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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">f9ZckpFSRt76WW7kRBrTK9f</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022001000585</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220638</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220638</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Efeito Cardioprotetor do Exerc&#237;cio Resistido no Remodelamento Ventricular Esquerdo Associado &#224; Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Pulmonar Induzida por Monocrotalina</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8895-9456</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira-Junior</surname>
            <given-names>Silvio A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7996-1482</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ogura</surname>
            <given-names>Alex Y.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9789-2487</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Marianna R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9477-3386</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martinez</surname>
            <given-names>Paula F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Campo Grande</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande , MS &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Silvio Assis de Oliveira-J&#250;nior &#8226; Instituto Integrado de Sa&#250;de &#8211; Cidade Universit&#225;ria, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) - Avenida Costa e Silva, s/n, Bairro Universit&#225;rio. CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>silvio.oliveira-jr@ufms.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>21</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>585</fpage>
      <lpage>586</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Cora&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico</kwd>
        <kwd>Contra&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CAPES</funding-source>
          <award-id>001</award-id>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar (HAP) &#233; caracterizada por resist&#234;ncia vascular pulmonar progressiva, acometendo v&#225;rias art&#233;rias e arter&#237;olas. As altera&#231;&#245;es est&#227;o associadas ao aumento da p&#243;s-carga e remodela&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito, caracterizada por hipertrofia grave, inicialmente adaptativa e derivada do gradiente de press&#227;o vascular. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Posteriormente, essas altera&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o acompanhadas de dilata&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito e fun&#231;&#227;o contr&#225;til prejudicada, resultando em fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida e insufici&#234;ncia ventricular. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Clinicamente, as altera&#231;&#245;es do tamanho e dos par&#226;metros de fun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito t&#234;m reconhecida associa&#231;&#227;o com mau progn&#243;stico na hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Durante o desenvolvimento da HAP, quando a press&#227;o de enchimento do ventr&#237;culo direito est&#225; aumentada e o d&#233;bito card&#237;aco se deteriora, h&#225; concomitante sobrecarga volum&#233;trica e press&#243;rica no ventr&#237;culo direito. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Esses efeitos fazem com que o septo interventricular se desloque para o lado esquerdo, sustentando um movimento paradoxal. Em seguida, a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) e o desempenho diast&#243;lico s&#227;o afetados, repercutindo em comprometimento do enchimento diast&#243;lico precoce, redu&#231;&#227;o do volume diast&#243;lico final e remodelamento adverso. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Portanto, a disfun&#231;&#227;o do VE configura um efeito secund&#225;rio e importante do desenvolvimento de HAP. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em termos de tratamento, v&#225;rias interven&#231;&#245;es farmacol&#243;gicas t&#234;m sido adotadas como op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas para HAP. Apesar disso, a HAP tem sido associada a uma alta preval&#234;ncia de mortalidade e morbidade por complica&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas. Geralmente, os pacientes com HAP apresentam astenia, fadiga, dispneia e escores ruins de toler&#226;ncia ao esfor&#231;o e qualidade de vida. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O treinamento f&#237;sico &#233; uma ferramenta n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica em potencial para ser utilizada como op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica contra doen&#231;as e complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> V&#225;rios protocolos de treinamento f&#237;sico t&#234;m sido utilizados como interven&#231;&#245;es promissoras em experimentos com HAP. Protocolos de exerc&#237;cios aer&#243;bicos cont&#237;nuos promoveram efeitos ben&#233;ficos no remodelamento do ventr&#237;culo direito e da art&#233;ria pulmonar. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Da mesma forma, o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) atenuou a press&#227;o sist&#243;lica e o remodelamento do ventr&#237;culo direito e reduziu a resist&#234;ncia pulmonar total em um modelo experimental de HAP <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> induzida por monocrotalina (MCT). Por outro lado, os potenciais impactos das interven&#231;&#245;es de treinamento f&#237;sico sobre os aspectos do VE s&#227;o pouco esclarecidos em condi&#231;&#245;es experimentais de hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar.</p>
    <p>Na atual edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Soares et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> analisaram a influ&#234;ncia do treinamento f&#237;sico resistido na remodela&#231;&#227;o do VE e no desempenho dos cardiomi&#243;citos em ratos durante o desenvolvimento de HAP induzida por monocrotalina (MCT). Neste elegante estudo, os autores constataram que o exerc&#237;cio resistido aumentou progressivamente a toler&#226;ncia ao esfor&#231;o f&#237;sico durante o desenvolvimento da HAP em ratos submetidos a duas inje&#231;&#245;es de MCT (20 mg/kg) intervaladas por sete dias. Em compara&#231;&#227;o aos controles, os animais HAP treinados exibiram sinais de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca mais tardiamente. Da mesma forma, o treinamento resistido melhorou a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do VE, as velocidades de contra&#231;&#227;o e de relaxamento de cardiomi&#243;citos. Essas melhorias foram acompanhadas por redu&#231;&#227;o do col&#225;geno tipo I e aumento da quantidade de col&#225;geno tipo III em amostras de VE de animais HAP treinados. As fibras de col&#225;geno mioc&#225;rdico apresentam diferen&#231;as biomec&#226;nicas distintas; fibras de col&#225;geno I conferem maior rigidez, enquanto o col&#225;geno tipo III est&#225; associado a maior suscetibilidade &#224; deforma&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> o que pode estar relacionado a melhor desempenho contr&#225;til do VE.</p>
    <p>Portanto, o treinamento f&#237;sico resistido de baixa a moderada intensidade tem efeitos adjuvantes e cardioprotetores no controle do remodelamento do VE secund&#225;rio &#224; HAP induzida por MCT. Com base nisso, interven&#231;&#245;es semelhantes podem efetivamente minimizar as complica&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas associadas &#224; HAP. Por outro lado, como os par&#226;metros do treinamento f&#237;sico variam e podem sustentar m&#250;ltiplos protocolos, &#233; necess&#225;rio caracterizar melhor as demandas relativas &#224; velocidade e intensidade, como tamb&#233;m &#233; discutido pelos autores, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> al&#233;m de frequ&#234;ncia e dura&#231;&#227;o. Novos estudos contribuir&#227;o para elucidar os efeitos de diversos protocolos de treinamento resistido sobre dist&#250;rbios cardiopulmonares derivados da HAP induzida por MCT.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul &#8211; UFMS/MEC &#8211; Brasil; Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior &#8211; Brasil (CAPES) - C&#243;digo de Financiamento 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq).</p>
    </ack>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: O Treinamento F&#237;sico Resistido Atenua as Disfun&#231;&#245;es Ventriculares Esquerdas em Modelo de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Pulmonar</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardioprotective Effect of Resistance Exercise on Left Ventricular Remodeling Associated with Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8895-9456</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira-Junior</surname>
            <given-names>Silvio A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7996-1482</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ogura</surname>
            <given-names>Alex Y.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9789-2487</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Marianna R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9477-3386</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martinez</surname>
            <given-names>Paula F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Silvio Assis de Oliveira-J&#250;nior &#8226; Instituto Integrado de Sa&#250;de &#8211; Cidade Universit&#225;ria, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) - Avenida Costa e Silva, s/n, Bairro Universit&#225;rio. Postal Code 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS &#8211; Brazil E-mail: silvio.oliveira-jr@ufms.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Contraction</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by progressive pulmonary vascular resistance, affecting several arteries and arterioles. These changes are associated with increased right ventricular afterload and remodeling, characterized by severe hypertrophy, initially adaptive and derived from vascular pressure gradient.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Afterward, these alterations are accompanied by right ventricular dilation and impaired contractile performance, resulting in reduced ejection fraction and ventricular failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Clinically, right ventricular size and function parameters alterations have a recognized association with bad prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>During the PAH development, when right ventricular filling pressure has been increased, and cardiac output is deteriorating, there are concomitant volumetric and pressoric overload into the right ventricle.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> These effects make the interventricular septum move to the left side, sustaining a paradoxical movement. Next, left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction and diastolic performance are affected, facing impaired early diastolic filling, reduced end-diastolic volume, and adverse remodeling.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Therefore, LV dysfunction configures a secondary and important effect from PAH onset.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In terms of treatment, several pharmacological interventions have been adopted as therapeutic options for PAH. Despite this, PAH condition has been associated with a high prevalence of mortality and morbidity due to cardiac complications. Generally, PAH patients exhibit asthenia, fatigue, dyspnea, and poor scores of effort tolerance and quality of life.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Physical exercise training is a potential non-pharmacological tool to be used as a therapeutic option for cardiovascular diseases and complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Several physical training protocols have been used as promissory interventions in PAH experiments. Continuous aerobic exercise protocols promoted beneficial effects in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery remodeling.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Likewise, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) attenuated right ventricle systolic pressure and remodeling and lowered total pulmonary resistance in a rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> On the other hand, the potential impacts of exercise training interventions on LV aspects are few clarified in experimental conditions of pulmonary arterial hypertension.</p>
      <p>In the current edition of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> , Soares et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> analyzed the influence of resistance exercise training on LV remodeling and cardiomyocyte performance in rats during the development of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. In this elegant study, the Authors found that resistance exercise progressively increased tolerance to physical effort during the development of PAH in rats submitted to two injections of MCT (20 mg/kg) interspaced over seven days. Compared to control counterparts, trained PAH-animals exhibited later-onset heart failure signals. Likewise, resistance exercise training improved LV ejection fraction, cardiomyocyte contraction, and relaxation velocities. These improvements were accompanied decreased amount of type I collagen and increased type III collagen in LV samples from trained PAH-animals. Myocardial collagen fibers have distinct biomechanical differences; collagen I fibers confer higher stiffness, while type III collagen is associated with increased susceptibility to mechanical deformation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> which could be related to better LV contractile performance.</p>
      <p>Therefore, low- to moderate-intensity resistance exercise training has adjuvant and cardioprotective effects in controlling LV remodeling secondary to MCT-induced PAH. Based on this, similar interventions may effectively minimize cardiac complications associated with PAH. On the other hand, as exercise training parameters vary and may sustain multiple protocols, it is necessary to better characterize demands relative to speed and intensity, as also discussed by the authors,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> besides frequency and duration. Further studies will contribute to elucidating the effects of diverse resistance exercise training protocols on cardiopulmonary disorders derived from MCT-induced PAH.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgments</title>
        <p>Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul &#8211; UFMS/MEC &#8211; Brasil; Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior &#8211; Brasil (CAPES) - C&#243;digo de Financiamento 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq).</p>
      </ack>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Resistance Exercise Training Mitigates Left Ventricular Dysfunctions in Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Model</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
