing Universal Adoption of Physiology-Guided Coronary Revascularisation</article-title>
          <source>EuroIntervention</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>1157</fpage>
          <lpage>1165</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4244/EIJV8I10A179</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10 Petraco R, Park JJ, Sen S, Nijjer SS, Malik IS, Echavarr&#237;a-Pinto M, et al. Hybrid iFR-FFR Decision-Making Strategy: Implications for Enhancing Universal Adoption of Physiology-Guided Coronary Revascularisation. EuroIntervention. 2013;8(10):1157-65. doi: 10.4244/EIJV8I10A179.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Casanova-Sandoval</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fern&#225;ndez-Rodr&#237;guez</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Otaegui</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jim&#233;nez</surname>
              <given-names>TG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rodr&#237;guez-Esteban</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rivera</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Usefulness of the Hybrid RFR-FFR Approach: Results of a Prospective and Multicenter Analysis of Diagnostic Agreement between RFR and FFR-The RECOPA (REsting Full-Cycle Ratio Comparation versus Fractional Flow Reserve (A Prospective Validation)) Study</article-title>
          <source>J Interv Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>2021</volume>
          <fpage>5522707</fpage>
          <lpage>5522707</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2021/5522707</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>11 Casanova-Sandoval J, Fern&#225;ndez-Rodr&#237;guez D, Otaegui I, Jim&#233;nez TG, Rodr&#237;guez-Esteban M, Rivera K, et al. Usefulness of the Hybrid RFR-FFR Approach: Results of a Prospective and Multicenter Analysis of Diagnostic Agreement between RFR and FFR-The RECOPA (REsting Full-Cycle Ratio Comparation versus Fractional Flow Reserve (A Prospective Validation)) Study. J Interv Cardiol. 2021;2021:5522707. doi: 10.1155/2021/5522707.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Goto</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Takashima</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ohashi</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ando</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Suzuki</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sakurai</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Independent Predictors of Discordance between the Resting Full-Cycle Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve</article-title>
          <source>Heart Vessels</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>36</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>790</fpage>
          <lpage>798</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00380-020-01763-1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>12 Goto R, Takashima H, Ohashi H, Ando H, Suzuki A, Sakurai S, et al. Independent Predictors of Discordance between the Resting Full-Cycle Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve. Heart Vessels. 2021;36(6):790-98. doi: 10.1007/s00380-020-01763-1.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kato</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dohi</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chikata</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fukase</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Takeuchi</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Takahashi</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Predictors of Discordance between Fractional Flow Reserve and Resting Full-Cycle Ratio in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Evidence from Clinical Practice</article-title>
          <source>J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>77</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>313</fpage>
          <lpage>319</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.10.014</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>13 Kato Y, Dohi T, Chikata Y, Fukase T, Takeuchi M, Takahashi N, et al. Predictors of Discordance between Fractional Flow Reserve and Resting Full-Cycle Ratio in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Evidence from Clinical Practice. J Cardiol. 2021;77(3):313-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.10.014.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Svanerud</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ahn</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jeremias</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>van &#8216;t Veer</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gore</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maehara</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Validation of a Novel Non-Hyperaemic Index of Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity: the Resting Full-cycle Ratio (VALIDATE RFR) study</article-title>
          <source>EuroIntervention</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>806</fpage>
          <lpage>814</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4244/EIJ-D-18-00342</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>14 Svanerud J, Ahn JM, Jeremias A, van &#8216;t Veer M, Gore A, Maehara A, et al. Validation of a Novel Non-Hyperaemic Index of Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity: the Resting Full-cycle Ratio (VALIDATE RFR) study. EuroIntervention. 2018;14(7):806-814. doi: 10.4244/EIJ-D-18-00342.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kumar</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Desai</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gore</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rahim</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maehara</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Matsumura</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Real World Validation of the Nonhyperemic Index of Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity-Resting Full-Cycle ratio-RE-VALIDATE</article-title>
          <source>Catheter Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>96</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>E53</fpage>
          <lpage>E58</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ccd.28523</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>15 Kumar G, Desai R, Gore A, Rahim H, Maehara A, Matsumura M, et al. Real World Validation of the Nonhyperemic Index of Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity-Resting Full-Cycle ratio-RE-VALIDATE. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;96(1):E53-E58. doi: 10.1002/ccd.28523.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Muroya</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kawano</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hata</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shinboku</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sonoda</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kusumoto</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Relationship between Resting Full-Cycle Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve in Assessments of Coronary Stenosis Severity</article-title>
          <source>Catheter Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>96</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>E432</fpage>
          <lpage>E438</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ccd.28835</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>16 Muroya T, Kawano H, Hata S, Shinboku H, Sonoda K, Kusumoto S, et al. Relationship between Resting Full-Cycle Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve in Assessments of Coronary Stenosis Severity. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;96(4):E432-E438. doi: 10.1002/ccd.28835.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kawase</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Omori</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tanigaki</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hirakawa</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hirata</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ota</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>In vivo Validation of Resting Full-Cycle Ratio and Diastolic Pressure Ratio: Simultaneous Measurement with Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio</article-title>
          <source>Cardiovasc Interv Ther</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>36</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>74</fpage>
          <lpage>80</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12928-020-00648-4</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>17 Kawase Y, Omori H, Tanigaki T, Hirakawa A, Hirata T, Ota H, et al. In vivo Validation of Resting Full-Cycle Ratio and Diastolic Pressure Ratio: Simultaneous Measurement with Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2021;36(1):74-80. doi: 10.1007/s12928-020-00648-4.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Grimes</surname>
              <given-names>DA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schulz</surname>
              <given-names>KF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Refining Clinical Diagnosis with Likelihood Ratios</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2005</year>
          <volume>365</volume>
          <issue>9469</issue>
          <fpage>1500</fpage>
          <lpage>1505</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66422-7</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>18 Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Refining Clinical Diagnosis with Likelihood Ratios. Lancet. 2005;365(9469):1500-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66422-7.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Pijls</surname>
              <given-names>NH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>van Son</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kirkeeide</surname>
              <given-names>RL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>De Bruyne</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gould</surname>
              <given-names>KL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Experimental Basis of Determining Maximum Coronary, Myocardial, and Collateral Blood Flow by Pressure Measurements for Assessing Functional Stenosis Severity Before and After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>1993</year>
          <volume>87</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>1354</fpage>
          <lpage>1367</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/01.cir.87.4.1354</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>19 Pijls NH, van Son JA, Kirkeeide RL, De Bruyne B, Gould KL. Experimental Basis of Determining Maximum Coronary, Myocardial, and Collateral Blood Flow by Pressure Measurements for Assessing Functional Stenosis Severity Before and After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty. Circulation. 1993;87(4):1354-67. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.87.4.1354.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>De Bruyne</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bartunek</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sys</surname>
              <given-names>SU</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Heyndrickx</surname>
              <given-names>GR</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Relation between Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve Calculated from Coronary Pressure Measurements and Exercise-Induced Myocardial Ischemia</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>1995</year>
          <volume>92</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>39</fpage>
          <lpage>46</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/01.cir.92.1.39</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>20 De Bruyne B, Bartunek J, Sys SU, Heyndrickx GR. Relation between Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve Calculated from Coronary Pressure Measurements and Exercise-Induced Myocardial Ischemia. Circulation. 1995;92(1):39-46. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.92.1.39.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B21">
        <label>21</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cockcroft</surname>
              <given-names>DW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gault</surname>
              <given-names>MH</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prediction of Creatinine Clearance from Serum Creatinine</article-title>
          <source>Nephron</source>
          <year>1976</year>
          <volume>16</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>31</fpage>
          <lpage>41</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000180580</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>21 Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of Creatinine Clearance from Serum Creatinine. Nephron. 1976;16(1):31-41. doi: 10.1159/000180580.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <label>22</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Van Belle</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baptista</surname>
              <given-names>SB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Raposo</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Henderson</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rioufol</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Impact of Routine Fractional Flow Reserve on Management Decision and 1-Year Clinical Outcome of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes: PRIME-FFR (Insights From the POST-IT [Portuguese Study on the Evaluation of FFR-Guided Treatment of Coronary Disease] and R3F [French FFR Registry] Integrated Multicenter Registries - Implementation of FFR [Fractional Flow Reserve] in Routine Practice)</article-title>
          <source>Circ Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>10</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <elocation-id>e004296</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004296</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>22 Van Belle E, Baptista SB, Raposo L, Henderson J, Rioufol G, Santos L, et al. Impact of Routine Fractional Flow Reserve on Management Decision and 1-Year Clinical Outcome of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes: PRIME-FFR (Insights From the POST-IT [Portuguese Study on the Evaluation of FFR-Guided Treatment of Coronary Disease] and R3F [French FFR Registry] Integrated Multicenter Registries - Implementation of FFR [Fractional Flow Reserve] in Routine Practice). Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;10(6):e004296. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004296.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <sec>
      <title>*Material suplementar</title>
      <p>Para informa&#231;&#227;o adicional, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2022/11906/2022-0176_AO_Supplementary_Material_Ingles.pdf">clique aqui</ext-link>.</p>
    </sec>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Adjusting RFR by Predictors of Disagreement, &#8220;The Adjusted RFR&#8221;: An Alternative Methodology to Improve the Diagnostic Capacity of Coronary Indices</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2793-3631</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fern&#225;ndez-Rodr&#237;guez</surname>
            <given-names>Diego</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>statistical analysis</role>
          <role>writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Casanova-Sandoval</surname>
            <given-names>Juan</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barriuso</surname>
            <given-names>Ignacio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rivera</surname>
            <given-names>Kristian</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Otaegui</surname>
            <given-names>Imanol</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Blanco</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Garc&#237;a del</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jim&#233;nez</surname>
            <given-names>Teresa Gil</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>L&#243;pez-P&#233;rez</surname>
            <given-names>Manuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodr&#237;guez-Esteban</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Torres-Saura</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5271-1993</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>D&#237;az</surname>
            <given-names>V&#237;ctor Jim&#233;nez</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ocaranza-S&#225;nchez</surname>
            <given-names>Raymundo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Disdier</surname>
            <given-names>Vicente Peral</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Elvira</surname>
            <given-names>Guillermo S&#225;nchez</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Worner</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff11">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lleida</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida &#8211; Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff12">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lleida</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Institut de Recerca Biom&#233;dica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida &#8211; Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff13">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Barcelona</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitari Vall d&#180;Hebron, Barcelona &#8211; Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff14">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Granada</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario Cl&#237;nico San Cecilio, Granada &#8211; Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff15">
          <label>5</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Tenerife</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario Nuestra Se&#241;ora de Candelaria, Tenerife &#8211; Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff16">
          <label>6</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Elche</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario de Vinalop&#243;, Elche &#8211; Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff17">
          <label>7</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Vigo</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo &#8211; Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff18">
          <label>8</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lugo</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo &#8211; Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff19">
          <label>9</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Palma de Mallorca</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca &#8211; Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff20">
          <label>10</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Pamplona</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona &#8211; Spain</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Diego Fern&#225;ndez Rodr&#237;guez</bold> &#8226; Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova / IRB Lleida &#8211; Alcalde Rovira Roure 80. <postal-code>25198</postal-code>. Lleida &#8211; Spain E-mail: <email>dfernandez.lleida.ics@gencat.cat</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>Cutoff thresholds for the &#8220;resting full-cycle ratio&#8221; (RFR) oscillate in different series, suggesting that population characteristics may influence them. Likewise, predictors of discordance between the RFR and fractional flow reserve (FFR) have been documented. The RECOPA Study showed that diagnostic capacity is reduced in the RFR &#8220;grey zone&#8221;, requiring the performance of FFR to rule out or confirm ischemia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives</title>
          <p>To determine predictors of discordance, integrate the information they provide in a clinical-physiological index, the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;, and compare its agreement with the FFR.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>Using data from the RECOPA Study, predictors of discordance with respect to FFR were determined in the RFR &#8220;grey zone&#8221; (0.86 to 0.92) to construct an index (&#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;) that would weigh RFR together with predictors of discordance and evaluate its agreement with FFR.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>A total of 156 lesions were evaluated in 141 patients. Predictors of discordance were: chronic kidney disease, previous ischemic heart disease, lesions not involving the anterior descending artery, and acute coronary syndrome. Though limited, the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; improved the diagnostic capacity compared to the RFR in the &#8220;grey zone&#8221; (AUC-RFR = 0.651 versus AUC-&#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; = 0.749), also showing an improvement in all diagnostic indices when optimal cutoff thresholds were established (sensitivity: 59% to 68%; specificity: 62% to 75%; diagnostic accuracy: 60% to 71%; positive likelihood ratio: 1.51 to 2.34; negative likelihood ratio: 0.64 to 0.37).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p>Adjusting the RFR by integrating the information provided by predictors of discordance to obtain the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; improved the diagnostic capacity in our population. Further studies are required to evaluate whether clinical-physiological indices improve the diagnostic capacity of RFR or other coronary indices.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Angina</kwd>
        <kwd>Fractional Flow Reserve</kwd>
        <kwd>Resting Full-cycle Ratio</kwd>
        <kwd>Sensitivity</kwd>
        <kwd>Specificity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Coronary physiological indices are an essential tool in decision making in ischemic heart disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In clinical practice, they are used dichotomously to determine the functional significance of coronary lesions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> However, the choice of cutoff thresholds (CoTs) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis means that minimal changes in CoT may lead to relevant changes in sensitivity and specificity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Furthermore, the optimal CoTs vary between series, suggesting that the heterogeneity of the study populations may influence the diagnostic capacity of these indices.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The concept of the &#8220;grey zone&#8221; in the coronary flow reserve or fractional flow reserve (FFR)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> refers to a range of values close to the CoT whose extremes have high predictive values to confirm or rule out ischemia. This concept has also been studied with non-hyperemic resting indices (NHRIs).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> The RECOPA Study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> was a validation study of the &#8220;resting full-cycle ratio&#8221; (RFR) against FFR in &#8220;real life&#8221; which also evaluated the usefulness of a hybrid strategy of RFR and FFR for the functional assessment of &#8220;grey zone&#8221; stenosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        <p>On the other hand, there is growing interest in determining predictors of discordance between NHRIs and FFR. Recent studies<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> have identified some of them for RFR. However, to the best of our knowledge, the information from these predictors has not been used to improve the diagnostic capacity of coronary indices in general, or of NHRIs in particular.</p>
        <p>Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine predictors of discordance between RFR and FFR and to integrate this information to construct a modified index of RFR, the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;, which allows for improving the diagnostic capacity with respect to RFR in the &#8220;grey zone&#8221;.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Material and methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study population</title>
          <p>The population of this study was selected using data from the RECOPA Study, the details and results of which have previously been published.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of each site, meeting the requirements and standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments, as well as applicable data protection regulations.</p>
          <p>To summarize, the RECOPA Study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> was a validation study of RFR versus FFR in standard practice, where 380 coronary lesions in 311 patients were functionally evaluated by pressure guidance, obtaining RFR and FFR values. The thresholds for detecting ischemia were RFR &#8804; 0.89 and FFR &#8804; 0.80, with correlation levels (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.81; p &lt; 0.001), sensitivity (76%) and specificity (80%), similar to those reported by other &#8220;real life&#8221; studies. However, their application to the study population showed limited predictive values (positive predictive value [PPV] = 68%; negative predictive value [NPV] = 80%). Therefore, a &#8220;grey zone&#8221; (RFR from 0.86 to 0.92) was determined in which to assess the functional impact of stenoses using both techniques (hybrid RFR-FFR strategy), making it possible to obtain high predictive values (PPV = 91%; NPV = 92%) and to reduce the administration of vasodilators by 58%.</p>
          <p>Since the extreme values of the RFR make it possible to obtain a very high agreement, concentrating the discrepancy between both techniques in the &#8220;grey zone&#8221;, only lesions with RFR of 0.86 to 0.92 were selected, ultimately including a total of 156 lesions, corresponding to 141 patients.</p>
          <p>Determination of the Predictors of Discordance and Establishment of the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;</p>
          <p>RFR<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> is an NHRI that evaluates the hemodynamic significance of coronary stenoses, identifying the minimum ratio between blood pressure distal to the coronary stenosis (Pd) and aortic blood pressure (Pa) throughout the cardiac cycle. A CoT of RFR &#8804; 0.89 is considered the most adequate for determining the presence of ischemia, despite variations in the optimal CoTs reported in the different series.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> In an attempt to fine-tune the agreement with the FFR in the &#8220;grey zone&#8221; (RFR from 0.86 to 0.92).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> an analysis was performed to determine the predictors of discordance between both techniques, and information provided by them was then included in the construction of a new index: &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;.</p>
          <p>First, lesions were grouped into 4 groups according to the functional study result: RFR-/FFR- (true negative), RFR+/FFR- (false positive [FP]), RFR-/FFR+ (false negative [FN]), and RFR+/FFR+ (true positive), comparing the clinical and angiographic characteristics between each group. Subsequently, the groups with discordant results were selected: RFR+/FFR- (FP) and RFR-/FFR+ (FN); independent predictors of discordance were then determined for each group. Finally, the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; was constructed including the RFR and the predictors of discordance, assigning them their corresponding weighting coefficients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), with two-tailed values of p &lt; 0.05 considered statistically significant. Categorical variables were presented as numbers and relative frequencies (percentages), and continuous variables as mean (standard deviation) or median with range or interquartile range depending on their distribution. Continuous variables were compared using Student&#8217;s t test for unpaired samples, and categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared test or Fisher&#8217;s exact test, as appropriate. Mann&#8211;Whitney U tests were used for non-parametric data.</p>
          <p>To identify predictors of discordance, for both FP and FN, binary logistic regression models were used, including in the final multivariate analysis those predictors with values &#8804; 0.10 in the univariate analysis. Results were given as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Once the predictors of discordance were obtained, the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; was constructed using linear regression to establish a predictive model of FFR that contemplates the value of the RFR and the predictors of discordance, assigning them a coefficient that weighed their relevance using the following algorithm:</p>
          <disp-formula id="eq3">
            <label>&#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;:</label>
            <mml:math id="m3" display="block">
              <mml:mrow>
                <mml:mtext>p</mml:mtext>
                <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>
                <mml:mtext>y</mml:mtext>
                <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
                <mml:mtext>FFR</mml:mtext>
                <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>
                <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
                <mml:mtext>RFR&#8201;Adjusted</mml:mtext>
                <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
                <mml:msub>
                  <mml:mtext>&#946;</mml:mtext>
                  <mml:mrow>
                    <mml:mtext>cte</mml:mtext>
                  </mml:mrow>
                </mml:msub>
                <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                <mml:msub>
                  <mml:mtext>&#946;</mml:mtext>
                  <mml:mrow>
                    <mml:mtext>RFR</mml:mtext>
                  </mml:mrow>
                </mml:msub>
                <mml:mo>&#8727;</mml:mo>
                <mml:mtext>RFR</mml:mtext>
                <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                <mml:mo>&#8230;</mml:mo>
                <mml:mo>&#8230;</mml:mo>
                <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                <mml:msub>
                  <mml:mtext>&#946;</mml:mtext>
                  <mml:mtext>n</mml:mtext>
                </mml:msub>
                <mml:mo>&#8727;</mml:mo>
                <mml:msub>
                  <mml:mtext>X</mml:mtext>
                  <mml:mtext>n</mml:mtext>
                </mml:msub>
              </mml:mrow>
            </mml:math>
          </disp-formula>
          <p>*Weighted coefficients (&#946;<sub>i</sub>) could be positive or negative depending on whether predictors were protective or risk factors for being FN or FP.</p>
          <p>Finally, sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed, also estimating the optimal CoT of the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; to obtain an FFR value &#8804; 0.80, using ROC curve analysis. Positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-) were also calculated for RFR and &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;, considering the test utility as follows:<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
          <list list-type="simple">
            <list-item>
              <label>&#8211;</label>
              <p>LR+: &lt; 2 (not useful); 2 to 5 (fair); 5 to 10 (good); &gt; 10 (excellent).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#8211;</label>
              <p>LR&#8722;: &gt; 0.5 (not useful); 0.5 to 0.2 (fair); 0.2 to 0.1 (good); &lt; 0.1 (excellent).</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>In this study, 141 patients, with a total of 156 lesions, were included. A single lesion was explored in most patients, with 4 being the maximum number of lesions evaluated in 1 patient.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Clinical and angiographic characteristics</title>
          <p>Baseline characteristics per patient are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 1</xref>. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Table 2</xref> shows, per lesion, the baseline characteristics of the 4 comparison groups, observing that FPs (RFR+/FFR-) were older, and they had a greater prevalence of chronic kidney disease and a greater percentage of previous chronic ischemic heart disease. As regards FNs (RFR-/FFR+), a greater prevalence of active smoking and acute coronary syndrome was found. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Table 3</xref> also shows, per lesion, the angiographic and physiological characteristics of the comparison groups, noting that FNs (RFR-/FFR+) had a higher percentage of lesions not involving the left anterior descending artery compared to all other groups. The specifically affected coronary segment is presented in the Supplementary Material. In addition, a gradient in RFR and Pd/Pa values was observed between the 4 comparison arms.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t5">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Baseline characteristics per patient</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="49%">
                <col width="1%"/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <th align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"/>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Patients (n=141)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Age</bold>, <italic>(years), mean (SD)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">65.82 (12.3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Female sex</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">39 (27.7%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>BMI</bold>, <italic>(kg/m<sup>2</sup>), mean (SD)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">28.0 (4.8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Hypertension</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">104 (73.8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Dyslipidemia</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">93 (66%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Diabetes mellitus</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">50 (35.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Current smoker</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">26 (18.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Previous chronic ischemic heart disease</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">40 (28.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Cerebrovascular disease</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">13 (9.2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Atrial fibrillation</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">15 (10.6%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">13 (9.2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>COPD</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">9 (6.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Glomerular filtration rate</bold>, <italic>(mL/min/1.73 m</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup><italic>), mean (SD)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">74.0 (31.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Chronic kidney disease</bold>, <italic>(glomerular filtration rate &lt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>), <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">51 (36.7%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Clinical indication</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">&#8211; Stable angina</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">102 (72.3%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">&#8211; Non ST-segment elevation ACS: <break/>culprit lesion</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">21 (14.9%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">&#8211; Non ST-segment elevation ACS: <break/>non-culprit lesion</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (7.1%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">&#8211; ST-segment elevation ACS: <break/>non-culprit lesion</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (5.7%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Lesions/patient</bold>, <italic>(n), median (minimum-maximum)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1 (1-4)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN5">
                <p>ACS: acute coronary syndrome; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD: standard deviation.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <table-wrap id="t6">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Baseline characteristics per lesion</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="16%">
                <col width="1%"/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <th align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"/>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">TN: RFR-/FFR- <break/>(n=60)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">FP: RFR+/FFR- <break/>(n=41)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">FN: RFR-/FFR+ <break/>(n=21)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">TP: RFR+/FFR+ <break/>(n=34)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">p value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Age</bold>, <italic>(years), mean (SD)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">63.0 (14.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">71.5 (10.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">62.1 (8.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">66.2 (10.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.002</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Female sex</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">18 (30.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">13 (31.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">5 (23.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (11.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.182</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>BMI</bold>, <italic>(Kg/m</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup><italic>), mean (SD)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">27.8 (4.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">27.7 (4.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">29.2 (5.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">27.8 (4.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.647</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Hypertension</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">43 (71.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">30 (73.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">18 (85.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (70.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.600</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Dyslipidemia</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">38 (63.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">25 (61.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">13 (61.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">22 (64.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.989</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Diabetes mellitus</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">20 (33.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">18 (43.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (19.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (41.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.229</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Current smoker</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (23.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">3 (7.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">9 (42.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">7 (20.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.013</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Previous chronic ischemic heart disease</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">26 (43.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">5 (12.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (38.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">7 (20.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.004</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Cerebrovascular disease</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">5 (8.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">5 (12.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2 (9.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2 (5.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.862</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Atrial fibrillation</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (6.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">6 (14.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1 (4.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (11.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.468</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Peripheral vascular disease</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">5 (8.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (9.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">6 (17.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.181</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>COPD</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">6 (10.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (11.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.061</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Glomerular filtration rate</bold>, <italic>(mL/min/1.73 m</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>), <italic>mean (SD)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">78.4 (33.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">57.5 (26.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">90.1 (20.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">74.4 (29.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>&lt; 0.001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Chronic kidney disease</bold>, <italic>(glomerular filtration rate &lt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>), <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">19 (31.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">26 (63.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2 (9.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">9 (26.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>&lt; 0.001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Clinical indication</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.012</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>Stable angina</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">46 (76.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">33 (80.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">9 (42.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (70.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>Acute coronary syndrome</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (23.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (19.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">12 (57.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (29.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN6">
                <p>BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FFR: fractional flow reserve; FN: false negative; FP: false positive; RFR: resting full-cycle ratio; SD: standard deviation; TN: true negative; TP: true positive.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <table-wrap id="t7">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Angiographic and physiological characteristics per lesion</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="16%">
                <col width="1%"/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <th align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"/>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">TN: RFR-/FFR- <break/>(n=60)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">FP: RFR+/FFR- <break/>(n=41)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">FN: RFR-/FFR+ <break/>(n=21)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">TP: RFR+/FFR+ (n=34)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">p value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Adenosine administration</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.343</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>Adenosine intravenous</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">18 (30.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">17 (51.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (47.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (29.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>Adenosine intracoronary</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">42 (70.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (58.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">11 (52.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (70.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Guide catheter size</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.574</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>5 French</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2 (3.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2 (4.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1 82.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>6 French</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">58 (96.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">39 (95.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">21 (100%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">32 (94.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>7 French</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0 (0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1 (2.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Affected vessel</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.019</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>LAD</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">43 (71.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">33 (80.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">11 (52.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">30 (88.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>Non-LAD</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">17 (28.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (19.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (47.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (11.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Percentage of stenosis</bold>, <italic>(%), mean (SD)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">57 (11)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">57 (10)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">61 (10)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">61 (9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.136</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Length of the lesion</bold>, <italic>n (%)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.716</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>&lt;12 mm</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">30 (50.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">17 (41.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">11 (52.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">13 (38.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>12 to 25 mm</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">23 (38.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">20 (48.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">9 (42.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (44.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>&gt;25 mm</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">7 (11.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (9.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1 (4.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">6 (17.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Vessel diameter</bold>, <italic>(mm), mean (SD)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">3.01 (0.53)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2.89 (0.37)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2.93 (0.53)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2.92 (0.45)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.636</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2"><bold>Coronary indices</bold>, <italic>mean (SD)</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>RFR</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.91 (0.01)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.88 (0.01)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.91 (0.01)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.87 (0.01)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>&lt;0.001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>Pd/Pa</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.93 (0.02)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.92 (0.02)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.92 (0.02)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.90 (0.03)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>&lt;0.001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">- <italic>FFR</italic></td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.86 (0.03)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.85 (0.03)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.76 (0.04)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.76 (0.03)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>&lt;0.001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN7">
                <p>FFR: &#8220;fractional flow reserve&#8221;; FN: false negative; FP: false positive; LAD: affectation of the left anterior descending artery; non-LAD: not affecting the left anterior descending artery; Pd/Pa: ratio distal coronary pressure/aortic pressure; RFR: &#8220;resting full-cycle ratio&#8221;; SD: standard deviation; TN: true negative; TP: true positive.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Determination of predictors of discordance</title>
          <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Table 4</xref> shows the independent predictors of discordance for FP and FN. As regards FP (RFR+/FFR-), chronic kidney disease was identified as an independent risk factor for discordance (OR 3.224; 1.386 to 7.501; p = 0.007). In contrast, a history of chronic ischemic heart disease was shown to be a protective factor against discordance (OR 0.296; 0.102 to 0.858; p = 0.025). As regards FN (RFR-/FFR+), the clinical context of acute coronary syndrome (OR 3.687; 1.247 to 10.899; p = 0.018) and lesions in a location other than the left anterior descending artery (OR 3.529; 1.231 to 10.118; p = 0.019) were finally identified as independent risk factors for discordance.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t8">
            <label>Table 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Independent predictors of discordance</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="12%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <th style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="left" valign="middle" colspan="8">RFR+/FFR- (false positives)</th>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <th align="left" valign="middle">Univariate analysis</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">OR</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">CI (95%)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">P value</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Multivariate analysis</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">OR</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">CI (95%)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">p value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>CKD</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>4.911</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>2.298-10.498</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>&lt;0.001</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>DRC</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>3.224</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>1.386-7.501</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.007</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Age &#8805; 75 years</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>3.981</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>1.862-8.511</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>&lt;0.001</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>CIC pr&#233;via</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.296</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.102-0.858</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.025</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Non-LAD lesions</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.657</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.274-1.576</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.345</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>ACS</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.532</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.224-1.266</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.150</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Previous CIHD</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.251</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.091-0.688</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.005</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Current smoking</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.224</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.064-0.688</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.005</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <td style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="middle" colspan="8">
                    <bold>RFR-/FFR+ (false negatives)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Univariate analysis</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>OR</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>CI (95%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>P value</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Multivariate analysis</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>OR</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>CI (95%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>p value</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>ACS</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>4.292</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>1.658-11.107</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.002</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>SCA</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>3.687</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>1.247-10.899</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.018</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Current smoking</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>3.469</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>1.314-9.154</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.009</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Les&#245;es n&#227;o DAE</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>3.529</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>1.231-10.118</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.019</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Non-LAD lesions</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>3.323</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>1.285-8.594</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.010</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Previous CIHD</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1.157</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.603-4.091</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">0.352</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>CKD</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.158</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.035-0.706</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.003</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Age &#8805; 75 years</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.103</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.013-0.796</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">
                    <bold>0.003</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN8">
                <p>ACS: acute coronary syndrome; CI: confidence interval; CIHD: chronic ischemic heart disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; FFR: &#8220;fractional flow reserve&#8221;; non-LAD lesions: lesions not involving the left anterior descending artery; OR: odds ratio; RFR: &#8220;resting full-cycle ratio&#8221;.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Generation of the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;</title>
          <p>Finally, the RFR value and independent predictors were included in the model to generate the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;. The algorithm with the coefficients corresponding to each predictor is shown below:</p>
          <disp-formula id="eq4">
            <label>&#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;:</label>
            <mml:math id="m4" display="block">
              <mml:mtable columnalign="left">
                <mml:mtr>
                  <mml:mtd>
                    <mml:mtext>Adjusted&#8201;RFR</mml:mtext>
                    <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
                    <mml:mn>0.009</mml:mn>
                    <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                    <mml:mn>0.912</mml:mn>
                    <mml:mtext>*RFR</mml:mtext>
                    <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>
                    <mml:mn>0.023</mml:mn>
                    <mml:mtext>*CKD</mml:mtext>
                    <mml:mo>&#8722;</mml:mo>
                    <mml:mn>0.019</mml:mn>
                    <mml:mtext>*non-LAD</mml:mtext>
                  </mml:mtd>
                </mml:mtr>
                <mml:mtr>
                  <mml:mtd>
                    <mml:mo>&#8722;</mml:mo>
                    <mml:mn>0.017</mml:mn>
                    <mml:mtext>*ACS</mml:mtext>
                    <mml:mo>&#8722;</mml:mo>
                    <mml:mn>0.005</mml:mn>
                    <mml:mtext>*previous&#8201;CIHD</mml:mtext>
                  </mml:mtd>
                </mml:mtr>
              </mml:mtable>
            </mml:math>
          </disp-formula>
          <p>Abbreviations: RFR: &#8220;resting full-cycle ratio&#8221;; CKD: chronic kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate &lt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>); non-LAD: lesions not affecting the left anterior descending artery; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; previous CIHD: history of chronic ischemic heart disease.</p>
          <p>This algorithm shows that chronic kidney disease (risk factor for FP) is entered with a positive sign. Lesions not affecting the left anterior descending artery and indication for acute coronary syndrome (both risk factors for FN), as well as history of chronic ischemic heart disease (protective factor for FP), are entered with a negative sign.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Sensitivity and specificity analysis</title>
          <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1</xref> shows the comparative ROC curves for RFR and the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;. An increase was seen in the area under the curve (AUC) of the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; with respect to the RFR, from 0.651 to 0.749, determining as optimal CoT an &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; of &#8804; 0.8172 to detect FFR values &#8804; 0.80. Likewise, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 2</xref> compares the contingency tables of both indices according to the established CoTs, with improvements in sensitivity ranging from 59% to 68%, specificity ranging from 62% to 75%, diagnostic accuracy ranging from 60% to 71%, PPV ranging from 45% to 56%, and NPV ranging from 74% to 83%. Of particular interest is the improvement in LRs, where we found that, with the new index, LR+ increased from 1.51 to 2.34 and LR- decreased from 0.64 to 0.37. Thus, the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; has satisfactory utility compared to RFR, which is not useful for discriminating patients in the &#8220;grey zone&#8221;.</p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>ROC curves of RFR versus FFR &#8804; 0.80 and &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; and FFR &#8804; 0.80. AUC: area under the curve; FFR: fractional flow reserve; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; RFR: resting full-cycle ratio. The ROC curve showed an AUC for the RFR of 0.651 (0.559 to 0.744; p = 0.002), improving the AUC for &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; to 0.749 (0.669 to 0.828; p &lt; 0.001) and establishing as optimum cutoff threshold for &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; a value of 0.8172.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-05-0705-20176-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
          <fig id="f4">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Comparison of diagnostic parameters according to 2 &#215; 2 Tables for the cutoff thresholds of RFR (&#8804; 0.89) and &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; (&#8804; 0.8172) versus FFR (&#8804; 0.80). FFR: fractional flow reserve; FN: false negative; FP: false positive; NPV: negative predictive value; LR+: positive likelihood ratio; LR-: negative likelihood ratio; PPV: positive predictive value; RFR: resting full-cycle ratio; TN: true negative; TP: true positive.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-05-0705-20176-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The main findings of the study were: a) chronic kidney disease, involvement of arteries other than the left anterior descending artery, indication for acute coronary syndrome, and history of chronic ischemic heart disease were shown as independent predictors of discordance in the &#8220;grey zone&#8221; of the RFR with respect to FFR; and b) the modification of the RFR by including independent predictors of discordance (&#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;) made it possible to improve the diagnostic capacity of the test for &#8220;grey zone&#8221; values.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Selection of the target population: Why the &#8220;grey zone&#8221;?</title>
          <p>Any continuous quantitative index used dichotomously involves some degree of diagnostic uncertainty in values close to the established CoT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> The concept of &#8220;grey zone&#8221; for coronary physiological indices arises from validation studies of the FFR for the detection of ischemia induced by epicardial coronary stenosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> This concept was subsequently extended to other NHRIs such as the instantaneous wave-free ratio and the RFR, showing that extreme NHRI values showed very high agreement with FFR, and, in values close to CoT (&#8220;grey zone&#8221;), the diagnostic capacity decreased.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Since it is plausible that the few discordant results between RFR and FFR in case of extreme RFR values are mainly related to errors in the measurement technique, it was decided to restrict the determination of predictors of discordance to the &#8220;grey zone&#8221; of RFR.</p>
          <p>In addition, the proportion of patients assessed by invasive physiological study located in the &#8220;grey zone&#8221; is relevant, showing in data on RFR and instantaneous wave-free ratio that the proportion of patients may exceed 40%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Therefore, we consider it essential to develop diagnostic tools that make it possible to refine the diagnosis of NHRI and eventually other invasive physiological indices, of either epicardial circulation or coronary microcirculation, for this range of values.</p>
          <p>Assessment of predictors of discordance: Does the affected coronary territory predict false positives or false negatives?</p>
          <p>Given the limited sample size and the heterogeneity of the study populations assessed by the predictors of discordance between RFR and FFR, it is reasonable that exactly the same predictors are not observed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Our findings show results similar to those already reported by Goto<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> and Kato<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> regarding chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for FP. We also found acute coronary syndrome to be a risk factor for FN and a history of chronic ischemic heart disease to be a protective factor for FP, and we did not find peripheral arterial disease, sex, or body dimensions, assessed as body surface area or as body mass index in our case, to be predictors of discordance as in previous studies.</p>
          <p>However, one of the most striking findings of both previous studies was that left anterior descending artery lesions behaved as a risk factor for FP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Specifically, Kato&#8217;s study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> found that lesions not affecting the left anterior descending artery behaved as a risk factor for FN, in a similar way to our own results. In this study, in the case of complementary variables (e.g., presence or absence of chronic kidney disease), we decided to assess the behavior of the least common variable as a predictor of discordance. Considering this approach regarding the location of coronary lesions (involvement versus non-involvement of the left anterior descending artery), we found that, in previous research,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> the majority of evaluated stenoses involved the left anterior descending artery, in line with standard practice.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Thus, we hypothesized that the condition of risk factor for FP or FN according to the location of coronary stenoses would show complementary aspects, and since most lesions correspond to the left anterior descending artery, it seemed more appropriate to assess, as a predictor of discordance, that of lower prevalence in standard practice, which for coronary lesions is the involvement of territories other than the left anterior descending artery.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Generation of the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;: Why adjust for discordance factors?</title>
          <p>To date, studies on invasive coronary physiological indices have not considered integrating the information provided by clinical parameters, and <italic>our work is the first to attempt this.</italic> However, the development of clinical-physiological indices presents the question of which parameters to include to reinforce the results of coronary indices. Since the predictors of discordance are those that contain information about the specific characteristics of FPs and FNs, we chose to only include these parameters in a global index that would make it possible to reduce errors in the diagnostic classification of patients.</p>
          <p>In the proposed algorithm, the information provided by the independent predictors of discordance, together with the RFR, was integrated using a regression model. The model subsequently assigned a constant for the algorithm and the coefficients with their corresponding sign (positive or negative) for each variable. Finally, the model was evaluated, establishing as optimal CoT a value of &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; &#8804; 0.8172 to detect FFR values &#8804; 0.80.</p>
          <p>Based on the above, the algorithm should be interpreted as follows. For &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;, the variable with the greatest weight is RFR since it has the highest coefficient (+0.912), which may be modified incrementally or decrementally depending on whether the patient has any or all predictors of discordance. The presence of chronic kidney disease (risk factor for FP) increases the final value of the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;, making it easier to reclassify the patient as negative, while previous chronic ischemic heart disease (FP protective factor) decreases it, making it difficult to reclassify the negative patient. Similarly, lesions in territories other than the left anterior descending artery and acute coronary syndrome (both risk factors for FN) reduce the final value of the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;, making it easier to reclassify the patient as positive. In addition, the algorithm guides not only the direction in which to reclassify patients but also to weigh the influence of the predictors, according to the weight of their coefficients.</p>
          <p>Utility of the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;: Can the development of clinical-physiological indices be clinically relevant?</p>
          <p>The integration of the result of a test with the clinical characteristics of the patient is common in multiple settings. As an example, the most precise estimate of renal function is obtained by combining serum creatinine values with other parameters such as age, weight, and sex.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> The &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; allows for an improved diagnostic capacity compared to the use of RFR alone. Although such improvement was limited in our population, the results suggest that a clinical-physiological index improves all diagnostic parameters. This is particularly visible in the improvement of LRs, where we found that &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; allows for improvement of test utility compared to the RFR in the &#8220;grey zone&#8221;.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Limitations</title>
          <p>First, the RECOPA Study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> was a single-country study (Spain), which may limit its extrapolation to other populations. However, its multicenter nature attenuates this limitation. Second, the inclusion criteria of the RECOPA Study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> also allowed the recruitment of patients with acute coronary syndrome, despite the fact that invasive assessment of coronary lesions is mainly recommended in patients with stable angina. However, in standard practice, coronary indices are also used in acute coronary syndrome, which has been supported in the literature,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> and this scenario may also influence its results. Third, the limited sample size of our study could be extended, and the methodology used could be modified in subsequent studies to further refine the construction of combined indices. However, our research found an improvement in all diagnostic parameters. Finally, it should be noted that, in addition to studies allowing for the derivation of new clinical-physiological indices, validation studies are required in external populations.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>Adjusting the RFR by integrating the information provided by the predictors of discordance to obtain the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221; improved the diagnostic capacity in our population. The development of clinical-physiological indices, including RFR or other indices, could improve the diagnostic capacity of coronary physiological indices. Future studies in large populations are required to assess the utility of similar methodologies in refining coronary physiology studies.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>What is known about the topic?</title>
          <p>Minimal changes in CoTs of coronary physiology tests lead to significant changes in sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. In addition, variability exists between the CoTs of RFR in the different series, suggesting an influence of population characteristics on the diagnostic capacity of this index. Predictors of discordance have already been documented between the results offered by the RFR and the diagnostic &#8220;gold standard&#8221; for coronary physiology tests, namely, the FFR. These predictors seem useful to complement the information offered by the RFR for values in the &#8220;grey zone&#8221;.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>What&#8217;s new?</title>
          <p>Chronic kidney disease, involvement of arteries other than the left anterior descending artery, indication for acute coronary syndrome, and a history of chronic ischemic heart disease have been shown to be independent predictors of discordance in the &#8220;grey zone&#8221; of RFR as compared to FFR. The construction of a modified clinical-physiological index (the &#8220;Adjusted RFR&#8221;) that includes information on the RFR and predictors of discordance improved the diagnostic capacity in the &#8220;grey zone&#8221;. The development of clinical-physiological indices could be useful to improve both the diagnostic capacity of RFR and other coronary physiological indices.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <p>
            <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the CEIm Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida under the protocol number CEIC 2019. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <sec>
        <title>*Supplemental Materials</title>
        <p>For additional information, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2022/11906/2022-0176_AO_Supplementary_Material_Ingles.pdf">click here</ext-link>.</p>
      </sec>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
