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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">WJGKPLJGf9rHwCGXh4CQxRd</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="previous-pid" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022005012201</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000900448</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210015</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Preditores de Mortalidade Hospitalar nos Pacientes Tratados por Angioplastia Prim&#225;ria: Um Estudo de Caso-Controle Multic&#234;ntrico</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3024-341X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Paulo Neves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Antonio Nazar&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Abreu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moura</surname>
            <given-names>Isabel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8920-5173</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pena</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Luiz Barros</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Marcio Cunha</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ipatinga</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Marcio Cunha &#8211; Hemodin&#226;mica, Ipatinga, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o stricto sensu em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais &#8211; Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o stricto sensu em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Unimed Vale do A&#231;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ipatinga</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unimed Vale do A&#231;o, Ipatinga, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Fel&#237;cio Rocho</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Fel&#237;cio Rocho &#8211; Ecocardiografia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Pedro Paulo Neves de Castro &#8226; Hospital Marcio Cunha &#8211; Hemodin&#226;mica &#8211; Avenida Kiyoshi Tsunawaki, 41. CEP 35160-158, Ipatinga, MG &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>ppncastro@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Castro PPN, Moura I, Pena JLB; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Castro PPN, Castro MAN, Nascimento GA; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Moura I; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Castro PPN; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Moura I, Pena JLB.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>448</fpage>
      <lpage>457</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> A estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco de morte dos pacientes no contexto da angioplastia prim&#225;ria (ATC) &#233; fundamental.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo</title>
          <p> Identificar os fatores relacionados ao desfecho morte em pacientes submetidos a ATC.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Estudo de caso-controle, utilizando como fonte de dados um registro brasileiro. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre cada vari&#225;vel e o desfecho &#243;bito foi avaliada via modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria. Consideramos significativo p&lt;0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Foram analisados 26.990 registros, sendo 18.834 (69,8%) do sexo masculino, com idade mediana de 61 (17) anos. Na an&#225;lise multivariada, as principais vari&#225;veis relacionadas ao desfecho &#243;bito com seus respectivos <italic>odds ratio</italic> e intervalos de confian&#231;a (IC) com n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 95% foram a idade avan&#231;ada 70 - 79 anos (2,46; 1,64 - 3,79) e &#8805; 80 anos (3,68; 2,38 - 5,81), p&lt;0,001, classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip II (2,71; 1,92 - 3,83), Killip III (8,14; 5,67 - 11,64), Killip IV (19,83; 14,85 - 26,69), p&lt;0,001, disfun&#231;&#227;o global acentuada do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) (3,63; 2,39 - 5,68), p&lt;0,001 e ocorr&#234;ncia de infarto ap&#243;s a interven&#231;&#227;o (5,01; 2,57- 9,46), p&lt;0,001. O principal fator protetor foi o fluxo TIMI III p&#243;s-interven&#231;&#227;o (0,18; 0,13 - 0,24), p&lt;0,001, seguido do TIMI II (0,59; 0,41 - 0,86), p=0,005, sexo masculino (0,79; 0,64 - 0,98), p= 0,032, dislipidemia (0,69; 0,59 - 0,85), p&lt;0,001 e n&#250;mero de les&#245;es tratadas (0,86; 0,9 - 0,94), p&lt;0,001.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> Os preditores de mortalidade nos pacientes submetidos a ATC foram: classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip, reinfarto, idade, disfun&#231;&#227;o global acentuada do VE, sexo feminino e fluxo TIMI 0/I p&#243;s-interven&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Banco de Dados</kwd>
        <kwd>Reperfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Angioplastia Prim&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="39"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV) s&#227;o a principal causa de morbimortalidade no Brasil. Em termos relativos, as condi&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas representaram 8,3% de todas as interna&#231;&#245;es e 18,6% de todo o reembolso de despesas hospitalares do sistema &#250;nico de sa&#250;de (SUS). A doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica do cora&#231;&#227;o &#233; a que causa o maior n&#250;mero de mortes dentre as DCV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O acesso ao tratamento visando ao restabelecimento do fluxo coronariano &#233; fundamental na redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade por infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST). Estudos com uso de aspirina, associada a medica&#231;&#245;es fibrinol&#237;ticas, mostraram significativa redu&#231;&#227;o na mortalidade precoce.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Outro m&#233;todo de tratamento, a angioplastia prim&#225;ria (ATC) consiste na desobstru&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica da art&#233;ria relacionada ao IAMCSST, sendo esta a estrat&#233;gia de tratamento preferencial, desde que possa ser realizada em tempo h&#225;bil, ou seja, at&#233; noventa minutos, por equipe experiente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A ATC, quando comparada a fibrin&#243;lise qu&#237;mica, &#233; considerada o tratamento mais efetivo, podendo reduzir as taxas de mortalidade, recorr&#234;ncia do infarto n&#227;o fatal e acidente vascular cerebral.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A identifica&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes de maior risco &#233; fundamental para informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas, auxiliando no processo de decis&#227;o m&#233;dica. O conhecimento dessas vari&#225;veis, marcadoras de pior progn&#243;stico, pode ajudar na sele&#231;&#227;o de grupos de pacientes com maior taxa de eventos para futuros estudos, ajustar as caracter&#237;sticas basais da popula&#231;&#227;o em estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos e gerar hip&#243;teses para outros estudos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Existem v&#225;rias publica&#231;&#245;es com modelos para estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco, por&#233;m s&#227;o poucos os dados na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Em 1991, foi criada a Central Nacional de Interven&#231;&#245;es Cardiovasculares (CENIC), um banco de dados oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Hemodin&#226;mica e Cardiologia Intervencionista (SBHCI). Esse banco de dados traz informa&#231;&#245;es que s&#227;o provenientes da contribui&#231;&#227;o espont&#226;nea dos seus associados. O registro j&#225; foi caracterizado previamente e utilizado em outras publica&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O objetivo do presente estudo &#233; identificar os fatores de risco para morte nos pacientes submetidos a ATC.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Estudo de caso-controle, multic&#234;ntrico. Utilizamos uma fonte de dados secund&#225;ria (CENIC). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, no primeiro (casos) foram alocados os dados dos pacientes que evolu&#237;ram a &#243;bito (por qualquer causa) e no segundo grupo (controle), os pacientes submetidos ao procedimento e que sobreviveram. Os dados foram coletados durante o per&#237;odo de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Popula&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Foram selecionados registros de pacientes submetidos a ATC prim&#225;ria, no per&#237;odo de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2018. Foram exclu&#237;das as informa&#231;&#245;es de pacientes com idade inferior a 18 anos ou n&#227;o informada, com falta de dados sobre &#243;bito hospitalar e relato de uso pr&#233;vio de trombol&#237;ticos ou aus&#234;ncia dessa informa&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Exclu&#237;mos tamb&#233;m registros de procedimentos que n&#227;o s&#227;o aprovados para angioplastia prim&#225;ria de acordo com a Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> sendo exclu&#237;dos casos que utilizaram dispositivos de aterectomia rotacional, direcional, <italic>cutting balloon</italic> e <italic>excimer lazer</italic> . Ao todo, 109 registros relataram pelo menos uma dessas t&#233;cnicas.</p>
        <p>De um total de 29.003 registros originais, foram inclu&#237;dos na an&#225;lise 26.990. O fluxograma com a popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo, os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o e a distribui&#231;&#227;o de casos e controles &#233; apresentado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Popula&#231;&#227;o, crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o e distribui&#231;&#227;o de casos e controles. ATC: angioplastia prim&#225;ria; SBC: Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0448-10015-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Defini&#231;&#245;es</title>
      <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos pacientes com crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos e eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos compat&#237;veis com o diagn&#243;stico de IAMCSST, selecionados para uma estrat&#233;gia de angioplastia prim&#225;ria. O diagn&#243;stico foi confirmado pela angiografia em todos os casos. A decis&#227;o de inclus&#227;o dos pacientes no registro foi a crit&#233;rio do cardiologista intervencionista.</p>
      <p>A an&#225;lise referente &#224;s vari&#225;veis angiogr&#225;ficas, incluindo a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular foi realizada pela estimativa visual dos operadores, e as defini&#231;&#245;es utilizadas seguiram a Diretriz de Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea e M&#233;todos Adjuntos Diagn&#243;sticos em Cardiologia Intervencionista da SBHCI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A escolha do acesso vascular, uso de medica&#231;&#245;es adjuvantes e das t&#233;cnicas do procedimento foi de livre escolha dos operadores.</p>
      <p>O registro CENIC &#233; gerido pela empresa Coreware (www.coreware.com.br), que realizou a extra&#231;&#227;o dos dados para a pesquisa, sem identifica&#231;&#227;o dos participantes e respectivos hospitais de origem, visando &#224; preserva&#231;&#227;o do sigilo.</p>
      <p>As vari&#225;veis foram selecionadas baseando-se em publica&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;vias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis qualitativas foram apresentadas como frequ&#234;ncias, e as quantitativas, como mediana (dist&#226;ncia interquart&#237;lica). As vari&#225;veis quantitativas foram submetidas ao teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. A compara&#231;&#227;o das taxas de mortalidade entre sexos foi avaliada via teste Qui-Quadrado. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre cada uma das vari&#225;veis preditoras e o desfecho &#243;bito foi avaliada via modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica simples. A an&#225;lise univariada foi feita com todas as vari&#225;veis apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> . Essas vari&#225;veis foram selecionadas com base em estudos pr&#233;vios. As vari&#225;veis com p&lt;0,20 na an&#225;lise univariada foram inclu&#237;das em um modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria multivariado. A partir da estrat&#233;gia <italic>stepwise</italic> chegou-se ao modelo final, e a qualidade do ajuste foi avaliada utilizando-se o teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow. Todos os dados faltantes foram exclu&#237;dos da an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas da amostra e associa&#231;&#227;o com o desfecho &#243;bito</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                  <th>Toda a amostra (n=26.990)</th>
                  <th>N&#227;o (n=26.086)</th>
                  <th>Sim (n=904)</th>
                  <th>p-valor</th>
                  <th>OR (IC 95%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>G&#234;nero</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>F</td>
                  <td align="center">8.156 (30,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7.764 (29,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">392 (43,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>M</td>
                  <td align="center">18.834 (69,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">18.322 (70,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">512 (56,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,55 (0,48; 0,63)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Idade</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>19 a 49 anos</td>
                  <td align="center">4.472 (16,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4.400 (16,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">72 (8,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>50 a 59 anos</td>
                  <td align="center">7.886 (29,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7.734 (29,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">152 (16,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,204</td>
                  <td align="center">1,20 (0,91; 1,60)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>60 a 69 anos</td>
                  <td align="center">7.395 (27,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7.166 (27,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">229 (25,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1,95 (1,50; 2,57)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>70 a 79 anos</td>
                  <td align="center">4.968 (18,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4.714 (18,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">254 (28,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">3,29 (2,54; 4,32)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#8805; 80 anos</td>
                  <td align="center">2.269 (8,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.072 (7,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">197 (21,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">5,81 (4,44; 7,69)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>Killip* (n=26.989)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>I</td>
                  <td align="center">20.560 (76,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">20.359 (78,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">201 (22,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>II</td>
                  <td align="center">3.560 (13,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.452 (13,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">108 (11,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">3,17 (2,49; 4,01)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>III</td>
                  <td align="center">1.079 (4,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">969 (3,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">110 (12,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">11,50 (9,01; 14,60)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>IV</td>
                  <td align="center">1.790 (6,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.305 (5,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">485 (53,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">37,64 (31,69; 44,86)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>Localiza&#231;&#227;o das les&#245;es* (n=27.179)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>DA proximal</td>
                  <td align="center">7.266 (26,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6.951 (26,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">315 (34,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Coron&#225;ria direita m&#233;dio/distal e ramos</td>
                  <td align="center">6.451 (23,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6.326 (24,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">125 (13,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,44 (0,35; 0,54)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>DA m&#233;dio/distal e ramos</td>
                  <td align="center">5.515 (20,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">5.379 (20,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">136 (15,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,56 (0,45; 0,68)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Coron&#225;ria direita proximal</td>
                  <td align="center">3.696 (13,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.561 (13,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">135 (14,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,089</td>
                  <td align="center">0,84 (0,68; 1,03)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Circunflexa distal/ramos</td>
                  <td align="center">1.989 (7,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.949 (7,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (4,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,45 (0,32; 0,62)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Circunflexa proximal</td>
                  <td align="center">1.486 (5,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.423 (5,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">63 (7,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,869</td>
                  <td align="center">0,98 (0,73; 1,28)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Enxertos</td>
                  <td align="center">370 (1,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">345 (1,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (2,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,029</td>
                  <td align="center">1,60 (1,02; 2,39)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tronco</td>
                  <td align="center">217 (0,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">152 (0,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">65 (7,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">9,44 (6,87; 12,83)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>Extens&#227;o da doen&#231;a* (n=26.751)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Uniarterial</td>
                  <td align="center">12.699 (47,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">12.484 (48,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">215 (24,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Biarterial</td>
                  <td align="center">7.889 (29,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7.610 (29,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">279 (31,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">2,13 (1,78; 2,55)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Multiarterial + TCE</td>
                  <td align="center">36 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">29 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (0,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">14,02 (5,60; 30,59)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>TCE</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (0,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">29 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (1,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">30,03 (15,48; 55,99)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Triarterial</td>
                  <td align="center">6.083 (22,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">5.702 (22,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">381 (42,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">3,88 (3,28; 4,61)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tempo porta-bal&#227;o<sup>1</sup>* (minutos) (n=25.837)</td>
                  <td align="center">70,00 (75,00)</td>
                  <td align="center">70,00 (75,00)</td>
                  <td align="center">80,00 (66,80)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,010</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0006 (1,0001; 1,001)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cirurgia pr&#233;via CRVM</td>
                  <td align="center">803 (3,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">759 (2,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (4,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1,71 (1,23; 2,30)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Angioplastia pr&#233;via</td>
                  <td align="center">3.143 (11,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.044 (11,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">99 (11,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,508</td>
                  <td align="center">0,93 (0,75; 1,14)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>IAM pr&#233;vio* (n=26.957)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.948 (10,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.808 (10,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">140 (15,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1,52 (1,26; 1,82)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes Mellitus</td>
                  <td align="center">5.270 (19,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">5.021 (19,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">249 (27,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1,59 (1,37; 1,85)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insulino-dependentes</td>
                  <td align="center">753 (2,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">697 (2,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">56 (6,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">2,41 (1,80; 3,16)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HAS</td>
                  <td align="center">19.045 (70,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">18.406 (70,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">639 (70,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,934</td>
                  <td align="center">1,006 (0,87; 1,17)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>IRA</td>
                  <td align="center">43 (0,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (2,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">21,18 (11,35; 38,75)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tabagismo</td>
                  <td align="center">9.521 (35,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">9.273 (35,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">248 (27,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,69 (0,59; 0,79)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dislipidemia</td>
                  <td align="center">13.221 (49,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">12.825 (49,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">396 (43,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,002</td>
                  <td align="center">0,81 (0,70; 0,92)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hist&#243;ria familiar</td>
                  <td align="center">6.364 (23,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6.208 (23,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">156 (17,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,67 (0,56; 0,79)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>TIMI Pr&#233;</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>0</td>
                  <td align="center">18.160 (67,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">17.472 (67,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">688 (76,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1</td>
                  <td align="center">1.576 (5,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.513 (5,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">63 (7,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,678</td>
                  <td align="center">1,06 (0,81; 1,36)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>2</td>
                  <td align="center">2.435 (9,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.371 (9,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">64 (7,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,004</td>
                  <td align="center">0,69 (0,52; 0,88)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>3</td>
                  <td align="center">4.819 (17,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4.730 (18,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">89 (9,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,48 (0,38; 0,59)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>TIMI P&#243;s* (n=26.975)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>0</td>
                  <td align="center">1.175 (4,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">955 (3,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">220 (24,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1</td>
                  <td align="center">322 (1,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">257 (1,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">65 (7,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,554</td>
                  <td align="center">1,10 (0,80; 1,49)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>2</td>
                  <td align="center">1.289 (4,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.146 (4,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">143 (15,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,54 (0,43; 0,68)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>3</td>
                  <td align="center">24.189 (89,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">23.715 (91,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">474 (52,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,09 (0,07; 0,10)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Di&#226;metro do vaso<sup>1</sup>* (n=19.931)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,00 (0,75)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,00 (0,75)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,00 (0,75)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,63 (0,52; 0,76)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>Fun&#231;&#227;o VE* (n=16.880)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Normal</td>
                  <td align="center">3.169 (18,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.139 (19,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 (6,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o global leve</td>
                  <td align="center">6.167 (36,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6.123 (37,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (8,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,230</td>
                  <td align="center">0,75 (0,47; 1,21)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o global moderada</td>
                  <td align="center">5.230 (31,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">5.130 (31,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (20,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">2,04 (1,37; 3,13)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o global acentuada</td>
                  <td align="center">2.314 (13,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.989 (12,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">325 (65,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">17,10 (11,92; 25,47)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Complica&#231;&#227;o vascular menor</td>
                  <td align="center">87 (0,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">82 (0,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (0,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,219</td>
                  <td align="center">1,76 (0,62; 3,94)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Complica&#231;&#227;o vascular maior</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (0,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">6,97 (2,58; 15,94)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>AVC hemorr&#225;gico</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (&lt;0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (0,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">9,66 (2,70; 27,78)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>AVC isqu&#234;mico</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (&lt;0,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (0,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">15,84 (5,45; 41,72)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>Via de acesso* (n=25.032)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Femoral</td>
                  <td align="center">19.278 (77,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">18.690 (76,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">588 (86,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Braquial &#8211; dissec&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">299 (1,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">291 (1,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (1,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,709</td>
                  <td align="center">0,87 (0,39; 1,66)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Braquial &#8211; pun&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">165 (0,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">162 (0,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (0,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,364</td>
                  <td align="center">0,59 (0,15; 1,55)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Radial</td>
                  <td align="center">5.290 (21,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">5.210 (21,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">80 (11,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,49 (0,38; 0,61)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Abciximab* (n=25.107)</td>
                  <td align="center">830 (3,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">800 (3,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 (4,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,103</td>
                  <td align="center">1,36 (0,92; 1,94)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tirofiban* (n=25.107)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.199 (12,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.067 (12,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">132 (19,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1,68 (1,38; 2,03)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>AAS* (n=25.107)</td>
                  <td align="center">22.475 (89,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">21.873 (89,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">602 (88,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,394</td>
                  <td align="center">0,90 (0,71; 1,15)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Calcifica&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">5.448 (20,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">5.176 (19,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">272 (30,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1,74 (1,50; 2,01)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Trombo intracoronariano</td>
                  <td align="center">16.812 (62,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">16.197 (62,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">615 (68,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1,30 (1,13; 1,50)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarto ap&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">130 (0,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">98 (0,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">32 (3,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">9,73 (6,40; 14,42)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Les&#245;es tratadas<sup>1</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">1,00 (1,00)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,00 (1,00)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,00 (0,00)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,84 (0,79; 0,89)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1">
                <p>
                  <italic>*vari&#225;veis que apresentaram missings, n v&#225;lido entre par&#234;nteses. <sup>1</sup>Dados apresentados como mediana (dist&#226;ncia interquart&#237;lica). Os p-valores referem-se ao modelo log&#237;stico bin&#225;rio simples. Da: art&#233;ria descendente anterior; TCE: tronco da coron&#225;ria esquerda; CRVM: cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio; HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica; IRA: insufici&#234;ncia renal aguda; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; AAS: &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico. Fonte: elabora&#231;&#227;o do autor, 2021.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Os resultados foram apresentados como <italic>odds ratio</italic> (OR) com respectivos intervalos de 95% de confian&#231;a (IC 95%). As an&#225;lises foram realizadas no programa gratuito R vers&#227;o 4.0.0, e foi considerado significativo p&lt;0,05.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
        <p>O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Faculdade Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais, protocolo n&#250;mero 3.502.883. Houve dispensa do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE). Todos os procedimentos realizados neste estudo est&#227;o em conformidade com o descrito na resolu&#231;&#227;o 466/2012.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Foram analisados 26990 registros provenientes de todas as regi&#245;es brasileiras, a distribui&#231;&#227;o de casos &#233; apresentada na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> . A maioria dos registros, 1883 (69,8%) foram do sexo masculino, a idade mediana encontrada foi 61 (DI 17) anos e o fator de risco mais frequente foi a hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, sendo relatada por 19045 (70,6%) dos participantes.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o de casos por regi&#227;o.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0448-10015-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>A maioria dos pacientes, 20560 (76,2%) apresentava classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip classe I com predom&#237;nio de doen&#231;a acometendo um &#250;nico vaso, 12699 (47,5%) e apresentando disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular leve, 6167 (36,5%).</p>
      <p>O n&#250;mero total de &#243;bitos foi de 904 pacientes e a taxa de mortalidade geral foi 3,3%. A taxa de mortalidade foi menor nos homens em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s mulheres (2,7% e 4,8% respectivamente, p&lt;0,001, teste Qui-Quadrado).</p>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> mostra as caracter&#237;sticas da amostra, a associa&#231;&#227;o com o desfecho &#243;bito e os resultados do teste de associa&#231;&#227;o e as estimativas do <italic>odds ratio</italic> (OR) com intervalo de confian&#231;a (IC) de 95%, com seus respectivos valores p, obtidos por meio do ajuste de modelos log&#237;sticos univariados. Nesta an&#225;lise, as vari&#225;veis com p &lt;0,20 utilizadas na modelo m&#250;ltiplo foram g&#234;nero, idade, classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip, localiza&#231;&#227;o da les&#245;es, extens&#227;o da doen&#231;a coronariana, tempo porta-bal&#227;o, hist&#243;rico de cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio, relato de infarto pr&#233;vio, diabetes, tabagismo, dislipidemia, hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, hist&#243;rico familiar de doen&#231;a coronariana precoce, classifica&#231;&#227;o do fluxo TIMI antes e ap&#243;s a interven&#231;&#227;o, di&#226;metro do vaso, desenvolvimento de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares maiores, insufici&#234;ncia renal, acidente vascular encef&#225;lico isqu&#234;mico ou hemorr&#225;gico, novo infarto p&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o, acesso vascular, n&#250;mero de les&#245;es tratadas e presen&#231;a de calcifica&#231;&#227;o e trombo.</p>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> apresenta os fatores relacionados ao desfecho &#243;bito, com respectivos resultados das estimativas da OR, intervalos de 95% de confian&#231;a e valores p, obtidos por meio do ajuste pelo modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria multivariado.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Vari&#225;veis que se correlacionaram de forma significativa e independente com &#243;bito intra-hospitalar</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Caracter&#237;stica</th>
                <th>OR</th>
                <th>IC 95% OR</th>
                <th>p-valor</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Intercepto</td>
                <td align="center">0,021</td>
                <td align="center">(0,011; 0,039)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>G&#234;nero M</td>
                <td align="center">0,789</td>
                <td align="center">(0,635; 0,981)</td>
                <td align="center">0,032</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Idade (ref. &lt;50)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>50 a 59</td>
                <td align="center">1,625</td>
                <td align="center">(1,059; 2,540)</td>
                <td align="center">0,029</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>60 a 69</td>
                <td align="center">2,004</td>
                <td align="center">(1,336; 3,076)</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>70 a 79</td>
                <td align="center">2,462</td>
                <td align="center">(1,635; 3,789)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#8805; 80</td>
                <td align="center">3,688</td>
                <td align="center">(2,384; 5,812)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Killip (ref. I)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>II</td>
                <td align="center">2,718</td>
                <td align="center">(1,919; 3,827)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>III</td>
                <td align="center">8,139</td>
                <td align="center">(5,672; 11,637)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IV</td>
                <td align="center">19,833</td>
                <td align="center">(14,851; 26,688)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">0,689</td>
                <td align="center">(0,558; 0,850)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>TIMI P&#243;s (ref. 0)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>1</td>
                <td align="center">1,303</td>
                <td align="center">(0,774; 2,162)</td>
                <td align="center">0,313</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>2</td>
                <td align="center">0,593</td>
                <td align="center">(0,409; 0,857)</td>
                <td align="center">0,005</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>3</td>
                <td align="center">0,176</td>
                <td align="center">(0,133; 0,235)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Fun&#231;&#227;o VE (ref. Normal)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o global leve</td>
                <td align="center">0,799</td>
                <td align="center">(0,491; 1,322)</td>
                <td align="center">0,373</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o global moderada</td>
                <td align="center">1,206</td>
                <td align="center">(0,782; 1,914)</td>
                <td align="center">0,410</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o global acentuada</td>
                <td align="center">3,625</td>
                <td align="center">(2,393; 5,675)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Infarto ap&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">5,006</td>
                <td align="center">(2,568; 9,460)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#176; de les&#245;es tratadas</td>
                <td align="center">0,859</td>
                <td align="center">(0,785; 0,938)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>
                <italic>P-valor Hosmer-Lemeshow 0,683. VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. Fonte: elabora&#231;&#227;o do autor, 2021.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os principais indicadores de mortalidade nos pacientes submetidos a ATC prim&#225;ria encontrados no nosso estudo, al&#233;m da idade e sexo feminino, foram relacionados ao impacto do infarto na fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular, como a classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip e a presen&#231;a de disfun&#231;&#227;o global acentuada do VE analisada pela angiografia. Por outro lado, a presen&#231;a de fluxo TIMI II/III ap&#243;s a interven&#231;&#227;o, refletiu o sucesso do tratamento, que visa justamente &#224; manuten&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e a preven&#231;&#227;o de outras complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares. A ocorr&#234;ncia de reinfarto foi infrequente, mas mostrou-se como um indicador independente de mortalidade nesses pacientes.</p>
      <p>As taxas de mortalidade nos pacientes submetidos a ATC variam de 2,3% a 11,9% de acordo com diferentes fontes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> No registro CENIC, encontramos uma taxa de &#243;bitos de 3,4%. Esse achado pode ser relativo &#224; subnotifica&#231;&#227;o e ao menor risco da amostra. Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> , demonstramos compara&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis correlacionadas ao desfecho morte, estabelecidas no nosso estudo, em rela&#231;&#227;o a outros j&#225; publicados na literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup></p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Comparativo de vari&#225;veis relacionadas ao desfecho &#243;bito</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                <th>CENIC (n=26.990)</th>
                <th>DynTIMI (n=20.506)</th>
                <th>PAMI (n=3.252)</th>
                <th>CADILLAC (n=2.082)</th>
                <th>GRACE (n=11.389)</th>
                <th>Zwolle (n=1.791)</th>
                <th>ALPHA (n=1.255)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tempo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Hospitalar</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>1 ano</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>6 meses</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>1 ano</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>6 meses</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>30 dias</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>30 dias</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>G&#234;nero feminino</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipotens&#227;o Arterial</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Frequ&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HAS</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Angina pectoris</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IAM Anterior ou BRE</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Peso</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tempo de isquemia</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Fluxo (TIMI final de 0 a 2)</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>FEVE</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o acentuada VE</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Anemia</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Doen&#231;a nos tr&#234;s vasos</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Desvio do segmento ST</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Creatinina/IR</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Parada card&#237;aca</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Marcadores de les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Recorr&#234;ncia de infarto</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>AVC</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Arritmia</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IC/Choque</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sangramento maior</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Acesso femoral</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">+</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>
                <italic>CENIC: Central Nacional de Interven&#231;&#245;es Cardiovasculares; dynTIMI: dynamic Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction; PAMI: Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction; CADILLAC: Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; ALPHA: (Age, Life support, Pressure, Heart rate, Access site); HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; BRE, bloqueio do Ramo Esquerdo; FEVE, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; IR: insufici&#234;ncia renal; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; IC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Fonte: elabora&#231;&#227;o do autor, 2021.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Observa-se que o &#250;nico indicador do estudo CENIC divergente dos demais modelos de risco apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> foi o sexo feminino, por&#233;m, esse achado j&#225; foi relatado por outras publica&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Alguns autores relacionam a maior presen&#231;a de sintomas at&#237;picos nas mulheres com atrasos no tratamento, a chamada s&#237;ndrome de Yentl. A angioplastia tamb&#233;m pode ser mais desafiadora, levando a uma menor taxa de sucesso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> Dados ausentes no nosso banco de dados, como o tempo total de isquemia, a ocorr&#234;ncia de sangramento fora do s&#237;tio de acesso e peso poderiam explicar em parte a pior evolu&#231;&#227;o no sexo feminino.</p>
      <p>A classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip e Kimball, foi a vari&#225;vel que se mostrou como melhor indicador de progn&#243;stico, fato corroborado por outros estudos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> No registro Grace, a chance &#243;bito aumentava cerca de 3 vezes a cada incremento na classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip 3,30 (3,00-3,60) p &lt;0.001. Na nossa casu&#237;stica tivemos 1790 casos (6,6% do total) com choque cardiog&#234;nico (classe IV de Killip), semelhante &#224; incid&#234;ncia descrita na literatura (5 a 10%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A fal&#234;ncia ventricular &#233; a principal causa de morte nesses pacientes e o &#250;nico tratamento que tem mostrado efetividade &#233; a reperfus&#227;o precoce. O uso de dispositivos de assist&#234;ncia ventricular, como o bal&#227;o intra-a&#243;rtico, apresenta resultados conflitantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref></sup> Outros dispositivos t&#234;m sido testados e at&#233; utilizados na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, por&#233;m ainda sem estudos conclusivos publicados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O objetivo da interven&#231;&#227;o &#233; a obten&#231;&#227;o do fluxo final TIMI III. Esse resultado relacionou-se fortemente com a redu&#231;&#227;o nas chances de &#243;bito OR 0,18 (IC 0,13-0,23 p&lt;0,001). Esse achado &#233; corroborado por outros estudos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> Outros indicadores que refletem a les&#227;o da microcircula&#231;&#227;o, como, por exemplo, a resolu&#231;&#227;o da eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST e quantifica&#231;&#227;o do <italic>blush</italic> mioc&#225;rdico, poderiam melhorar o nosso modelo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref></sup></p>
      <p>De acordo com dados publicados na literatura, a taxa de reinfarto nos pacientes tratados com ATC &#233; menor do que nos pacientes tratados por fibrin&#243;lise.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref></sup> Na nossa casu&#237;stica a taxa foi de 0,5%. Esse achado &#233; compat&#237;vel com estudos randomizados, comparando a ATC com fibrin&#243;lise.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Apesar da incid&#234;ncia de reinfarto ter sido relativamente baixa, a chance de &#243;bito foi cerca de cinco vezes maior nos pacientes que tiveram este evento.</p>
      <p>Em nosso estudo, encontramos correla&#231;&#227;o inversa entre o n&#250;mero de les&#245;es tratadas e a chance de morte. Estudos pr&#233;vios sugerem que a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de outros vasos al&#233;m daquele diretamente relacionado ao IAM n&#227;o parece interferir de forma significativa nas chances de morte e reinfarto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> Portanto, especulamos que o motivo mais prov&#225;vel, seria um vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o, em que pacientes de menor risco teriam sido selecionados para o tratamento intervencionista adicional. Entretanto, n&#227;o podemos excluir a hip&#243;tese de que a interven&#231;&#227;o seletiva em obstru&#231;&#245;es de alto risco possa ter melhorado o progn&#243;stico.</p>
      <p>Outro achado inesperado foi o potencial efeito protetor da dislipidemia. No estudo TIMI, o uso de drogas hipolipemiantes tamb&#233;m foi associado a melhor evolu&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> A explica&#231;&#227;o para esta descoberta conhecida como &#8220;paradoxo lip&#237;dico&#8221; n&#227;o &#233; completamente conhecida. Sup&#245;e-se que pacientes que referem dislipidemia, tem maior probabilidade de usar medica&#231;&#245;es, bem como ter mais cuidado com a pr&#243;pria sa&#250;de. Por outro lado, o achado de baixos n&#237;veis de lipoprote&#237;nas de baixa densidade (LDL) pode levar a uma menor prescri&#231;&#227;o de estatinas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Outros trabalhos, incluindo uma meta-an&#225;lise de estudos randomizados<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref></sup> e um modelo de risco,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> demonstraram o impacto do acesso radial na redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade. Nosso modelo n&#227;o corroborou esses achados. Uma poss&#237;vel explica&#231;&#227;o &#233; a caracter&#237;stica da nossa amostra. N&#243;s exclu&#237;mos pacientes tratados previamente com fibrinol&#237;ticos e tivemos uma baixa utiliza&#231;&#227;o de inibidores da glicoprote&#237;na IIb/IIa. Al&#233;m disso, nossos operadores selecionaram o acesso baseado nas caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas do paciente e na sua pr&#243;pria expertise, levando a melhores resultados.</p>
      <p>Dentre os modelos de risco apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> , nosso trabalho foi um dos poucos a mencionar o sexo feminino como fator de risco ao &#243;bito em pacientes tratados por ATC. Esse achado refor&#231;a a necessidade de um diagn&#243;stico mais r&#225;pido e preciso e a ado&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias de tratamento diferenciadas para as mulheres. Outro achado interessante, foi o pseudoefeito &#8220;protetor&#8221; da dislipidemia, como discutido, este achado sugere fortemente que os pacientes sem dislipidemia devem receber estatinas, nas mesmas doses preconizadas, independentemente do n&#237;vel de colesterol, conforme indicado nas diretrizes.</p>
      <p>Medidas com o objetivo de atenuar a les&#227;o de reperfus&#227;o, podem diminuir ainda mais a taxa de mortalidade, pois, como demonstrado, al&#233;m do fluxo TIMI III a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular foi um importante marcador de bom progn&#243;stico. Finalmente, o uso dos novos antiagregantes, associado a novos materiais e t&#233;cnicas de interven&#231;&#227;o podem reduzir a trombose do <italic>stent</italic> e consequentemente diminuir a letalidade.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
        <p>Nosso estudo apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es: trata-se de um estudo observacional, n&#227;o randomizado, portanto avaliamos a associa&#231;&#227;o entre o &#243;bito e vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas, angiogr&#225;ficas e complica&#231;&#245;es e n&#227;o causalidade. Al&#233;m disso, as vari&#225;veis foram coletadas de uma fonte secund&#225;ria, fruto de contribui&#231;&#227;o espont&#226;nea, portanto, n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel a adjudica&#231;&#227;o dos dados. Finalmente o estudo apresenta falta de uniformidade em algumas defini&#231;&#245;es e aus&#234;ncia de vari&#225;veis importantes relacionadas ao IAM, observa-se que o registro CENIC &#233; rico em vari&#225;veis angiogr&#225;ficas e relativamente pobre em vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas, justamente por ter sido concebido por intervencionistas.</p>
        <p>Encontramos ainda uma baixa taxa de mortalidade hospitalar, o que sugere subnotifica&#231;&#227;o, situa&#231;&#227;o comumente encontrada em registros n&#227;o mandat&#243;rios e n&#227;o ligados a reembolso o que pode ter gerado vi&#233;s de inclus&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Outra limita&#231;&#227;o foi a presen&#231;a de dados faltantes. Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">tabela 1</xref> vari&#225;veis com n diferente da amostra s&#227;o assinaladas com asterisco. Observamos baixa perda de dados na maioria das vari&#225;veis. A vari&#225;vel fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular pela angiografia, apresentou elevado <italic>missing</italic> , por&#233;m a ventriculografia tem sido cada vez menos empregada na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica e nosso estudo &#233; reflexo do &#8220;mundo real&#8221;. Outra vari&#225;vel com perda significativa foi o di&#226;metro do vaso, que, talvez, tenha ocorrido por dificuldade de medida relacionada ao fato de o vaso estar oclu&#237;do na grande maioria dos casos.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os preditores de mortalidade nos pacientes submetidos a ATC prim&#225;ria catalogados no registro CENIC foram: classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip, reinfarto, idade avan&#231;ada, disfun&#231;&#227;o global acentuada do VE, sexo feminino e fluxo TIMI 0/I p&#243;s-interven&#231;&#227;o. Essa identifica&#231;&#227;o dos elementos associados ao pior progn&#243;stico, pode ser &#250;til na estratifica&#231;&#227;o e cuidados ao paciente coronariopata.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de mestrado de Pedro Paulo Neves de Castro pela Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <app-group>
      <app id="app1">
        <title>* Material suplementar</title>
        <p>Para informa&#231;&#227;o adicional, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2022/11903/2021-0015_material-suplementar_portugu%C3%AAs.pdf">clique aqui</ext-link> .</p>
      </app>
    </app-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Predictors of Hospital Mortality Based on Primary Angioplasty Treatment: A Multicenter Case-Control Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3024-341X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Paulo Neves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Antonio Nazar&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Abreu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moura</surname>
            <given-names>Isabel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8920-5173</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pena</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Luiz Barros</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Marcio Cunha &#8211; Hemodin&#226;mica, Ipatinga, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais &#8211; Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o stricto sensu em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unimed Vale do A&#231;o, Ipatinga, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Fel&#237;cio Rocho &#8211; Ecocardiografia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Pedro Paulo Neves de Castro &#8226; Hospital Marcio Cunha &#8211; Hemodin&#226;mica &#8211; Avenida Kiyoshi Tsunawaki, 41. Postal code 35160-158, Ipatinga, MG &#8211; Brazil E-mail: ppncastro@gmail.com</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Analysis and interpretation of the data: Castro PPN, Moura I, Pena JLB; Acquisition of data: Castro PPN, Castro MAN, Nascimento GA; Statistical analysis: Moura I; Writing of the manuscript: Castro PPN; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Moura I, Pena JLB.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>Identification of high-risk patients undergoing primary angioplasty (PCI) is essential.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>Identify factors related to the causes of death in PCI patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>This work consisted of a multicenter case-control study using a Brazilian registry of cardiovascular interventions as the data source. The association between each variable and death was assessed using a binary logistic regression model, p &lt;0.05 was considered significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>A total of 26,990 records were analyzed, of which 18,834 (69.8%) were male patients, with a median age of 61 (&#177;17) years. In the multivariate analysis, the main variables related to the causes of death with their respective odds ratios and 95%confidence intervals (CI) were advanced age, 70-79 years (2.46; 1.64-3.79) and &#8805; 80 years (3.69; 2.38-5.81), p&lt;0.001; the classification of Killip II (2.71; 1.92-3.83), Killip III (8.14; 5.67-11.64), and Killip IV (19.83; 14.85-26.69), p&lt;0.001; accentuated global dysfunction (3.63; 2,39-5.68), p&lt;0.001; and the occurrence of infarction after intervention (5.01; 2.57-9.46), p&lt;0.001. The main protective factor was the post-intervention thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) III flow (0.18; 0.13-0.24), p&lt;0.001, followed by TIMI II (0.59; 0.41 -0.86), p=0.005, and male (0.79; 0.64-0.98), p = 0.032; dyslipidemia (0.69; 0.59-0.85), p&lt;0.001; and number of lesions treated (0.86; 0.9-0.94), p&lt;0.001.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>The predictors of mortality in patients undergoing PCI were Killip&#8217;s classification, reinfarction, advanced age, severe left ventricular dysfunction, female gender, and post-intervention TIMI 0 / I flow.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Acute Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Database</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Reperfusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. Cardiac conditions account for 8.3% of all hospitalizations and 18.6% of all hospital expense reimbursements in the Brazilian public health system. Ischemic heart disease is the leading CVD cause of death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Access to treatment restoring coronary flow is essential in reducing mortality from ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Studies have shown a significant reduction in early mortality using aspirin with fibrinolytic medications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Another treatment method, primary percutaneous coronary intervention angioplasty (PCI), consists of the mechanical opening of the artery related to STEMI. It is the preferred treatment strategy if performed by an experienced team up to ninety minutes after admission.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Compared to chemical fibrinolysis, PCI is considered the most effective treatment, and can reduce mortality rates, nonfatal infarction recurrence, and stroke.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Identifying high-risk patients is essential for prognostic information and aids in the medical decision-making process. Knowing these variables can help select patients with a higher rate of events for future studies, adjust population baseline characteristics in epidemiological studies, and generate hypotheses for further studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Several publications present models for risk stratification, but little data refer to the Brazilian population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> In 1991, the National Cardiovascular Intervention Center (CENIC) was created, an official database of the Brazilian Society of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology (SBHCI). This database contains information that comes from the spontaneous contribution of its members and has been used in other key publications in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The present study aims to identify the risk factors for death in Brazilian patients undergoing PCI.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>This study used a secondary data source (CENIC) in a multicenter case-control study. Patients were divided into two groups: those who survived the procedure (controls) and those who died (for any reason). Data were collected during the hospitalization period.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Population</title>
          <p>Records of patients undergoing primary PCI were selected from January 2004 to December 2018. The exclusion criteria involved patients younger than 18 years of age or an unknown age, missing data on hospital mortality, and previous use or unknown use of thrombolytics.</p>
          <p>This study also excluded patients submitted to procedures unapproved for primary angioplasty, according to the Brazilian Society of Cardiology Guidelines,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> including cases that used rotational, directional atherectomy; cutting balloon; and excimer laser devices. Altogether, 109 records reported at least one of these techniques.</p>
          <p>From 29,003 original records, 26,990 were included in the analysis. The flowchart with the study population, exclusion criteria, and distribution of cases and controls is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> .</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f01001">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Population, exclusion criteria, and distribution of cases and controls. BSC: Brazilian Society of Cardiology; PCI: primary angioplasty.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0448-10015-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Definitions</title>
        <p>Patients with clinical and electrocardiographic criteria compatible with the diagnosis of STEMI, selected for a primary angioplasty strategy, were included. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography in all cases. The decision to include patients in the registry was at the discretion of the interventional cardiologist.</p>
        <p>Analysis regarding the angiographic variables, including ventricular function, was visually estimated by the examiners. The definitions followed the SBHCI Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Adjunct Diagnostic Methods in Interventional Cardiology.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The choice of vascular access, use of adjuvant medications, and procedure techniques were chosen by the examiners.</p>
        <p>Coreware managed the CENIC registry, performed the research data extraction, and maintained participants and hospitals of origin confidential (www.coreware.com.br).</p>
        <p>The variables were selected based on previous publications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Qualitative variables were presented as frequencies and quantitative variables as medians (interquartile range). Quantitative variables were subjected to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. The comparison of mortality rates between genders was evaluated using the chi-square test. The association between each predictor variable and death outcome was assessed using a simple logistic regression model. The univariate analysis was performed with all variables shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> . These variables were selected based on previous studies. Variables with p&lt;0.20 in the univariate analysis were included in a multivariate binary logistic regression model. The final model was obtained using the stepwise strategy, and the quality of the adjustment was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The missing data were not considered in the statistical analysis.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t1001">
              <label>Table 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Sample characteristics and association with the outcome of death</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Features</th>
                    <th>All sample (n = 26,990)</th>
                    <th>No (n = 26,086)</th>
                    <th>Yes (n = 904)</th>
                    <th>p-value</th>
                    <th>OR (95% CI)</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Gender</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>F</td>
                    <td align="center">8.156 (30.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">7.764 (29.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">392 (43.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>M</td>
                    <td align="center">18.834 (69.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">18.322 (70.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">512 (56.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.55 (0.48; 0.63)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Age</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>19 to 49 years</td>
                    <td align="center">4.472 (16.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">4.400 (16.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">72 (8.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>50 to 59 years</td>
                    <td align="center">7.886 (29.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">7.734 (29.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">152 (16.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.204</td>
                    <td align="center">1.20 (0.91; 1.60)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>60 to 69 years</td>
                    <td align="center">7.395 (27.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">7.166 (27.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">229 (25.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">1.95 (1.50; 2.57)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>70 to 79 years</td>
                    <td align="center">4.968 (18.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">4.714 (18.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">254 (28.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">3.29 (2.54; 4.32)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>&#8805; 80 years</td>
                    <td align="center">2.269 (8.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">2.072 (7.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">197 (21.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">5.81 (4.44; 7.69)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="6">
                      <bold>Killip* (n = 26,989)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>I</td>
                    <td align="center">20.560 (76.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">20.359 (78.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">201 (22.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>II</td>
                    <td align="center">3.560 (13.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.452 (13.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">108 (11.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">3.17 (2.49; 4.01)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>III</td>
                    <td align="center">1.079 (4.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">969 (3.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">110 (12.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">11.50 (9.01; 14.60)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>IV</td>
                    <td align="center">1.790 (6.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.305 (5.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">485 (53.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">37.64 (31.69; 44.86)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="6">
                      <bold>Lesion location* (n = 27,179)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Proximal LAD</td>
                    <td align="center">7.266 (26.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">6.951 (26.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">315 (34.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Middle / distal right coronary and branches</td>
                    <td align="center">6.451 (23.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">6.326 (24.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">125 (13.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.44 (0.35; 0.54)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Middle / distal LAD and branches</td>
                    <td align="center">5.515 (20.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">5.379 (20.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">136 (15.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.56 (0.45; 0.68)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Proximal right coronary</td>
                    <td align="center">3.696 (13.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.561 (13.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">135 (14.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.089</td>
                    <td align="center">0.84 (0.68; 1.03)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Distal circumflex / branches</td>
                    <td align="center">1.989 (7.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.949 (7.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">40 (4.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.45 (0.32; 0.62)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Proximal circumflex</td>
                    <td align="center">1.486 (5.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.423 (5.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">63 (7.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.869</td>
                    <td align="center">0.98 (0.73; 1.28)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Grafts</td>
                    <td align="center">370 (1.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">345 (1.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">25 (2.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.029</td>
                    <td align="center">1.60 (1.02; 2.39)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Left main</td>
                    <td align="center">217 (0.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">152 (0.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">65 (7.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">9.44 (6.87; 12.83)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="6">
                      <bold>Disease extent* (n = 26,751)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Single arterial</td>
                    <td align="center">12.699 (47.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">12.484 (48.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">215 (24.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Biarterial</td>
                    <td align="center">7.889 (29.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">7.610 (29.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">279 (31.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">2.13 (1.78; 2.55)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Multiarterial + LMCA</td>
                    <td align="center">36 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">29 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (0.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">14.02 (5.60; 30.59)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Left main</td>
                    <td align="center">44 (0.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">29 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (1.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">30.03 (15.48; 55.99)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Triarterial</td>
                    <td align="center">6.083 (22.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">5.702 (22.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">381 (42.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">3.88 (3.28; 4.61)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Door-to-balloon time<sup>1</sup>* (minutes) (n = 25,837)</td>
                    <td align="center">70.00 (75.00)</td>
                    <td align="center">70.00 (75.00)</td>
                    <td align="center">80.00 (66.80)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.010</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0006 (1.0001; 1.001)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Previous CABG surgery</td>
                    <td align="center">803 (3.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">759 (2.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">44 (4.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">1.71 (1.23; 2.30)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Previous angioplasty</td>
                    <td align="center">3.143 (11.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.044 (11.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">99 (11.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.508</td>
                    <td align="center">0.93 (0.75; 1.14)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Previous AMI* (n = 26,957)</td>
                    <td align="center">2.948 (10.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">2.808 (10.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">140 (15.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">1.52 (1.26; 1.82)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Diabetes Mellitus</td>
                    <td align="center">5.270 (19.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">5.021 (19.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">249 (27.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">1.59 (1.37; 1.85)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Insulin-dependent</td>
                    <td align="center">753 (2.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">697 (2.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">56 (6.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">2.41 (1.80; 3.16)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hypertension</td>
                    <td align="center">19.045 (70.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">18.406 (70.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">639 (70.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.934</td>
                    <td align="center">1.006 (0.87; 1.17)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>ARF</td>
                    <td align="center">43 (0.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">25 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (2.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">21.18 (11.35; 38.75)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Smoking</td>
                    <td align="center">9.521 (35.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">9.273 (35.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">248 (27.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.69 (0.59; 0.79)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Dyslipidemia</td>
                    <td align="center">13.221 (49.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">12.825 (49.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">396 (43.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.002</td>
                    <td align="center">0.81 (0.70; 0.92)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Family history</td>
                    <td align="center">6.364 (23.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">6.208 (23.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">156 (17.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.67 (0.56; 0.79)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="6">
                      <bold>TIMI Pre</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>0</td>
                    <td align="center">18.160 (67.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">17.472 (67.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">688 (76.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>1</td>
                    <td align="center">1.576 (5.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.513 (5.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">63 (7.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.678</td>
                    <td align="center">1.06 (0.81; 1.36)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>2</td>
                    <td align="center">2.435 (9.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">2.371 (9.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">64 (7.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.004</td>
                    <td align="center">0.69 (0.52; 0.88)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>3</td>
                    <td align="center">4.819 (17.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">4.730 (18.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">89 (9.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.48 (0.38; 0.59)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="6">
                      <bold>TIMI Post* (n = 26,975)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>0</td>
                    <td align="center">1.175 (4.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">955 (3.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">220 (24.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>1</td>
                    <td align="center">322 (1.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">257 (1.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">65 (7.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.554</td>
                    <td align="center">1.10 (0.80; 1.49)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>2</td>
                    <td align="center">1.289 (4.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.146 (4.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">143 (15.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.54 (0.43; 0.68)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>3</td>
                    <td align="center">24.189 (89.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">23.715 (91.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">474 (52.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.09 (0.07; 0.10)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Diameter of vessel<sup>1</sup>* (n = 19,931)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.00 (0.75)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.00 (0.75)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.00 (0.75)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.63 (0.52; 0.76)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="6">
                      <bold>LV function* (n = 16,880)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Normal</td>
                    <td align="center">3.169 (18.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.139 (19.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">30 (6.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild global dysfunction</td>
                    <td align="center">6.167 (36.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">6.123 (37.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">44 (8.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.230</td>
                    <td align="center">0.75 (0.47; 1.21)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate global dysfunction</td>
                    <td align="center">5.230 (31.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">5.130 (31.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">100 (20.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">2.04 (1.37; 3.13)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Marked global dysfunction</td>
                    <td align="center">2.314 (13.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.989 (12.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">325 (65.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">17.10 (11.92; 25.47)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Minor vascular complications</td>
                    <td align="center">87 (0.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">82 (0.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (0.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.219</td>
                    <td align="center">1.76 (0.62; 3.94)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Major vascular complications</td>
                    <td align="center">31 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">25 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (0.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">6.97 (2.58; 15.94)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hemorrhagic stroke</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (&lt;0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (0.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">9.66 (2.70; 27.78)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ischemic stroke</td>
                    <td align="center">17 (0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (&lt;0.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (0.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">15.84 (5.45; 41.72)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="6">
                      <bold>Access site* (n = 25,032)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Femoral</td>
                    <td align="center">19.278 (77.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">18.690 (76.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">588 (86.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Brachial - dissection</td>
                    <td align="center">299 (1.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">291 (1.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (1.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.709</td>
                    <td align="center">0.87 (0.39; 1.66)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Brachial - puncture</td>
                    <td align="center">165 (0.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">162 (0.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (0.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.364</td>
                    <td align="center">0.59 (0.15; 1.55)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Radial</td>
                    <td align="center">5.290 (21.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">5.210 (21.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">80 (11.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.49 (0.38; 0.61)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Abxicimab* (n = 25,107)</td>
                    <td align="center">830 (3.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">800 (3.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">30 (4.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.103</td>
                    <td align="center">1.36 (0.92; 1.94)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Tirofiban* (n = 25,107)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.199 (12.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.067 (12.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">132 (19.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">1.68 (1.38; 2.03)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>AAS* (n = 25,107)</td>
                    <td align="center">22.475 (89.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">21.873 (89.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">602 (88.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.394</td>
                    <td align="center">0.90 (0.71; 1.15)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Calcification</td>
                    <td align="center">5.448 (20.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">5.176 (19.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">272 (30.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">1.74 (1.50; 2.01)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Intracoronary thrombus</td>
                    <td align="center">16.812 (62.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">16.197 (62.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">615 (68.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">1.30 (1.13; 1.50)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Reinfarction</td>
                    <td align="center">130 (0.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">98 (0.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">32 (3.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">9.73 (6.40; 14.42)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Obstructions treated<sup>1</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">1.00 (1.00)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.00 (1.00)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.00 (0.00)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.84 (0.79; 0.89)</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN1001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>*variables that presented missings, n valid is in parentheses.<sup>1</sup>Data presented as median (interquartile range). The p-values refer to the simple binary logistic model. LAD: left anterior descending artery; LMCA: left main coronary artery; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; SAH: systemic arterial hypertension; ARF: acute renal failure; LV: left ventricle; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid. Source: The author, 2021.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>Results were presented as odds ratios (OR) with the respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The analyses were performed using the free R program, version 4.0.0, and p &lt;0.05 was considered significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Ethical aspects</title>
          <p>The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais, logged under protocol number: 3.502.883. The need for free and informed consent forms was waived. All procedures in this study were in accordance with resolution 466/2012.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>A total of 26,990 records were analyzed, from all Brazilian regions; the distribution of cases is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> . Most of the records, 1,883 (69.8%) were male, with a median age of 61 (&#177;17) years, and the most frequent risk factor was systemic arterial hypertension, reported by 19,045 (70.6%) participants.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Distribution of cases by region.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0448-10015-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Most of the patients, 20,560 (76.2%), presented a Killip class I classification, while 12,699 (47.5%) presented a predominance of disease affecting a single vessel and 6,167 (36.5%) presented mild ventricular dysfunction.</p>
        <p>The total number of deaths was 904 patients, and the overall mortality rate was 3.3%. The mortality rate was lower in males than in females (2.7% and 4.8%, respectively, p&lt;0.001).</p>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> shows all sample characteristics, their association with death outcomes, and the results of the OR association test with a 95%CI, with respective p-values obtained by adjusting univariate logistic models. In this univariate analysis, the variables with p&lt;0.20 used in the multiple models were gender, age, Killip classification, location of lesions, extent of coronary disease, door-to-balloon time, personal history of coronary bypass surgery, report of infarction, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia, systemic arterial hypertension, family history of early coronary disease, classification of TIMI flow before and after the intervention, vessel diameter, the development of major vascular complications, renal failure and ischemic hemorrhagic stroke, reinfarction, vascular access, the average number of obstructions treated and the presence of calcification, and thrombus.</p>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> shows the factors related to the death outcomes, OR association test with a 95% CI, and p-values obtained by adjusting the multivariate binary logistic regression model.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Variables that correlated significantly and independently with in-hospital death</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Feature</th>
                  <th>OR</th>
                  <th>CI 95% OR</th>
                  <th>p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intercept</td>
                  <td align="center">0.021</td>
                  <td align="center">(0.011; 0.039)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Gender M</td>
                  <td align="center">0.789</td>
                  <td align="center">(0.635; 0.981)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.032</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Age (ref. &lt;50)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>50 to 59</td>
                  <td align="center">1.625</td>
                  <td align="center">(1.059; 2.540)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.029</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>60 to 69</td>
                  <td align="center">2.004</td>
                  <td align="center">(1.336; 3.076)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>70 to 79</td>
                  <td align="center">2.462</td>
                  <td align="center">(1.635; 3.789)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#8805; 80</td>
                  <td align="center">3.688</td>
                  <td align="center">(2.384; 5.812)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Killip (ref. I)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>II</td>
                  <td align="center">2.718</td>
                  <td align="center">(1.919; 3.827)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>III</td>
                  <td align="center">8.139</td>
                  <td align="center">(5.672; 11.637)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>IV</td>
                  <td align="center">19.833</td>
                  <td align="center">(14.851; 26.688)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dyslipidemia</td>
                  <td align="center">0.689</td>
                  <td align="center">(0.558; 0.850)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>TIMI Post (ref. 0)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1</td>
                  <td align="center">1.303</td>
                  <td align="center">(0.774; 2.162)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.313</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>2</td>
                  <td align="center">0.593</td>
                  <td align="center">(0.409; 0.857)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.005</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>3</td>
                  <td align="center">0.176</td>
                  <td align="center">(0.133; 0.235)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>LV function (ref. Normal)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Mild global dysfunction</td>
                  <td align="center">0.799</td>
                  <td align="center">(0.491; 1.322)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.373</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderate global dysfunction</td>
                  <td align="center">1.206</td>
                  <td align="center">(0.782; 1.914)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.410</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Marked global dysfunction</td>
                  <td align="center">3.625</td>
                  <td align="center">(2.393; 5.675)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarction after intervention</td>
                  <td align="center">5.006</td>
                  <td align="center">(2.568; 9.460)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Number of lesions treated</td>
                  <td align="center">0.859</td>
                  <td align="center">(0.785; 0.938)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2001">
                <p>
                  <italic>Hosmer-Lemeshow, p-value 0.683. LV: left ventricle. Source: The author, 2021.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The main mortality indicators in patients submitted to primary PCI found in the present study, in addition to age and female gender, were related to the impact of infarction on ventricular function, such as the Killip classification and the presence of marked LV global dysfunction analyzed by angiography. On the other hand, the presence of TIMI II/III flow after the intervention reflected the success of the treatment, which seeks precisely to maintain ventricular function and prevent other cardiovascular complications. The occurrence of reinfarction was rare, but it proved to be an independent indicator of mortality in these patients.</p>
        <p>Mortality rates in patients undergoing PCI vary from 2.3% to 11.9%, according to different sources.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> The present study&#8217;s database identified a 3.4% death rate. This finding may be related to underreporting and the lower risk of the sample. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> shows the comparison between variables correlated to the death outcome in our study with others published in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup></p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3001">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Comparison of variables related to death outcomes</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>CENIC (n=26,990)</th>
                  <th>DynTIMI (n=20,506)</th>
                  <th>PAMI (n=3,252)</th>
                  <th>CADILLAC (n=2,082)</th>
                  <th>GRACE (n=11,389)</th>
                  <th>Zwolle (n=1,791)</th>
                  <th>ALPHA (n=1,255)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Time</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Hospital</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>One year</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Six months</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>One year</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Six months</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>30 days</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>30 days</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Female</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Arterial Hypotension</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Heart Rate</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Killip classification</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hypertension</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Angina pectoris</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous AMI or BBB</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Weight</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ischemia time</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Flow (final TIMI from 0 to 2)</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>LVEF</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Marked LV Dysfunction</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Anemia</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Three vessel disease</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ST-segment deviation</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinine / ARF</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cardiac arrest</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Myocardial injury markers</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarction recurrence</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stroke</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Arrhythmia</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HF / Shock</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Major bleeding</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Femoral access</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">+</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3001">
                <p>
                  <italic>CENIC: National Cardiovascular Intervention Center; dynTIMI: dynamic Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction; PAMI: Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction; CADILLAC: Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications; GRACE: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; ALPHA: (Age, Life support, Pressure, Heart rate, Access site); SAH: systemic arterial hypertension; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; LBBB: left bundle branch block; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LV: left ventricle; SBP: systolic blood pressure; ARF: acute renal failure; HF: heart failure. Source: The author, 2021.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>The present study found that the only indicator of the CENIC study that differs from the other risk models presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> was the female sex. However, this finding has already been reported by other publications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Some authors report the more significant presence of atypical symptoms in females who delay their treatment, the so-called Yentl syndrome. Angioplasty can also be more challenging, leading to a lower success rate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> Total ischemia time, other bleeding complications outside the access site, and weight were missing from our database, which could partly explain this worse outcome in women.</p>
        <p>The Killip and Kimball classification was the variable that proved to be the best prognostic indicator, a fact corroborated by other studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> In the Grace registry, the chance of death increased nearly three-fold with each increase in the Killip classification, 3.30 (3.00-3.60), p &lt;0.001. The present study&#8217;s series showed 1,790 cases (6.6% of the total) with Killip class IV (cardiogenic shock), similar to the incidence described in the literature (5 to 10%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Ventricular failure is the leading cause of death in these patients, and the only effective treatment is early reperfusion. The use of ventricular assist devices, such as the intra-aortic balloon, has conflicting results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref></sup> Other devices have been tested and even used in clinical practice, but no conclusive studies have been published in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The purpose of the intervention is to obtain the final TIMI III flow. This result was strongly related to reducing the chances of death (OR 0.18; CI 0.13-0.23, p &lt;0.001). Other studies also corroborate this finding.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> Other indicators that reflect the microcirculation injury, such as the resolution of the elevation of the ST segment and the quantification of the myocardial blush, was able to improve our model.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref></sup></p>
        <p>According to published data in the literature, the reinfarction rate in patients treated with primary angioplasty is lower than in those receiving fibrinolysis as a reperfusion strategy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref></sup> In our sample, the rate was 0.5%. This finding is compatible with randomized studies, comparing PCI with fibrinolysis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Although reinfarction incidence was relatively low, the chance of death was about five-fold higher in patients who experienced this event.</p>
        <p>The present study identified an inverse correlation between the number of lesions treated and the chance of death. Previous studies suggest that the revascularization of vessels other than those directly related to AMI does not seem to significantly interfere with the chances of death and reinfarction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> We speculate that the most likely reason would be a selection bias, where lower-risk patients would have eventually been selected for additional interventional treatment. However, the hypothesis that selective intervention in high-risk obstructions may have improved the results is impossible to rule out.</p>
        <p>Another unexpected finding was the potential protective effect of dyslipidemia. In the TIMI study, the use of lipid-lowering drugs was also associated with a better evolution.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The explanation for this discovery, known as the &#8220;lipid paradox,&#8221; is not entirely known. It is assumed that patients who report dyslipidemia are more likely to take medications and care for their health. On the other hand, the finding of low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may lead to a lower prescription of statins.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Several trials, including a meta-analysis of randomized studies<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref></sup> and a risk model,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> have demonstrated the impact of radial access in reducing mortality. Our model did not corroborate these findings, which can possibly be explained by the study&#8217;s sample characteristics. Cases with a previous use of fibrinolytic medications were excluded, and a low rate of glycoprotein IIb / IIIa inhibitors was found. Moreover, our study&#8217;s operators likely selected the access site based on patients&#8217; clinical characteristics and operator procedural expertise, thus leading to better results.</p>
        <p>Among the risk models presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> , ours was the only one that showed an association with the female gender as a risk factor for mortality in patients treated for PCI. This finding reinforces the need for a faster, more accurate diagnosis and adoption of different treatment strategies in females. Another interesting result was the pseudo &#8220;protective&#8221; effect of dyslipidemia. As discussed, this finding strongly suggests that patients without dyslipidemia should receive statins in the same recommended doses, regardless of the cholesterol levels indicated in the guidelines.</p>
        <p>Measures to attenuate reperfusion injury can further decrease the mortality rate, since, as demonstrated, in addition to the TIMI III flow, ventricular function was an important marker of good prognosis. Finally, new antiplatelet agents, combined with new intervention materials and techniques, can reduce stent thrombosis and decrease mortality.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Study limitations</title>
          <p>The present study does have some limitations. It is an observational, non-randomized study, which assessed the association between death and clinical, angiographic variables, complications, and non-causality. Additionally, the variables were collected from a secondary source, resulting from spontaneous contributions; therefore, it was impossible to properly judge the data. Finally, the study lacked uniformity in definitions of some variables related to AMI. It was observed that the CENIC record was rich in angiographic variables and relatively poor in clinical variables, precisely because it was conceived by interventionists.</p>
          <p>A low rate of hospital mortality was also observed, which suggests underreporting, a situation commonly found in nonmandatory records and not linked to reimbursement, which may have generated inclusion bias.</p>
          <p>Another limitation was the presence of missing data. In <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> , the variables with n different from the sample are marked with an asterisk. Low data loss was observed in most variables. The variable of ventricular function by angiography presented a high level of <italic>missing</italic> . However, ventriculography has been less and less used in clinical practice, and the present study better reflects the &#8220;real world&#8221;. Another variable with significant loss was the diameter of the vessel, which may have occurred due to measurement difficulty related to the fact that the vessel was occluded in most cases.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>The predictors of mortality in patients undergoing primary PCI cataloged in the CENIC registry were: Killip classification, reinfarction, advanced age, severe systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, female gender, and postintervention TIMI 0 / I flow. This identification of the worst prognosis elements can be useful in stratifying and caring for coronary patients.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Pedro Paulo Neves de Castro, from Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app01">
          <title>* Supplemental Materials</title>
          <p>For additional information, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2022/11903/2021-0015_material-suplementar_ingl%C3%AAs.pdf">click here</ext-link> .</p>
        </app>
      </app-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
