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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">5frGTR3GMYnQBDhmdWdx7QC</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022001000631</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220187</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220187</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Alopecia Universal ap&#243;s Tratamento com Sinvastatina e Ezetimiba: Impactos na Fam&#237;lia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6814-1254</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ozyurtlu</surname>
            <given-names>Ferhat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4158-5469</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cetin</surname>
            <given-names>Nurullah</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Special Grand Medical Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Cardiology</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Manisa</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Special Grand Medical Hospital &#8211; Department of Cardiology , Manisa &#8211; Turquia </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label> 2 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Celal Bayar University</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculty of Medicine</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Department of Cardiology</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Manisa</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine , Department of Cardiology , Manisa &#8211; Turquia </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Ferhat Ozyurtlu &#8226; Special Grand Medical Hospital, G&#252;zelyurt Mah. 19 May&#305;s Cad. No:4. Yunusemre, Manisa &#8211; Turquia E-mail: <email>fozyurtlu@yahoo.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Ozyurtlu F, Cetin N; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Ozyurtlu F.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>21</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>631</fpage>
      <lpage>633</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <p>A alopecia areata (AA) &#233; uma doen&#231;a autoimune que se desenvolve no couro cabeludo ou em outras partes do corpo. A alopecia universal, que &#233; uma forma rara de alopecia areata, &#233; caracterizada pela perda de pelos que afeta todo o corpo. Nos dois pacientes apresentados, o tratamento com atorvastatina foi iniciado com o diagn&#243;stico de hipercolesterolemia, mas, quando as metas de valores n&#227;o foram alcan&#231;adas, foi iniciado o tratamento com uma combina&#231;&#227;o de sinvastatina e ezetimiba. Depois de um per&#237;odo de tratamento com sinvastatina e ezetimiba, o dist&#250;rbio de AA, o qual come&#231;ou com a perda de cabelo no couro cabeludo, espalhou pelo corpo todo e se transformou em alopecia universal. Embora as estatinas possam causar alopecia com rea&#231;&#245;es autoimunes, elas geralmente s&#227;o utilizadas no tratamento da alopecia, por seus efeitos imunomoduladores.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Alopecia</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Autoimune</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipercolesterolemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Atorvastatina/efeitos adversos</kwd>
        <kwd>Combina&#231;&#227;o de Ezetimiba e Sinvastatina/efeitos adversos</kwd>
        <kwd>Gen&#233;tica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Caso 1</title>
      <p>Uma paciente de 69 anos foi acompanhada em nossa cl&#237;nica com o diagn&#243;stico de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e doen&#231;a arterial coronariana. A paciente tinha hist&#243;rico de hipercolesterolemia. Seu escore Ductch (escore cl&#237;nico por hipercolesterolemia familiar, com um diagn&#243;stico definitivo &gt; 8 pontos) foi calculado como 12 pontos. Os par&#226;metros lip&#237;deos obtidos em nossa cl&#237;nica foram: colesterol total de 380 mg/dl, lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade (LDL) de 299 mg/dl, lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade (HDL) de 62 mg/dl, e triglic&#233;rides 93 mg/dl. No hist&#243;rico m&#233;dico da paciente, descobriu-se que a paciente havia usado comprimidos de atorvastatina de 40 mg (Lipitor, Pfizer) por 6 meses, h&#225; 5 anos, mas o tratamento foi alterado por uma combina&#231;&#227;o de sinvastatina de 40 mg e ezetimiba de 10 mg (Inegy 10/40, Merck, Sharp &amp; Dohme) porque os valores-alvo n&#227;o podiam ser alcan&#231;ados. Isso resultou na queda, primeiramente de cabelo, seguida da queda de sobrancelhas, c&#237;lios, e dos pelos axilares e pubianos em 2 meses. A alopecia universal aumentou em aproximadamente 6 meses ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Paciente com alopecia universal, caso 1.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-04-0631-20187-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Caso 2</title>
      <p>O segundo caso foi do filho de 45 anos de idade da paciente, que tamb&#233;m apresentou alopecia universal ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> ). Seu escore de Dutch foi calculado em 14 pontos. Os par&#226;metros lip&#237;deos do paciente foram os seguintes: colesterol total de 382 mg/dl, colesterol LDL de 305 mg/dl, colesterol HDL de 57 mg/dl, e triglic&#233;rides 102 mg/dl. Esse paciente foi tratado com comprimidos de atorvastatina de 40 mg (Lipitor, Pfizer) simultaneamente com sua m&#227;e. Quando se identificou que o tratamento n&#227;o era eficaz ap&#243;s 5 meses, o tratamento usando a combina&#231;&#227;o de 40 mg de sinvastatina e 10 mg de ezetimiba (Inegy, Merck/Sharp &amp; Dohme) foi iniciado. Da mesma forma, ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento, observou-se a queda, primeiramente do cabelo, seguida da queda de sobrancelhas, c&#237;lios, e dos pelos axilares e pubianos em 2 meses, e a alopecia universal aumentou em aproximadamente 6 meses ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> ). Considerando-se que pode ser uma patologia relacionada a medicamentos, a aplica&#231;&#227;o de rem&#233;dios foi interrompida. Entretanto, n&#227;o se observou remiss&#227;o. Ambos os casos recusaram o tratamento dermatol&#243;gico para o tratamento da alopecia.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Paciente com alopecia universal, caso 2.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-04-0631-20187-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>AA &#233; uma forma de alopecia n&#227;o cicatricial com queda de cabelos em placas no couro cabeludo e queda de pelos em outros locais. Ela pode ocorrer em qualquer idade, e &#233; observada com mais frequ&#234;ncia na segunda e na quarta d&#233;cadas de vida. Geralmente, ela &#233; observada em ambos os sexos com a mesma frequ&#234;ncia. A incid&#234;ncia dessa situa&#231;&#227;o que pode ser aceita como relativamente comum &#233; 0,15%. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Embora a patog&#234;nese da doen&#231;a ainda n&#227;o seja totalmente conhecida, ela &#233; uma doen&#231;a autoimune e, al&#233;m dos fatores gen&#233;ticos, os fatores ambientais, tais como infec&#231;&#227;o e stress psicol&#243;gico, tamb&#233;m desempenham um papel importante na evolu&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a. A incid&#234;ncia familiar de 10%&#8211;20% corrobora a ativa&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica da doen&#231;a, o qual aumenta para 50% em g&#234;meos monozig&#243;ticos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Entretanto, a alopecia universal &#233; uma forma rara de AA, que &#233; definida como a queda de cabelos e de pelos corporais. Ela constitui 7%&#8211;30% de todos os casos de AA. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As estatinas s&#227;o os principais agentes terap&#234;uticos para o tratamento da hipercolesterolemia. Efeitos al&#233;m daqueles pretendidos durante a evolu&#231;&#227;o de um agente s&#227;o chamados de efeitos pleiotr&#243;picos. A redu&#231;&#227;o de isopren&#243;ides circulantes e a inativa&#231;&#227;o de prote&#237;nas sinalizadoras resulta em efeitos pleiotr&#243;picos de estatinas, tais como, efeitos anti-inflamat&#243;rios, antioxidantes, antiproliferativos e imunomoduladores, estabilidade de placa e inibi&#231;&#227;o da agrega&#231;&#227;o de plaquetas. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> As estatinas executam seus efeitos imunomoduladores que s&#227;o pleiotr&#243;picos, via mol&#233;culas de MHC-II, e c&#233;lulas T auxiliar 1 e T auxiliar 2. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Tamb&#233;m &#233; sabido que as c&#233;lulas T auxiliar 1 e T auxiliar 2 t&#234;m fun&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas na AA. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Uma rea&#231;&#227;o autoimune que desencadeia um mecanismo de estatinas pode causar a libera&#231;&#227;o de autoant&#237;genos por apoptose e, portanto, uma resposta de autoanticorpos. Entretanto, ela desencadeia a ativa&#231;&#227;o dos linf&#243;citos T causando uma mudan&#231;a no teor de colesterol da estrutura lip&#237;dica da membrana. O resultado &#233; a rea&#231;&#227;o da c&#233;lula T auxiliar 2 que leva &#224; produ&#231;&#227;o de autoanticorpos por c&#233;lulas B. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Na literatura, h&#225; casos em que a sinvastatina foi usada no tratamento da alopecia devido a seus efeitos imunomoduladores. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, sabe-se que as estatinas causam les&#227;o hep&#225;tica, como miopatia autoimune e hepatite autoimune. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Embora a queda de cabelo tenha sido relatada entre os efeitos colaterais incomuns das estatinas nas bulas, h&#225; um caso em que queda de cabelo relacionada a atorvastatina foi relatada na literatura. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Ezetimiba diminui a absor&#231;&#227;o do colesterol obtido pela dieta. Nenhum caso de alopecia causado pela monoterapia com ezetimiba foi relatado. Al&#233;m disso, foi relatado um caso de hepatite autoimune relacionada &#224; combina&#231;&#227;o de ezetimiba e sinvastatina. Entretanto, s&#243; &#233; poss&#237;vel especular se o fator que causou isso estava relacionado &#224; estatina ou ao ezetimiba. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Embora estatina, ezetimiba e sua combina&#231;&#227;o sejam usados no tratamento da alopecia devido a seus efeitos imunomoduladores, ironicamente, em nossos casos, acredita-se que a combina&#231;&#227;o foi temporariamente associada ao in&#237;cio da alopecia em ambos os casos, e pode ter contribu&#237;do para a doen&#231;a. Al&#233;m disso, observa-se que fatores gen&#233;ticos t&#234;m um grande papel nos casos em que o mesmo medicamento causa a alopecia e se torna o tratamento para ela.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
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      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Alopecia Universalis after Treatment with Simvastatin and Ezetimibe: Affects on Family</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6814-1254</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ozyurtlu</surname>
            <given-names>Ferhat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4158-5469</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cetin</surname>
            <given-names>Nurullah</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Special Grand Medical Hospital &#8211; Department of Cardiology, Manisa- Turkey</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Manisa &#8211; Turkey</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Ferhat Ozyurtlu &#8226; Special Grand Medical Hospital, G&#252;zelyurt Mah. 19 May&#305;s Cad. No:4. Yunusemre, Manisa &#8211; Turkey E-mail: fozyurtlu@yahoo.com</corresp>
        <fn id="fn1001">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual contente: Ozyurtlu F, Cetin N; Acquisition of data: Ozyurtlu F.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn>
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <p>Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that grows in the scalp or in other parts of the body. Alopecia universalis, which is a rare form of alopecia areata, is characterized by a loss of hair that affects the entire body. In the two patients presented in this study, atorvastatin treatment was implemented, with the diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia; however, when the target values were not reached, a combination of simvastatin and ezetimibe was implemented. After a period of simvastatin/ezetimibe treatment, the AA disorder, which began with hair loss on the scalp, spread to the entire body and turned into Alopecia Universalis. Although statins can cause alopecia with autoimmune reactions, they are generally used in the treatment of alopecia due to their immunomodulatory effects.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Alopecia</kwd>
        <kwd>Autoimmune Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypercholesterolemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Atorvastatin/adverse effects</kwd>
        <kwd>Ezetimibe, Simvastatin Drug Combination/adverse effects</kwd>
        <kwd>Genetic</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Case 1</title>
        <p>A 69-year-old female patient was followed up in our clinic with the diagnosis of heart failure and coronary artery disease. The patient had a history of hypercholesterolemia. Her Dutch score (clinical score for familial hypercholesterolemia, with a definite diagnosis &gt; 8 points) was calculated as 12 points. The lipid parameters obtained in our clinic were: total cholesterol of 380 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 299 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 62 mg/dl, and triglycerides of 93 mg/dl. In the patient&#8217;s medical history, it was learned that the patient had used 40 mg atorvastatin tablets (Lipitor, Pfizer) for 6 months, 5 years prior, but the treatment was changed to a combination of 40 mg simvastatin and 10 mg ezetimibe (Inegy 10/40, Merck, Sharp &amp; Dohme), since the target values could not be reached. This resulted in the patient losing of hair first from the head and then from the eyebrow, eyelashes, and the hair on the axillar and pubic parts of the body in 2 months. Alopecia universalis increased in approximately 6 months ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Alopecia universalis patient, case 1.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-04-0631-20187-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Case 2</title>
        <p>The second case was the 45-year-old son of the female patient, who also showed alopecia universalis ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> ). His Dutch score was calculated as 14 points. The patient&#8217;s lipid parameters were as follows: total cholesterol of 382 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol of 305 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol of 57 mg/dl, and triglycerides of 102 mg/dl. This patient was treated with 40 mg atorvastatin tablets (Lipitor, Pfizer) simultaneously with his mother. When the treatment proved to be ineffective after 5 months, the combination treatment of 40 mg simvastatin and 10 mg ezetimibe (Inegy, Merck/Sharp &amp; Dohme) was implemented. Likewise, after the treatment began, first the hair on the head, then eyebrow, eyelashes, and the hair on the axillar and pubic part of the body began to fall out in 2 months, and alopecia universalis increased in approximately 6 months ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> ). Considering that it can be a medicine-related pathology, the application of medicine was stopped; however, no remission was observed in the table. Both cases refused to receive dermatological treatment for the treatment of alopecia.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Alopecia universalis patient, case 2.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-04-0631-20187-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>AA is a non-scarring form of alopecia with a patchy loss of hair in the scalp and elsewhere. It can occur at any age, and it is more frequently observed in the second and fourth decades. Generally, it is observed in both sexes with the same frequency. The incidence of this situation that can be accepted as relatively common is 0.15%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Although the pathogenesis of the disease is not completely known, it is an autoimmune disease and apart from genetic factors; the environmental factors such as infection and psychological stress also play an important role in the development of this disease. The family incidence of 10%&#8211;20% supports the genetic activation of the disease, which increases to 50% for monozygotic twins.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> However, alopecia universalis is a rare form of AA, which is defined as the loss of all hair of the head and the body. It constitutes 7%&#8211;30% of all AA cases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The statins are the main therapeutic agents for treating hypercholesterolemia. Effects other than the intended effect during the development of an agent are called pleiotropic effects. Reduction in circulating isoprenoids and the inactivation of signaling proteins result in pleiotropic effects of statins, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects, plaque stability, and the inhibition of platelet aggregation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Statins execute their immunomodulatory effects, which are pleiotropic, via MHC-II moles, T helper 1 cells, and T helper 2 cells.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> It is also well-known that in AA, T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells play specific roles.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> An autoimmune reaction triggering mechanism of statins can cause apoptosis to release autoantigens and hence an autoantibody response. However, this triggers T-lymphocyte activation by causing a change in the cholesterol content of the membrane lipid structure. The result is a T helper 2 reaction that results in autoantibody production by B cells.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> In the literature, there are cases in which simvastatin was used in alopecia treatment because of its immunomodulator effects.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Along with this, it is also well-known that statins cause liver damage, such as autoimmune myopathy and autoimmune hepatitis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Although hair loss has been reported among the uncommon side effects of statins in the prospectus information, there is one case in which atorvastatin-related hair loss was reported in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Ezetimibe decreases the absorption of cholesterol obtained from the diet. No alopecia case caused by ezetimibe monotherapy has been reported. Moreover, an Ezetimibe/Simvastatine combination related to an autoimmune hepatitis case was reported. However, only a speculation can be done as to whether or not the factor causing this was statin-related or ezetimibe-related.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Although statin, ezetimibe, and their combination were used in alopecia treatment because of their immunomodulator effects, ironically, in our cases, it is believed that the combination was temporally associated with the beginning of alopecia in both cases, and may have contributed to the condition. Furthermore, it was observed that genetic factors play a broad role in which the same medicine both causes alopecia and becomes the treatment for alopecia.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
