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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">sGfFM8sBgfbdbL3HWSdy6JQ</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000900496</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220001</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Ponto de Vista</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Diretrizes, Posicionamentos e Normatiza&#231;&#245;es: Documentos de Aux&#237;lio &#224; Pr&#225;tica M&#233;dica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4158-9726</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Carlos Sobral</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Corr&#234;a</surname>
            <given-names>Harry</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5586-774X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4894-6116</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Issa</surname>
            <given-names>Aurora Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4561-5717</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Luiz Campos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3068-0540</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Markman</surname>
            <given-names>Brivaldo</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Aracaju</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe &#8211; UFS, Aracaju, SE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Jos&#233;</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina, S&#227;o Jos&#233;, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Palho&#231;a</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina &#8211; UNISUL, Palho&#231;a, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Brivaldo Markman-Filho &#8226; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco &#8211; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n. CEP 50740-900, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>brivaldomarkman@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Sousa AC, Markman-Filho B; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Sousa AC; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Sousa AC, Corr&#234;a-Filho H, Nascimento B, Issa AC, Vieira MLC, Markman-Filho B.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>496</fpage>
      <lpage>498</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Guia de Pr&#225;tica Cl&#237;nica</kwd>
        <kwd>Guia</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O ato m&#233;dico, que deve ser compartilhado, &#233; fundamentado em dois pilares, o intelectivo, incapaz de ser padronizado, porque depende da capacidade cognitiva do profissional na tomada da decis&#227;o e o t&#233;cnico que depende da forma&#231;&#227;o, aperfei&#231;oamento e atualiza&#231;&#245;es, podendo, portanto, ser regulado por diretrizes de pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica (DPC). Estas constituem ferramentas importantes, especialmente em uma &#225;rea t&#227;o complexa e em r&#225;pida mudan&#231;a como a cardiologia, objetivando: melhorar a qualidade do atendimento, baseado na melhor evid&#234;ncia dispon&#237;vel e reduzir a disparidade de condutas para o mesmo tipo de situa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Ressaltando-se que a sua ader&#234;ncia varia muito, e que alguns m&#233;dicos t&#234;m preocupa&#231;&#245;es de que estes instrumentos caracterizem uma r&#237;gida ou simplificada pr&#225;tica da medicina.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Portanto, a implementa&#231;&#227;o apropriada de DPC constitui grande interesse para organiza&#231;&#245;es nacionais, sociedades profissionais, prestadores de cuidados &#224; sa&#250;de, respons&#225;veis pol&#237;ticos, judicializa&#231;&#227;o da Medicina, pacientes e o p&#250;blico em geral. Dada a import&#226;ncia do tema, v&#225;rias ferramentas t&#234;m sido desenvolvidas para avaliar a credibilidade das diretrizes existentes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> bem como orienta&#231;&#245;es passo a passo para a concretiza&#231;&#227;o de um documento pr&#225;tico e confi&#225;vel.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) tem publicado, sistematicamente, desde 1992, diretrizes sobre os temas mais relevantes da especialidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Todavia, tem sido registrado falta de discernimento de tr&#234;s conceitos importantes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> nesta pretens&#227;o, por parte dos departamentos que comp&#245;em a SBC: a) diretriz &#233; o termo que deve ser reservado para o documento que sumariza, formalmente, evid&#234;ncias nas &#225;reas de diagn&#243;stico e terap&#234;utica de patologias; b) posicionamento (ou orienta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica), que deve ser utilizado para impressos oficiais que fornecem aconselhamento especializado sobre desafios na condu&#231;&#227;o de pacientes e, c) normatiza&#231;&#227;o (ou comunica&#231;&#227;o), que, por sua vez, deve ser empregado para os manuscritos que informam a metodologia laboratorial e defini&#231;&#245;es de desfecho cl&#237;nico.</p>
    <p>Torna-se imperativo que os documentos emitidos pela SBC se apresentem com titula&#231;&#227;o e fundamenta&#231;&#227;o adequadas para que seja evitada, por parte do leitor, confus&#227;o na diferencia&#231;&#227;o dos termos e, consequentemente, desinteresse na leitura dos mesmos.</p>
    <p>Portanto, o objetivo principal desta publica&#231;&#227;o &#233; o de estabelecer de forma simplificada e objetiva o significado destas terminologias, visando padronizar a emiss&#227;o de diretrizes, comunica&#231;&#245;es e orienta&#231;&#245;es por parte da SBC.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>Diretrizes de pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica</title>
      <p>As DPC s&#227;o constitu&#237;das de afirma&#231;&#245;es sistematicamente desenvolvidas e s&#227;o projetadas para apoiar os processos de tomada de decis&#227;o na assist&#234;ncia ao paciente, em condi&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Ao contr&#225;rio de um documento de orienta&#231;&#227;o, uma diretriz aborda um t&#243;pico em que h&#225; evid&#234;ncias de moderada a alta qualidade, geralmente provenientes de ensaios randomizados com n&#250;mero satisfat&#243;rio de integrantes, para possibilitar as pr&#225;ticas cl&#237;nicas mais adequadas.</p>
      <p>Na sua elabora&#231;&#227;o &#233; utilizado um processo para resumir as evid&#234;ncias e fornecer um m&#233;todo padronizado para expressar os graus de recomenda&#231;&#245;es com os seus respectivos n&#237;veis de evid&#234;ncias. Para que a diretriz seja confi&#225;vel, &#233; prudente que sejam observados os seguintes crit&#233;rios: a) ser baseada em revis&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas da literatura; b) ser desenvolvida por um painel multidisciplinar e experiente de especialistas; c) considerar os valores e prefer&#234;ncias dos pacientes, assim como os seus subgrupos; d) ser baseada em um processo expl&#237;cito e transparente que minimiza distor&#231;&#245;es, vieses e conflitos de interesse; e) fornecer uma explica&#231;&#227;o clara das rela&#231;&#245;es entre as op&#231;&#245;es de cuidados alternativos e desfechos cl&#237;nicos e, f) ser atualizada quando novas importantes evid&#234;ncias justificarem modifica&#231;&#245;es de recomenda&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As diretrizes podem melhorar desfechos cl&#237;nicos, todavia, elas apresentam ades&#245;es vari&#225;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Elas raramente abordam pr&#225;tica m&#233;dica onde as evid&#234;ncias s&#227;o escassas. Portanto, torna-se necess&#225;ria a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias inovadoras para facilitar a dissemina&#231;&#227;o desses documentos. Vale ressaltar que as DPC n&#227;o s&#227;o livros de receitas, j&#225; que a maioria destes documentos apresenta limita&#231;&#245;es em sua disponibilidade e aplicabilidade no contexto do n&#237;vel de evid&#234;ncia das recomenda&#231;&#245;es, j&#225; que apenas uma pequena percentagem est&#225; embasada em estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Consequentemente, se faz necess&#225;ria a atualiza&#231;&#227;o frequente destas diretrizes para a incorpora&#231;&#227;o de evid&#234;ncias mais robustas que eventualmente surgirem.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Documento de posicionamento</title>
        <p>Estes documentos visam abordar um determinado t&#243;pico (diagn&#243;stico, terap&#234;utico ou laboratorial) de reconhecido interesse cl&#237;nico, para o qual n&#227;o existem (ou &#233; improv&#225;vel que venha a acontecer) evid&#234;ncias de qualidade substancial, notadamente aquelas oriundas de ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados. Tais documentos s&#227;o complementares &#224;s diretrizes e s&#227;o elaborados por uma equipe de profissionais com experi&#234;ncia estabelecida no tema.</p>
        <p>Como exemplo, poder&#237;amos citar o uso dos anticoagulantes diretos em pacientes gestantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Em geral, as orienta&#231;&#245;es contidas nestes documentos permanecem ancoradas nas melhores evid&#234;ncias dispon&#237;veis; todavia, incorporam, frequentemente, a opini&#227;o pessoal dos especialistas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Documento de normatiza&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Estes dispositivos diferem dos acima relacionados uma vez que abordam t&#243;picos primariamente direcionados para a padroniza&#231;&#227;o de pr&#225;ticas cl&#237;nicas, laboratoriais e de metodologias de pesquisa. Como exemplo, poder&#237;amos citar a comunica&#231;&#227;o do Subcomit&#234; de Controle de Anticoagula&#231;&#227;o da Sociedade Internacional de Trombose e Hemostasia para medir a atividade anticoagulante dos inibidores do fator Xa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Portanto, trata-se de ferramenta &#250;til &#224; disposi&#231;&#227;o dos departamentos da SBC.</p>
        <p>Concluindo, o movimento em dire&#231;&#227;o aos cuidados de sa&#250;de baseados em evid&#234;ncias vem ganhando terreno rapidamente nos &#250;ltimos anos, motivado por cl&#237;nicos, pol&#237;ticos e gestores, preocupados com a qualidade, consist&#234;ncia e custos da assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica.</p>
        <p>Assim, os documentos acima mencionados, baseados nas melhores pr&#225;ticas padronizadas, desde que redigidos de forma pr&#225;tica e objetiva, podem ser capazes de promover melhorias na qualidade e consist&#234;ncia dos cuidados com a sa&#250;de. Garantir a aplicabilidade e a implementa&#231;&#227;o dessas recomenda&#231;&#245;es depender&#225; da aceitabilidade do paciente, da disponibilidade do procedimento, da experi&#234;ncia necess&#225;ria no contexto espec&#237;fico, al&#233;m do seu impacto quando colocadas em pr&#225;tica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label/>
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label/>
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
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    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Viewpoint</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Guidelines, Position Statements, and Standardizations: Documents to Assist Medical Practice</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4158-9726</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Carlos Sobral</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Corr&#234;a</surname>
            <given-names>Harry</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5586-774X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4894-6116</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Issa</surname>
            <given-names>Aurora Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5001">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4561-5717</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Luiz Campos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6001">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7001">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3068-0540</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Markman</surname>
            <given-names>Brivaldo</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8001">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe &#8211; UFS, Aracaju, SE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina, S&#227;o Jos&#233;, SC &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina &#8211; UNISUL, Palho&#231;a, SC &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6001">
        <label>6</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7001">
        <label>7</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8001">
        <label>8</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Brivaldo Markman-Filho &#8226; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco &#8211; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n. Postal code 50740-900, Recife, PE &#8211; Brazil E-mail: brivaldomarkman@uol.com.br</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Analysis and interpretation of the data: Sousa AC, Markman-Filho B; Acquisition of data and Writing of the manuscript: Sousa AC; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Sousa AC, Corr&#234;a-Filho H, Nascimento B, Issa AC, Vieira MLC, Markman-Filho B.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Practice Guideline</kwd>
        <kwd>Guideline</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Medical practice, which must be shared, is based on two pillars, the intellectual one, which cannot being standardized because it depends on the cognitive capacity of the professional when making decisions, and the technical one, which depends on training, improvement, and updates and which can, therefore, be regulated by clinical practice guidelines (CPG). CPG are important tools, especially in an area as complex and rapidly changing as cardiology, and they have the following objectives: to improve the quality of care based on the best available evidence and to reduce the disparity of medical conduct for the same type of clinical situation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It is worth underscoring that adherence to CPG varies greatly and that some physicians are concerned that these instruments represent rigid or simplified practice of medicine.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Therefore, the proper implementation of CPG is of great interest to national organizations, professional societies, healthcare providers, policymakers, the judicialization of Medicine, patients, and the general public. Given the importance of the topic, several tools have been developed to evaluate the credibility of existing guidelines,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> as well as step-by-step guidance on how to produce practical and reliable documents.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Since 1992, the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC) has systematically published guidelines on the most relevant topics in the specialty.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Nonetheless, a lack of discernment has been registered in relation to three important concepts,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> in this effort, on the part of the departments that compose the SBC: a) guideline is the term that should be reserved for documents that formally summarize evidence in the areas of disease diagnosis and therapy; b) position statement (or clinical guidance) should be used for official publications that provide expert advice on challenges in patient management; and c) standardization (or communication), in turn, should be used for manuscripts that inform laboratory methodology and definitions of clinical outcomes.</p>
      <p>It is imperative for the documents published by the SBC to be presented with appropriate titles and foundations in order to avoid confusion on the part of the reader in differentiating these terms and consequent lack of interest in reading them.</p>
      <p>Therefore, the main objective of this publication is to establish, in a simplified and objective manner, the meaning of these terms, aiming to standardize the publication of guidelines, communications, and position statements by the SBC.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical practice guidelines</title>
        <p>CPG are made up of systematically developed statements, and they are designed to support decision-making processes in patient care, under specific conditions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Unlike documents that provides guidance, guidelines address a topic where there is moderate to high quality evidence, generally from randomized trials with a satisfactory number of participants, to make the most appropriate clinical practice possible.</p>
        <p>In drafting them, a process is used to summarize the evidence and provide a standardized method to express the classes of recommendations with their respective levels of evidence. For a guideline to be reliable, it is advisable to observe the following criteria: a) be based on systematic reviews of the literature; b) be developed by a multidisciplinary and experienced panel of experts; c) consider the values and preferences of patients, as well as their subgroups; d) be based on an explicit and transparent process that minimizes distortions, biases, and conflicts of interest; e) provide a clear explanation of the relationships between alternative care options and clinical outcomes, and f) be updated when important new evidence warrants changes to recommendations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Guidelines can improve clinical outcomes; nevertheless, adherence to them varies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> They rarely address medical practice where evidence is scarce. Therefore, it is necessary to use innovative strategies to facilitate the dissemination of these documents. It is worth underscoring that CPG are not recipe books, given that most of them have limitations in their availability and applicability in the context of the level of evidence of the recommendations, as only a small percentage is based on randomized clinical trials.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Consequently, it is necessary to frequently update these guidelines in order to incorporate more robust evidence that eventually emerges.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Positioning documents</title>
          <p>These documents aim to address a determined diagnostic, therapeutic, or laboratory topic of recognized clinical interest, for which evidence of substantial quality, notably evidence from randomized clinical trials either does not exist or is unlikely to be produced. These documents are complementary to the guidelines, and they are prepared by a team of professionals with established experience on the topic.</p>
          <p>As an example, we may cite the use of direct anticoagulants in pregnant patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> In general, the guidance contained in these documents continues to be anchored in the best available evidence; nonetheless, they frequently incorporate the personal opinion of experts.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Standardization documents</title>
          <p>These documents differ from those listed above, insofar as they address topics primarily aimed at standardizing clinical and laboratory practices and research methodologies. We may cite, as an example, the report of the Subcommittee on Control of Anticoagulation of the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis to measure the anticoagulant activity of factor Xa inhibitors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> It is, therefore, a useful tool that is available to departments of the SBC.</p>
          <p>In conclusion, the movement toward evidence-based healthcare has been rapidly gaining ground in recent years, driven by clinicians, policymakers, and managers who are concerned about the quality, consistency, and costs of healthcare.</p>
          <p>Accordingly, these documents, based on standardized best practices, provided that they are written in a practical and objective manner, are able to promote improvements in the quality and consistency of healthcare. Guaranteeing the applicability and implementation of these recommendations will depend on the extent to which patients accept them, the availability of procedures, the experience required in the specific context, and their impact when put into practice.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label/>
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label/>
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
