<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="letter" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">Q6kfq3r6fbHzXpyrPFSF9Bj</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="previous-pid" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022005001105</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000900485</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210880</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210880</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tetralogia de Fallot Associada a Art&#233;ria Subcl&#225;via Direita Aberrante. Implica&#231;&#245;es Cl&#237;nicas</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Micha&#322;owski</surname>
            <given-names>Maciej</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6769-0104</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tyczynski</surname>
            <given-names>Pawel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lipczynska</surname>
            <given-names>Magdalena</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>W&#243;jcik</surname>
            <given-names>Anna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hoffman</surname>
            <given-names>Piotr</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Witkowski</surname>
            <given-names>Adam</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Micha&#322;owska</surname>
            <given-names>Ilona</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">National Institute of Cardiology</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Warsaw</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PL">Pol&#244;nia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">National Institute of Cardiology &#8211; Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Warsaw &#8211; Pol&#244;nia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">National Institute of Cardiology</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Congenital Heart Diseases</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Warsaw</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PL">Pol&#244;nia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">National Institute of Cardiology &#8211; Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Warsaw &#8211; Pol&#244;nia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">National Institute of Cardiology</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Radiology</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Warsaw</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PL">Pol&#244;nia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">National Institute of Cardiology &#8211; Department of Radiology, Warsaw &#8211; Pol&#244;nia</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Pawel Tyczynski &#8226; National Institute of Cardiology &#8211; Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology &#8211; Alpejska 42 Street Warsaw 04628 &#8211; Pol&#244;nia E-mail: <email>medykpol@wp.pl</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Micha&#322;owski M, Tyczynski P; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Tyczynski P, Lipczynska M, W&#243;jcik A, Micha&#322;owska I; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Hoffman P, Witkowski A, Micha&#322;owska I.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>485</fpage>
      <lpage>487</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <p>Desde a primeira descri&#231;&#227;o da tetralogia de Fallot (ToF) em 1671 por Niels Stensen e em 1888 por &#201;tienne-Louis Arthur Fallot, v&#225;rios trabalhos relataram essa anomalia juntamente com suas variantes e anomalias cardiovasculares concomitantes. A art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via direita aberrante (ASDA) &#233; a anomalia do arco a&#243;rtico mais comum. Diferentemente da art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via esquerda aberrante, a ocorr&#234;ncia de ASDA em pacientes com ToF s&#243; foi relatada casuisticamente. Apresentamos dois pacientes de ToF com ASDA. &#201; importante notar que o conhecimento da coexist&#234;ncia das duas anomalias tem pontos muito pr&#225;ticos durante corre&#231;&#245;es endovasculares ou cir&#250;rgicas de defeitos card&#237;acos cong&#234;nitos (inclusive ToF).</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas</kwd>
        <kwd>Tetralogia de Fallot</kwd>
        <kwd>Aorta Tor&#225;cica</kwd>
        <kwd>Obstru&#231;&#227;o Esof&#225;gica</kwd>
        <kwd>Art&#233;ria Subcl&#225;via</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>As anomalias do arco a&#243;rtico podem ser isoladas ou podem estar associadas a outros defeitos card&#237;acos cong&#234;nitos (DCC) A avalia&#231;&#227;o detalhada do arco a&#243;rtico (incluindo sua lateralidade e padr&#227;o de ramifica&#231;&#227;o) &#233; crucial durante os exames diagn&#243;sticos de DCC, j&#225; que ela pode influenciar a incis&#227;o cir&#250;rgica ou o bypass cardiopulmonar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via aberrante (ASA) ou art&#233;ria lus&#243;ria &#233; uma anomalia do arco a&#243;rtico comum. Ela pode originar do arco a&#243;rtico &#224; esquerda (AAE) ou do arco a&#243;rtico &#224; direita (AAD). A art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via direita aberrante (ASDA) &#233; a anomalia do AAE mais comum (preval&#234;ncia de 0,5% a 2%). Mais de 20 configura&#231;&#245;es de arco a&#243;rtico foram descritas. Recentemente foi proposta uma nova classifica&#231;&#227;o para a ASA que distinguiu quatro tipos principais de ASA (com base na lateralidade do arco a&#243;rtico e na presen&#231;a do tronco de car&#243;tida comum).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, a tetralogia de Fallot (ToF) n&#227;o raramente &#233; acompanhada pelo AAD (at&#233; 37% em um estudo por Khan et al.)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Uma art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via esquerda aberrante (ASEA) com ramifica&#231;&#227;o do AAD tamb&#233;m pode estar associada &#224; ToF (21,4% em nosso estudo por tomografia computadorizada card&#237;aca (TCC) pr&#233;vio na coorte de ASDA.)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Diferentemente da ASEA, a ocorr&#234;ncia de ASDA (do AAE) em pacientes com ToF at&#233; agora s&#243; foi relatada casuisticamente. Oswal et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> identificaram 8 pacientes com ASDA entre 257 de pacientes com ToF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> De Luca et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> relataram um paciente com ASDA com ToF identificado entre 3334 pacientes (preval&#234;ncia de ASDA e ToF - 0,03%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Por &#250;ltimo, Nakajima et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> identificaram sete pacientes com ASDA entre 233 de pacientes com ToF. Entretanto, n&#227;o foram apresentadas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre se essas ASA se originaram do AAE ou do AAD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Apresentamos dois pacientes adultos que foram submetidos a corre&#231;&#245;es cir&#250;rgicas de ToF na inf&#226;ncia e foram admitidos para avalia&#231;&#227;o posterior. As modalidades de imagens em ambos revelaram a presen&#231;a de ASDA com origem no AAE.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Paciente 1</title>
        <p>Uma paciente do sexo feminino de vinte e seis anos foi submetida a uma corre&#231;&#227;o de ToF completa aos tr&#234;s anos de idade e permaneceu na classe funcional II de acordo com a New York Heart Association (NYHA). A ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica (TTE) revelou um homoenxerto pulmonar fortemente calcificado com um gradiente de press&#227;o de 72/56 mmHg ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura1A</xref> ), regurgita&#231;&#227;o pulmonar (RP) moderada e parede do ventr&#237;culo direito (VD) hipertrofiada (12 mm). Fora isso, a fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica de ambos os ventr&#237;culos estava preservada. A TCC realizada revelou o AAE ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1B</xref> ) com ASDA ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figuras 1C</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">D</xref> ). Devido &#224; calcifica&#231;&#227;o do homoenxerto, a paciente n&#227;o se qualificou para o tratamento percut&#226;neo de homoenxerto esten&#243;tico e foi tratada de forma conservadora. A TTE realizada 10 anos mais tarde n&#227;o mostrou nenhum aumento no gradiente de press&#227;o do homoenxerto. O teste de esfor&#231;o cardiopulmonar (TECP) mostrou diminui&#231;&#227;o da capta&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio respirat&#243;ria: 15,3 ml/kg/min (43% do valor previsto) ap&#243;s 2 anos, e 16,9 ml/min/kg (36% do valor previsto) 10 anos mais tarde.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Paciente 1 A) Ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica, vista do eixo curto paraesternal Gradiente de press&#227;o significativo no homoenxerto pulmonar; B) Tomografia computadorizada card&#237;aca, plano axial. A seta branca indica o arco a&#243;rtico &#224; esquerda; C) Tomografia computadorizada card&#237;aca. Calcifica&#231;&#245;es vis&#237;veis do homoenxerto pulmonar no n&#237;vel da v&#225;lvula pulmonar (seta vermelha); D) Amplia&#231;&#227;o do painel &#8220;B&#8221; com foco na art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via direita aberrante (seta branca) que se ramifica a partir do arco a&#243;rtico &#224; esquerda.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0485-10880-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Paciente 2</title>
        <p>Um paciente do sexo masculino de vinte anos de idade foi submetido ao shunt de Blalock-Taussig com um ano de idade, com corre&#231;&#227;o de ToF completa aos 3 anos de idade. Entretanto, ele precisou fazer uma nova cirurgia ap&#243;s nove meses devido a um shunt da esquerda para a direita residual significativo atrav&#233;s de um defeito do septo ventricular cong&#234;nito e da substitui&#231;&#227;o do homoenxerto pulmonar unic&#250;spide por um homoenxerto pulmonar bic&#250;spide. Ele continuou classificado como classe II da NYHA. Seu TTE mais recente mostrou uma RP significativa no homoenxerto ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figuras 2A</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">B</xref> ), e um canal de entrada do ventr&#237;culo direito aumentado (54 mm) com fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica lim&#237;trofe do VD (VD S&#8217; 9 cm/s). A fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo n&#227;o dilatado estava preservada. A TCC e a resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca revelaram AAE ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2C</xref> ) com ASDA ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figuras 2D</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">E</xref> ). Devido &#224; anatomia desfavor&#225;vel do canal de sa&#237;da do VD, o paciente n&#227;o era candidato ao tratamento percut&#226;neo da RP e uma abordagem cir&#250;rgica foi oferecida a ele.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Paciente 2 A) Ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica, vista do eixo curto paraesternal Regurgita&#231;&#227;o significativa no homoenxerto pulmonar; B) Ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica, vista do eixo longo paraesternal. Jato da regurgita&#231;&#227;o pulmonar significativa vis&#237;vel no canal de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito (seta branca); C) Tomografia computadorizada card&#237;aca, plano axial. A seta branca indica o arco a&#243;rtico &#224; esquerda; D) Tomografia computadorizada card&#237;aca. Calcifica&#231;&#245;es vis&#237;veis do homoenxerto pulmonar no n&#237;vel da v&#225;lvula pulmonar (seta vermelha). E) Amplia&#231;&#227;o do painel &#8220;D&#8221; com foco na art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via direita aberrante (seta branca) que se ramifica a partir do arco a&#243;rtico &#224; esquerda.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0485-10880-gf02.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Nem o divert&#237;culo de Kommerell nem a compress&#227;o esof&#225;gica estavam vis&#237;veis na TCC desses pacientes.</p>
        <p>Nosso relat&#243;rio acrescenta &#224; literatura muito limitada sobre ASDA em pacientes com ToF e tem pontos muito pr&#225;ticos. Primeiramente, a presen&#231;a de ASDA pode levar ao diagn&#243;stico errado de ramifica&#231;&#245;es do arco a&#243;rtico - especialmente durante cirurgias paliativas de emerg&#234;ncia antes de a avalia&#231;&#227;o detalhada por imagem da ramifica&#231;&#227;o do arco a&#243;rtico ser feita. Idhrees et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> relatou sobre um paciente com ToF com ASDA, em que a art&#233;ria car&#243;tida comum direita (ACCD) foi indevidamente identificada como art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via. Como consequ&#234;ncia, o shunt de Blalock-Taussig foi realizado utilizando-se a ACCD. Isso levou &#224; perda do fluxo sangu&#237;neo da ACCD para o c&#233;rebro e a convuls&#245;es hip&#243;xicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Em segundo lugar, a ASDA pode causar compress&#227;o traqueobr&#244;nquica (em aproximadamente 10% dos pacientes). V&#225;rios casos de f&#237;stula esof&#225;gica e art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via no estabelecimento da ASDA (e o sangramento intenso do trato digestivo superior que se segue) j&#225; foram relatados, especialmente ap&#243;s a manipula&#231;&#227;o traqueal ou esof&#225;gica posterior a cirurgias card&#237;acas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Por &#250;ltimo, a canula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca via art&#233;ria radial direita e a ASDA subsequente podem ser um desafio. Portanto, o conhecimento da ramifica&#231;&#227;o do arco a&#243;rtico &#233; crucial para a cirurgia de shunt de Blalock-Taussig em pacientes com ToF (embora seja raramente realizada atualmente) ou outra DCC cian&#243;tica, al&#233;m de ser importante para qualquer opera&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca ou extracard&#237;aca que exija a manipula&#231;&#227;o traqueal ou esof&#225;gica.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Hanneman K, Newman B, Chan F. Congenital Variants and Anomalies of the Aortic Arch.Radiographics.2017;37(1):32-51. Doi:10.1148/rg.2017160033.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Hanneman</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Newman</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chan</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Congenital Variants and Anomalies of the Aortic Arch</article-title>
          <source>Radiographics</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>37</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>32</fpage>
          <lpage>51</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1148/rg.2017160033.</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Plotkin A, Ng B, Han SM, Weaver FA, Ham SW, Bowdish ME, Wilcox AG, Magee GA. Association of aberrant subclavian arteries with aortic pathology and proposed classification system. J Vasc Surg. 2020;72(5):1534-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.01.042</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Plotkin</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ng</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Han</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Weaver</surname>
              <given-names>FA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ham</surname>
              <given-names>SW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bowdish</surname>
              <given-names>ME</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wilcox</surname>
              <given-names>AG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Magee</surname>
              <given-names>GA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Association of aberrant subclavian arteries with aortic pathology and proposed classification system</article-title>
          <source>J Vasc Surg</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>72</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>1534</fpage>
          <lpage>1543</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jvs.2020.01.042</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Khan I, Tufail Z, Afridi S, Iqbal M, Khan T, Waheed A. Surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot in Adults: Early Outcomes. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;31:300-3. doi: 10.5935/1678-9741.20160063</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Khan</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tufail</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Afridi</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Iqbal</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Khan</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Waheed</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot in Adults: Early Outcomes</article-title>
          <source>Braz J Cardiovasc Surg</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>31</volume>
          <fpage>300</fpage>
          <lpage>303</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/1678-9741.20160063</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Tyczy&#324;ski P, Micha&#322;owska I, Wolny R, Dobrowolski P, &#321;azarczyk H, Rybicka J, et al. Left aberrant subclavian artery. Systematic study in adult patients. Int J Cardiol. 2017;240:183-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.04.052</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tyczy&#324;ski</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Micha&#322;owska</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wolny</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dobrowolski</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>&#321;azarczyk</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rybicka</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Left aberrant subclavian artery. Systematic study in adult patients</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>240</volume>
          <fpage>183</fpage>
          <lpage>186</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.04.052</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. Oswal N, Christov G, Sridharan S, Khambadkone S, Bull C, Sullivan I. Aberrant subclavian artery origin in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis is associated with chromosomal or genetic abnormality. Cardio Young. 2014;24(3):478-84. doi: 10.1017/S1047951113000644</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Oswal</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Christov</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sridharan</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Khambadkone</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bull</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sullivan</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Aberrant subclavian artery origin in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis is associated with chromosomal or genetic abnormality</article-title>
          <source>Cardio Young</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>24</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>478</fpage>
          <lpage>484</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1017/S1047951113000644</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6. De Luca L, Bergman JJGHM, Tytgat GNJ, Fockens F. EUS imaging of the arteria lusoria: case series and review. Gastrointest Endoscopy. 2000;52:670&#8211;3. doi: 10.1067/mge.2000.109808</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>De Luca</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bergman</surname>
              <given-names>JJGHM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tytgat</surname>
              <given-names>GNJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fockens</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>EUS imaging of the arteria lusoria: case series and review</article-title>
          <source>Gastrointest Endoscopy</source>
          <year>2000</year>
          <volume>52</volume>
          <fpage>670</fpage>
          <lpage>673</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1067/mge.2000.109808</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7. Nakajima Y, Nishibatake M, Ikeda K, Momma k, Takao A, Terai M, et al. Abnormal development of fourth aortic arch derivatives in the pathogenesis of tetralogy of Fallot. Pediatr Cardiol. 1990;11(2):69&#8211;71. doi: 10.1007/BF02239564</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nakajima</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nishibatake</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ikeda</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>k</surname>
              <given-names>Momma</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Takao</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Terai</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Abnormal development of fourth aortic arch derivatives in the pathogenesis of tetralogy of Fallot</article-title>
          <source>Pediatr Cardiol</source>
          <year>1990</year>
          <volume>11</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>69</fpage>
          <lpage>71</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/BF02239564</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8. Idhrees AM, Cherian VT, Menon S, Mathew T, Baiju S, Jayakaran K. &#8220;Classical Blalock-Taussig shunt&#8221; gone wrong: Confusing the right common carotid with right subclavian artery. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2015;8(3):228-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-2069.164686</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Idhrees</surname>
              <given-names>AM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cherian</surname>
              <given-names>VT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Menon</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mathew</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baiju</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jayakaran</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>&#8220;Classical Blalock-Taussig shunt&#8221; gone wrong: Confusing the right common carotid with right subclavian artery</article-title>
          <source>Ann Pediatr Cardiol</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>228</fpage>
          <lpage>229</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0974-2069.164686</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9. Shires CB, Rohner MJ. Anomalous Right Subclavian Artery Esophageal Fistulae. Case Rep Vasc Med. Mar 1 2018;7541904. doi: 10.1155/2018/7541904</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Shires</surname>
              <given-names>CB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rohner</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Anomalous Right Subclavian Artery Esophageal Fistulae</article-title>
          <source>Case Rep Vasc Med</source>
          <month>03</month>
          <day>1</day>
          <year>2018</year>
          <size units="pages">7541904</size>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2018/7541904</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tetralogy of Fallot Associated with Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery. Clinical Implications</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Micha&#322;owski</surname>
            <given-names>Maciej</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6769-0104</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tyczynski</surname>
            <given-names>Pawel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lipczynska</surname>
            <given-names>Magdalena</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>W&#243;jcik</surname>
            <given-names>Anna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hoffman</surname>
            <given-names>Piotr</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Witkowski</surname>
            <given-names>Adam</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Micha&#322;owska</surname>
            <given-names>Ilona</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PL">Pol&#244;nia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">National Institute of Cardiology &#8211; Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Warsaw &#8211; Pol&#244;nia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="PL">Pol&#244;nia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">National Institute of Cardiology &#8211; Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Warsaw &#8211; Pol&#244;nia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="PL">Pol&#244;nia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">National Institute of Cardiology &#8211; Department of Radiology, Warsaw &#8211; Pol&#244;nia</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Pawel Tyczynski &#8226; National Institute of Cardiology &#8211; Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology &#8211; Alpejska 42 Street Warsaw 04628 &#8211; Poland E-mail: medykpol@wp.pl</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Writing of the manuscript: Micha&#322;owski M, Tyczynski P; Acquisition of data: Tyczynski P, Lipczynska M, W&#243;jcik A, Micha&#322;owska I; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Hoffman P, Witkowski A, Micha&#322;owska I.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <p>Since the first description of Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) in 1671 by Niels Stensen and in 1888 by &#201;tienne-Louis Arthur Fallot, numerous papers have reported on this anomaly, along with its variants and concomitant cardiovascular anomalies. Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is the most common anomaly of the aortic arch. Different from the left aberrant subclavian artery, occurrence of ARSA in ToF-patients has only casuistically been reported so far. The present study reports on two ToF-patients with ARSA. It is important to note that knowledge of the coexistence of both anomalies has highly practical points during surgical or endovascular corrections of congenital heart defects (including ToF).</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Defects Cong&#234;nital</kwd>
        <kwd>Tetralogy of Fallot</kwd>
        <kwd>Aorta, Thoracic</kwd>
        <kwd>Esophageal, Obstruction</kwd>
        <kwd>Subclavian, Artery</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Anomalies of the aortic arch may be isolated or may be associated with other congenital heart defects (CHD). A detailed assessment of the aortic arch (including its laterality and branching pattern) is crucial during the diagnostic exams of CHD, as it may influence the surgical incision or cardiopulmonary bypass.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> An aberrant subclavian artery (ASA) or arteria lusoria is a common aortic arch anomaly. This may originate from the left-sided aortic arch (LAA) or from the right-sided aortic arch (RAA). An aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is the most common LAA-anomaly (prevalence 0.5%-2%). More than 20 aortic arch configurations have been described. Recently a new classification of ASA has been proposed, which distinguished four main types of ASA (based on the aortic arch laterality and the presence of common carotid trunk).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Next, tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is not rarely accompanied by RAA (up to 37% in a study by Khan et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> An aberrant left subclavian artery (ALSA) branching-off from RAA may also be associated with ToF (21.4% in our previous cardiac computed tomography (cCT) study on ALSA-cohort.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Different from ALSA, the occurrence of ARSA (from LAA) in ToF-patients has, to date, been reported only casuistically. Oswal et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> identified 8 ARSA patients among 257 ToF patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> De Luca et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> reported one ARSA patient with ToF identified among 3,334 patients (prevalence of ARSA and ToF - 0.03%),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Finally, Nakajima et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> identified seven ASA patients among 233 ToF patients. However, no details were given whether these ASA originated from LAA or RAA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The present study reports on two adult patients who underwent surgical corrections of ToF in their childhood and were admitted for further assessment. Imaging modalities in both of the children revealed the presence of ARSA originating from LAA.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Patient 1</title>
          <p>A twenty-six-year-old female patient underwent complete ToF correction at the age of three and remained in functional class II, according to New York Heart Association (NYHA). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed a heavily calcified pulmonary homograft with a pressure gradient of 72/56 mmHg ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Fig.1A</xref> ), moderate pulmonary regurgitation (PR), and a hypertrophied wall (12mm) of the right ventricle (RV). Otherwise, the systolic function of both ventricles was preserved. Performed cCT revealed LAA ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1B</xref> ) with ARSA ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figures 1C</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">D</xref> ). Due to calcification of the homograft, the patient was not qualified for percutaneous treatment of the stenotic homograft and was treated conservatively. TTE performed 10 years later showed no increase in the homograft&#8217;s pressure gradient. Repeated cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) showed a decreased respiratory oxygen uptake: 15.3ml/kg/min (43% of the predicted value) after 2 years, and 16.9ml/min/kg (36% of the predicted value) 10 years later.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f01001">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Patient 1 A) Transthoracic echocardiography, parasternal short axis view. Significant pressure gradient across the pulmonary homograft; B) Cardiac computed tomography, axial plane. White arrow indicates left-sided aortic arch; C) Cardiac computed tomography. Visible calcifications of the pulmonary homograft at the level of the pulmonary valve (red arrow); D) Magnification of panel &#8220;B&#8221; with a focus on the right aberrant subclavian artery (white arrow) branching-off from the left-sided aortic arch.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0485-10880-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Patient 2</title>
          <p>A twenty-year-old male patient underwent a Blalock-Taussig shunt at one year of age, with complete ToF correction at the age of 3 years. However, he required a re-operation nine months later for a significant residual left-to-right shunt through the congenital ventricular septal defect and replacement of the unicuspid pulmonary homograft with a bicuspid pulmonary homograft. He remained in NYHA class II. His most current TTE revealed significant PR in the homograft ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Fig.2A</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">B</xref> ), together with an enlarged RV-inflow tract (54mm) with borderline RV systolic function (RV S&#8217; 9cm/s). Systolic function of the non-dilated left ventricle was preserved. Both cCT and cardiac magnetic resonance revealed LAA ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2C</xref> ) with ARSA ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figures 2D</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">E</xref> ). Due to unfavorable anatomy of the RV-outflow tract, the patient was not a candidate for the percutaneous treatment of the PR and was offered a surgical approach.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f02001">
              <label>Figure 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Patient 2 A) Transthoracic echocardiography, parasternal short axis view. Significant regurgitation across the pulmonary homograft; B) Transthoracic echocardiography, parasternal long axis view. Jet of the significant pulmonary regurgitation visible in the right ventricle outflow tract (white arrow); C) Cardiac computed tomography, axial plane. White arrow indicates left-sided aortic arch; D) Cardiac computed tomography. Visible calcifications of the pulmonary homograft at the level of the pulmonary valve (red arrow). E) Magnification of panel &#8220;D&#8221; with a focus on the right aberrant subclavian artery (white arrow) branching-off from the left-sided aortic arch.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0485-10880-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>Neither Kommerell&#8217;s diverticulum nor the esophageal compression was visible in the cCT of these patients.</p>
          <p>Our report adds to the very limited literature of ARSA among ToF patients and has highly practical points. Firstly, the presence of ARSA may lead to a misdiagnosis of the aortic arch branches, especially during emergency palliative surgeries before detailed imaging evaluation of the aortic arch branching has been performed. Idhrees et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> reported on a ToF patient with ARSA, in whom the right common carotid artery (RCCA) was misidentified as the subclavian artery. As a consequence, Blalock-Taussig shunt was performed using RCCA. This resulted in a loss of blood flow from RCCA to the brain and hypoxic seizures.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Secondly, ARSA may cause tracheobronchial compression (in approximately 10%). Multiple case reports of subclavian-esophageal fistulae in the setting of ARSA (and subsequent massive upper digestive tract bleeding) have been previously reported, especially after tracheal or esophageal manipulation following cardiac surgeries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Finally, heart cannulation via the right radial artery and subsequent ARSA may be challenging. Thus, the knowledge of aortic arch branching is crucial for Blalock-Taussig shunt surgery of ToF patients (although rarely performed nowadays) or other cyanotic CHD, as well as matters for any cardiac or extra-cardiac operations requiring tracheal/esophageal manipulation.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
