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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">Q4rS6rR4FSVjGkNXbWhMn3p</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000900499</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210740</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210740</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o Ecocardiogr&#225;fica Transesof&#225;gica Bi e Tridimensional de Dissec&#231;&#227;o Espont&#226;nea do &#193;trio Esquerdo</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4883-0954</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Armenta-Moreno</surname>
            <given-names>Javier Ivan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn_ast1">
            <sup>*</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Berarducci</surname>
            <given-names>Joaquin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn_ast1">
            <sup>*</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia-Cardenas</surname>
            <given-names>Abel Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn_ast1">
            <sup>*</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Armendariz-Ferrari</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bermudez-Gonzalez</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Luis</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Straface</surname>
            <given-names>Juan Ignacio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Luna-Alvarez-Amezquita</surname>
            <given-names>Jose Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4820-1325</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Espinola-Zavaleta</surname>
            <given-names>Nilda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia Nuclear</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Cidade do M&#233;xico</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="MX">M&#233;xico</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia Nuclear &#8211; Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Cidade do M&#233;xico &#8211; M&#233;xico</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia Cl&#237;nica e Ecocardiografia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Nacional Hip&#243;lito Unanue</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lima</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PE">Peru</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia Cl&#237;nica e Ecocardiografia &#8211; Hospital Nacional Hip&#243;lito Unanue, Lima &#8211; Peru</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Ecocardiografia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro M&#233;dico ABC I.A.P.</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Cidade do M&#233;xico</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="MX">M&#233;xico</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Ecocardiografia &#8211; Centro M&#233;dico ABC I.A.P., Cidade do M&#233;xico &#8211; M&#233;xico</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Nilda Espinola-Zavaleta &#8226; Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez &#8211; Juan Badiano No. 1 Colonia Secci&#243;n XVI 14080 Tlalpan, 14080 &#8211; M&#233;xico E-mail: <email>niesza2001@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn_ast1">
          <label>*</label>
          <p>Os autores contribu&#237;ram igualmente nesse trabalho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Armenta-Moren JI, Berarducci J, Espinola-Zavaleta N; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Armenta-Moreno JI, Garcia-Cardenas AM, Armendariz-Ferrari JC, Espinola-Zavaleta N; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Garcia-Cardenas AM, Armendariz-Ferrari JC, Luna-Alvarez-Amezquita JA; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Bermudez-Gonzalez JL; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Straface JI; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Armenta-Moreno JI, Berarducci J, Armendariz-Ferrari JC; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Berarducci J, Garcia-Cardenas AM, Armendariz-Ferrari JC, Bermudez-Gonzalez JL, Straface JI, Luna-Alvarez-Amezquita JA, Espinola-Zavaleta N.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>499</fpage>
      <lpage>501</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Fun&#231;&#227;o do &#193;trio Esquerdo/fisiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia Tridimensional/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Choque Cardiog&#234;nico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="3"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Uma mulher de 41 anos de idade veio ao atendimento de emerg&#234;ncia com in&#237;cio de dispneia aguda, ingurgitamento jugular, e com o primeiro som card&#237;aco diminu&#237;do, seguido de um sopro holossist&#243;lico de grau III/IV que era melhor ouvido no v&#233;rtice e no edema das extremidades inferiores. Os sinais vitais eram frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 91 bpm, frequ&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria de 21 rpm, press&#227;o arterial 110/60 mmHg e satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio de 91%. O raio X do t&#243;rax mostrou cardiomegalia com um &#237;ndice cardiotor&#225;cico de 0,62, e hipertens&#227;o venocapilar pulmonar.</p>
    <p>A ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica bidimensional mostrou uma les&#227;o com apar&#234;ncia de cisto, ocupando um espa&#231;o com parede fina no &#225;trio esquerdo ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> , Pain&#233;is A e B), regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral moderada, fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica ventricular de 68% e efus&#227;o pleural esquerda ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> , Pain&#233;is C e D). Uma t&#233;cnica transesof&#225;gica (TEE) a 60&#176; ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> , Painel E) e a 90% ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> , Painel F) foi realizada para se obter uma melhor caracteriza&#231;&#227;o que confirmou a presen&#231;a de uma massa com apar&#234;ncia de cisto n&#227;o-homog&#234;neo no &#225;trio esquerdo envolvendo o anel mitral posterior e ocupando aproximadamente 60% da c&#226;mara atrial (V&#237;deo 1). O Doppler colorido revelou fluxo sangu&#237;neo na dire&#231;&#227;o dessa pseudocavidade ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> , Painel G). A TEE 3D vista do cirurgi&#227;o mostrou claramente uma pseudocavidade dentro do &#225;trio esquerdo que aparecia e desaparecia em rela&#231;&#227;o ao ciclo card&#237;aco ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> , Painel A) e inclu&#237;a o segmento p&#243;stero-medial do anel mitral ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> , Painel B) (V&#237;deo 2).</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Ecocardiograma com Doppler 2D transtor&#225;cico no corte paraesternal eixo longo mostrando &#225;trio de paredes finas tipo cisto (A) e regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral moderada (B). Na 4 c&#226;mara apical foi visualizado derrame pleural esquerdo (C) e tamb&#233;m regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral moderada (D). Imagens transesof&#225;gicas 2D a 60&#186; e 90&#186; (E, F) confirmaram a presen&#231;a de uma massa heterog&#234;nea tipo cisto (setas brancas) no &#225;trio esquerdo envolvendo o anel mitral posterior. O Doppler colorido revelou fluxo sangu&#237;neo para esta pseudocavidade (G). VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; AD: &#225;trio direito; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; Ao: aorta; DP: derrame pleural.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0499-10740-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f02">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Ecocardiografia 3D transesof&#225;gica na vis&#227;o do cirurgi&#227;o com pseudocavidade dentro do &#225;trio esquerdo aparecendo e desaparecendo (setas brancas) em rela&#231;&#227;o ao ciclo card&#237;aco (A) e compreendendo o segmento p&#243;stero-medial do anel mitral (setas brancas), (B).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0499-10740-gf02.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>O tratamento m&#233;dico para insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aguda foi iniciado com resposta fraca e evolu&#231;&#227;o para choque cardiog&#234;nico. A paciente foi levada imediatamente para o bloco cir&#250;rgico.</p>
    <p>Foi executada uma abordagem de emerg&#234;ncia de acordo com os achados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos. Foi realizada uma pericardiotomia, foi iniciada uma abordagem do &#225;trio esquerdo, em que o se observou perfura&#231;&#227;o de P2 e P3 no folheto retra&#237;do e fibr&#243;tico anterior, com evid&#234;ncia do orif&#237;cio de dissec&#231;&#227;o no anel e na parede posterior do &#225;trio.</p>
    <p>A gest&#227;o do controle de danos e o sistema de suporte &#224; vida foram iniciados com resposta fraca e, infelizmente, a paciente morreu durante a cirurgia.</p>
    <p>A dissec&#231;&#227;o espont&#226;nea do &#225;trio esquerdo &#233; uma doen&#231;a extremamente rara e deve ser suspeitada como causa incomum da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aguda. Sua incid&#234;ncia real, fisiopatologia, evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e gest&#227;o n&#227;o s&#227;o entendidas satisfatoriamente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A TEE, especialmente o m&#233;todo 3D, &#233; a modalidade diagn&#243;stica de escolha para essa entidade. Antes da era da TEE, o diagn&#243;stico era baseado em achados intraoperat&#243;rios brutos ou achados autopsiais incidentais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
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            </name>
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              <given-names>SY</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yoo</surname>
              <given-names>MH</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Spontaneous left atrial dissection presenting as pulmonary edema</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2005</year>
          <volume>111</volume>
          <issue>22</issue>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.477463</issue-id>
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        <mixed-citation>3. Lang RM, Addetia K, Narang A, Mor-Avi V. 3-Dimensional Echocardiography: Latest Developments and future directions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(12):1854-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.06.024</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Lang</surname>
              <given-names>RM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Addetia</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Narang</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
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              <surname>Mor-Avi</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <app-group>
      <app id="app1">
        <title>* Material suplementar</title>
        <p>Para assistir ao v&#237;deo suplementar 1, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2022/11903/2021-0740_video_1.mov">clique aqui</ext-link> .</p>
        <p>Para assistir ao v&#237;deo suplementar 2, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2022/11903/2021-0740_video_2.mov">clique aqui</ext-link> .</p>
      </app>
    </app-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Transesophageal Two- and Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Assessment of Spontaneous Left Atrial Dissection</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4883-0954</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Armenta-Moreno</surname>
            <given-names>Javier Ivan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn_ast1001">
            <sup>*</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Berarducci</surname>
            <given-names>Joaquin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn_ast1001">
            <sup>*</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia-Cardenas</surname>
            <given-names>Abel Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn_ast1001">
            <sup>*</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Armendariz-Ferrari</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bermudez-Gonzalez</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Luis</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Straface</surname>
            <given-names>Juan Ignacio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Luna-Alvarez-Amezquita</surname>
            <given-names>Jose Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4820-1325</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Espinola-Zavaleta</surname>
            <given-names>Nilda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="MX">Mexico</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia Nuclear &#8211; Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de M&#233;xico &#8211; Mexico</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="PE">Peru</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia Cl&#237;nica y Ecocardiografia &#8211; Hospital Nacional Hip&#243;lito Unanue, Lima &#8211; Peru</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="MX">Mexico</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Ecocardiografia &#8211; Centro M&#233;dico ABC I.A.P., Ciudad de M&#233;xico &#8211; Mexico</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Nilda Espinola-Zavaleta &#8226; Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez &#8211; Juan Badiano No. 1 Colonia Secci&#243;n XVI 14080 Tlalpan, 14080 &#8211; Mexico E-mail: <email>niesza2001@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn_ast1001">
          <label>*</label>
          <p>The authors contributed equal to this work</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Armenta-Moren JI, Berarducci J, Espinola-Zavaleta N; Acquisition of data: Armenta-Moreno JI, Garcia-Cardenas AM, Armendariz-Ferrari JC, Espinola-Zavaleta N; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Garcia-Cardenas AM, Armendariz-Ferrari JC, Luna-Alvarez-Amezquita JA; Statistical analysis: Bermudez-Gonzalez JL; Obtaining financing: Straface JI; Writing of the manuscript: Armenta-Moreno JI, Berarducci J, Armendariz-Ferrari JC; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Berarducci J, Garcia-Cardenas AM, Armendariz-Ferrari JC, Bermudez-Gonzalez JL, Straface JI, Luna-Alvarez-Amezquita JA, Espinola-Zavaleta N.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Failure/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Function, Left/physiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic, Imaging/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography Three-Dimensional/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Shock, Cardiogenic</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A 41-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room with an onset of acute dyspnea, jugular ingurgitation, and with the first heart sound diminished, followed by a grade III/IV holosystolic murmur that was better heard at the apex and edema of the lower limbs.</p>
      <p>The vital signs were heart rate 91 bpm, respiratory rate 21 rpm, blood pressure 110/60 mmHg, and oxygen saturation 91%. The chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly with a cardiothoracic index of 0.62 and pulmonary venocapillary hypertension.</p>
      <p>Transthoracic 2D echocardiography showed a cyst-like, lesion occupying a thin-walled space in the left atrium ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> , Panels A, B), moderate mitral regurgitation, ventricular systolic function of 68%, and left pleural effusion ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> , Panels C, D). A transoesophageal technique (TEE) at 60&#176; ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> , Panel E) and 90&#176; ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> , Panel F) was performed for better characterization, which confirmed the presence of heterogeneous cyst-like mass of the left atrium, involving the posterior mitral and occupying approximately 60% of the left atrial chamber (Video 1). Color Doppler revealed a blood flow to this pseudo-cavity ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> , Panel G). The 3D TEE, from the surgeon&#8217;s view, clearly showed a pseudo-cavity inside the left atrium appearing and disappearing in relation to the cardiac cycle ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> , Panel A) and comprising the postero-medial segment of the mitral annulus ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> , Panel B), (Video 2).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01001">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Transthoracic 2D Doppler echocardiography in the parasternal long axis view showing a cyst-like thin-walled atrium (A) and moderate mitral regurgitation (B). In the apical chamber a left pleural effusion (C) and also a moderate mitral regurgitation (D) were visualized. Transoesophageal 2D images at 60&#186; and 90&#186; (E-F) confirmed the presence of a heterogeneous cyst-like mass (white arrows) in the left atrium involving the posterior mitral annulus. The color Doppler revealed a blood flow to this cavity (G). LV: left ventricle; LA: left atrium; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle; Ao: aorta; PE: pleural effusion.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0499-10740-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02001">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Transoesophageal 3D echocardiography in the surgeon view with a pseudo-cavity inside the left atrium appearing and disappearing (white arrows) in relation to the cardiac cycle (A) and comprising the postero-medial segment of the mitral annulus (white arrows), (B).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0499-10740-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Medical treatment for acute heart failure was initiated with poor response and progression to cardiogenic shock. The patient was taken immediately to the operating room.</p>
      <p>An emergency approach was executed according to the echocardiographic findings. A pericardiotomy was performed, an approach to the left atrium was initiated, in which the posterior fibrotic and retracted leaflet was observed with a perforation in P2 and P3 and evidence of a dissection hole in the annulus and posterior wall of the atrium.</p>
      <p>Management of damage control and life support was initiated with poor response and, unfortunately, the patient died during surgery.</p>
      <p>Spontaneous left atrial dissection is an extremely rare disease and must be suspected as an uncommon cause of acute heart failure. Its true incidence, pathophysiology, clinical course, and management is poorly understood.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> TEE, especially the 3D method, is the diagnostic modality of choice for this entity, before the era of TEE, the diagnosis was based on gross intraoperative findings or incidental autopsy findings.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app01">
          <title>* Supplemental Materials</title>
          <p>See the Supplemental Video 1, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2022/11903/2021-0740_video_1.mov">click here</ext-link> .</p>
          <p>See the Supplemental Video 2, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2022/11903/2021-0740_video_2.mov">click here</ext-link> .</p>
        </app>
      </app-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
