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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">tH5RWNCPvLtnywnbMgPsJdM</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000900424</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220477</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220477</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Medida do PETCO2 no Limiar Anaer&#243;bico: Melhor Marcador Progn&#243;stico em Pacientes com Ressincronizador?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0327-3392</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Anderson Donelli da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1489-5349</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pimentel</surname>
            <given-names>Maur&#237;cio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Anderson Donelli da Silveira &#8226; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. CEP 90000-000, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil E-mail: <email>dededonelli@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>424</fpage>
      <lpage>425</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Ergoespirometria/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Volume Sist&#243;lico</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapia de Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>D&#233;bito Card&#237;aco Elevado</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O teste cardiopulmonar de exerc&#237;cio (TCPE) &#233; uma ferramenta consolidada na avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional e progn&#243;stica do paciente com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida (ICFER), tratando-se de uma pedra angular na avalia&#231;&#227;o para indica&#231;&#227;o de terapias avan&#231;adas na ICFER.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (TRC), al&#233;m de redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade, pode melhorar a aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria, levando a um aumento do consumo de oxig&#234;nio de pico (VO<sub>2</sub> pico) e uma redu&#231;&#227;o da inclina&#231;&#227;o da rela&#231;&#227;o do equivalente respirat&#243;rio de CO2 (VE/VCO2 slope).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Nos &#250;ltimos anos, com a evolu&#231;&#227;o dos tratamentos, a mortalidade geral e o risco de morte s&#250;bita dos pacientes com ICFER vem sendo reduzidas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Neste contexto, torna-se importante revisar o progn&#243;stico e os valores associados a um maior risco dentre as vari&#225;veis do TCPE nos pacientes submetidos &#224; TRC.</p>
    <p>A medida da press&#227;o de di&#243;xido de carbono no final de expira&#231;&#227;o (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>) durante o TCPE, tanto em repouso,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> quanto no primeiro limiar ventilat&#243;rio ou limiar anaer&#243;bio (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2LA</sub>)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> tem valor progn&#243;stico j&#225; consolidado na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> O aumento da ventila&#231;&#227;o de espa&#231;o morto, causada pelo preju&#237;zo da rela&#231;&#227;o ventila&#231;&#227;o/perfus&#227;o (V/Q) como, por exemplo, nos pacientes com disfun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, leva &#224; uma redu&#231;&#227;o do CO2 alveolar e consequentemente do P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>. &#201; esperado que haja um aumento na sua medida at&#233; o limiar anaer&#243;bico e este se correlaciona a um aumento do d&#233;bito card&#237;aco.</p>
    <p>Neste n&#250;mero dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Reis et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> apresentam interessante an&#225;lise do papel progn&#243;sticos do TCPE em uma coorte de 450 pacientes, sendo 114 submetidos &#224; TRC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Os pacientes foram seguidos por 2 anos e o desfecho avaliado foi mortalidade cardiovascular e necessidade de transplante urgente. Os estudos cl&#225;ssicos de avalia&#231;&#227;o para transplante card&#237;aco<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> envolvendo o TCPE n&#227;o contemplam pacientes com TRC, o que torna importante o questionamento sobre como seria o comportamento das vari&#225;veis progn&#243;sticas nesse contexto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> O conhecimento desse cen&#225;rio &#233; escasso, e algumas evid&#234;ncias sugerem um papel n&#227;o t&#227;o importante do VO<sub>2</sub> pico nesses pacientes na sele&#231;&#227;o para transplante card&#237;aco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No estudo de Reis et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> o VO<sub>2</sub> pico, o VE/VCO2 slope, o P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> e o P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2LA</sub> apresentaram capacidade de predizer desfechos nos pacientes com IC e TRC, nas an&#225;lises uni e multivari&#225;vel.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Todavia, na an&#225;lise da curva ROC, o P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2LA</sub> aparentemente apresentou acur&#225;cia superior para predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos. De maneira interessante, o ponto de corte &#243;timo foi de 33 mmHg, mais baixo do que os 36 mmHg de estudos pr&#233;vios que avaliaram essa vari&#225;vel.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> J&#225; os pontos de corte do VO<sub>2</sub> pico (12 ml/kg/min) e do VE/VCO2 slope (35), foram semelhantes a valores descritos previamente na literatura<sup>16</sup>, n&#227;o havendo diferen&#231;a nos pacientes com e sem TRC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> &#201; importante ressaltar que, nesse estudo observacional, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a na incid&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares maiores entre os pacientes com e sem TRC. Outro achado importante foi o excelente valor preditivo negativo (VPN) de medidas de PETCO2, VO2pico e VE/VCO2 slope nos seus pontos de corte, mais evidente ainda nos pacientes do grupo TRC.</p>
    <p>Uma poss&#237;vel limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo, j&#225; mencionada pelos autores, &#233; a presen&#231;a de testes subm&#225;ximos em uma quantidade razo&#225;vel de pacientes, o que reduz o poder discriminat&#243;rio do VO<sub>2</sub> pico para a predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos. Entretanto, as evid&#234;ncias fornecidas, al&#233;m de consolidar o papel progn&#243;stico do TCPE nesses pacientes, chamam aten&#231;&#227;o para a import&#226;ncia da medida do P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2LA</sub> rotineiramente nesses casos. O uso dessa vari&#225;vel apresenta excelente poder progn&#243;stico e pode adicionar informa&#231;&#245;es &#224;s medidas tradicionais do TCPE. A sua medida apresenta excelente rela&#231;&#227;o com o aumento do d&#233;bito card&#237;aco ao esfor&#231;o, e uma resposta alterada (aus&#234;ncia de aumento at&#233; o LA) caracteriza maior preju&#237;zo no aumento do d&#233;bito no exerc&#237;cio.</p>
    <p>Estudos com maior tamanho amostral, preferencialmente multic&#234;ntricos, avaliando o poder progn&#243;stico do P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2LA</sub> nos pacientes com IC e comparando-o &#224;s outras medidas progn&#243;sticas s&#227;o bem-vindos. A replica&#231;&#227;o de resultados em popula&#231;&#245;es distintas fortalece a evid&#234;ncia encontrada e amplia a validade externa dos achados encontrados.</p>
  </body>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Capacidade Preditiva dos Par&#226;metros do Teste de Esfor&#231;o Cardiopulmonar em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca em Terapia de Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Measurement of PETCO2 at Anaerobic Threshold: A Best Prognostic Marker in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0327-3392</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Anderson Donelli da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1489-5349</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pimentel</surname>
            <given-names>Maur&#237;cio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Anderson Donelli da Silveira &#8226; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Postal Code 90000-000, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil E-mail: dededonelli@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Ergoespyrometry/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke Volume</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Output, High</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a consolidated tool in the functional and prognostic assessment of patients with heart failure<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> with reduced ejection fraction (HFrRF), being a cornerstone in the evaluation for the indication of advanced therapies in HFrEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), in addition to reducing mortality, can improve cardiorespiratory fitness, leading to an increase in peak oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>peak) and a reduction in the slope of the respiratory equivalent CO2 ratio (VE /VCO2 slope).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In recent years, with the evolution of treatments, general mortality and the risk of the sudden death of patients with HFpEF have been reduced.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> In this context, reviewing the prognosis and the values associated with a higher risk among the CPET variables in patients undergoing CRT becomes important.</p>
      <p>The measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2) during CPET, both at rest,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> and at the first ventilatory threshold or anaerobic threshold (P<sub>ET</sub>CO2<sub>LA</sub>),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> has a well-established prognostic value in heart failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The increase of dead space ventilation, caused by the impairment of the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio, for example, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, leads to a reduction in alveolar CO2 and, consequently, in P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>. It is expected that there will be an increase in its measurement up to the anaerobic threshold, which is correlated with an increase in cardiac output.</p>
      <p>In this issue of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> , Reis et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> present an interesting analysis of the prognostic role of CPET in a cohort of 450 patients, 114 of whom underwent CRT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The patients were followed up for 2 years, and the evaluated outcome was cardiovascular mortality and the need for urgent transplantation. The classic evaluation studies for heart transplantation<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> involving CPET do not include patients with CRT, which makes it important to question how the behavior of prognostic variables would be in this context.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Knowledge of this scenario is scarce, and some evidence suggests a less important role of peak VO<sub>2</sub>in these patients in the selection for heart transplantation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the study by Reis et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> VO<sub>2</sub>peak, VE/VCO2 slope,<sub>PET</sub>CO2 and P<sub>ET</sub>CO2<sub>LA</sub>were able to predict outcomes in patients with HF and CRT in uni- and multivariable analyses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> However, in the ROC curve analysis, P<sub>ET</sub>CO2<sub>LA</sub>apparently showed superior accuracy for predicting events. Interestingly, the optimal cut-off point was 33 mmHg, lower than the 36 mmHg in previous studies that evaluated this variable.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> On the other hand, the cut-off points for peak VO<sub>2</sub>(12 ml/kg/min) and VE/VCO2 slope (35) were similar to values previously described in the literature16, with no difference in patients with and without CRT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> It is important to emphasize that, in this observational study, there was no difference in the incidence of major cardiovascular events between patients with and without CRT.</p>
      <p>A possible limitation of the study, already mentioned by the authors, is the presence of submaximal tests in a reasonable number of patients, which reduces the discriminatory power of peak VO<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> for predicting events. However, the evidence provided, in addition to consolidating the prognostic role of CPET in these patients, calls attention to the importance of routinely measuring P<sub>ET</sub>CO2<sub>LA</sub>in these cases. This variable has excellent prognostic power and can add information to traditional CPET measurements. Its measurement has an excellent relationship with the increase in cardiac output on exertion, and an altered response (absence of increase up to the AT) characterizes a greater loss in the increase in output during exercise.</p>
      <p>Studies with larger sample sizes, preferably multicenter, evaluating the prognostic power of P<sub>ET</sub>CO2<sub>LA</sub>in patients with HF and comparing it to other prognostic measures are welcome. The replication of results in different populations strengthens the evidence found and expands the external validity of the findings.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Predictive Ability of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Parameters in Heart Failure Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
