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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">k6HMFHTqkB7MWmVKpJgKfdt</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="previous-pid" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022005001102</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000900413</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210620</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210620</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Capacidade Preditiva dos Par&#226;metros do Teste de Esfor&#231;o Cardiopulmonar em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca em Terapia de Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0047-8306</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Reis</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#243;nio Valentim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Br&#225;s</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Garcia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Rita Ilh&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tim&#243;teo</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Rui M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Rui Cruz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital de Santa Marta</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar Central de Lisboa</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Central de Lisboa, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Jo&#227;o Ferreira Reis &#8226; Departamento de Cardiologia do Hospital de Santa Marta &#8211; Rua de Santa Marta, 1169-024, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>jpr_911@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Reis JF, Gon&#231;alves AV, Moreira RI, Rio P, Soares RM; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Reis JF, Gon&#231;alves AV, Br&#225;s PG; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Reis JF, Br&#225;s PG, Soares RM; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Reis JF, Br&#225;s PG; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Reis JF; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Reis JF, Gon&#231;alves AV, Moreira RI, Rio P, Tim&#243;teo AT, Soares RM, Ferreira RC.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>413</fpage>
      <lpage>423</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> H&#225; evid&#234;ncias sugerindo que um corte do pico de consumo de oxig&#234;nio (pVO<sub>2</sub>) de 10ml/kg/min fornece uma estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco mais precisa em pacientes com Terapia de Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca (TRC).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo</title>
          <p> Comparar o poder progn&#243;stico de v&#225;rios par&#226;metros do teste cardiopulmonar de exerc&#237;cio (TCPE) nesta popula&#231;&#227;o e avaliar a capacidade discriminativa dos valores de corte de pVO<sub>2</sub> recomendados pelas diretrizes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Avalia&#231;&#227;o prospectiva de uma s&#233;rie consecutiva de pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &#8804;40%. O desfecho prim&#225;rio foi um composto de morte card&#237;aca e transplante card&#237;aco urgente (TC) nos primeiros 24 meses de acompanhamento, e foi analisado por v&#225;rios par&#226;metros do TCPE para a maior &#225;rea sob a curva (AUC) no grupo TRC. Uma an&#225;lise de sobrevida foi realizada para avaliar a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco fornecida por v&#225;rios pontos de corte diferentes. Valores de p &lt; 0,05 foram considerados significativos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Um total de 450 pacientes com IC, dos quais 114 possu&#237;am aparelho de TRC. Esses pacientes apresentaram um perfil de risco basal mais alto, mas n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o ao desfecho prim&#225;rio (13,2% vs 11,6%, p = 0,660). A press&#227;o expirat&#243;ria de di&#243;xido de carbono no limiar anaer&#243;bico (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>) teve o maior valor de AUC, que foi significativamente maior do que o de pVO<sub>2</sub> no grupo TRC (0,951 vs 0,778, p = 0,046). O valor de corte de pVO2 atualmente recomendado forneceu uma estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco precisa nesse cen&#225;rio (p &lt;0,001), e o valor de corte sugerido de 10 ml/min/kg n&#227;o melhorou a discrimina&#231;&#227;o de risco em pacientes com dispositivos (p = 0,772).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> A P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> pode superar o poder progn&#243;stico do pVO<sub>2</sub> para eventos adversos em pacientes com TRC. O ponto de corte de pVO<sub>2</sub> recomendado pelas diretrizes atuais pode estratificar precisamente o risco dessa popula&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapia de Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Teste de Esfor&#231;o/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Consumo de Oxig&#234;nio</kwd>
        <kwd>Transplante do Cora&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="6"/>
        <table-count count="12"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="25"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>O teste cardiopulmonar de exerc&#237;cio (TCPE) &#233; um poderoso preditor de mortalidade em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida (ICFER) e &#233; utilizado para orientar o encaminhamento de pacientes para terapias avan&#231;adas, como transplante card&#237;aco (TC) e suporte circulat&#243;rio mec&#226;nico (MCS).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O pico de consumo de oxig&#234;nio (pVO<sub>2</sub>) e o slope VE/VCO2 s&#227;o as vari&#225;veis derivadas do TCPE mais comumente usadas como ferramentas de avalia&#231;&#227;o de risco, no entanto, v&#225;rias outras vari&#225;veis do TCPE demonstraram predizer eventos de IC e, algumas delas, podem melhorar a estratifica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da pacientes com IC quando usadas em conjunto com as vari&#225;veis acima mencionadas (ou seja, ventila&#231;&#227;o oscilat&#243;ria de exerc&#237;cio, varia&#231;&#227;o de di&#243;xido de carbono expirado durante o teste de esfor&#231;o, recupera&#231;&#227;o da FC, press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e resposta do ECG ao exerc&#237;cio).</p>
      <p>A terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (TRC) surgiu como uma importante op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica no manejo de pacientes com ICFER e, em pacientes selecionados, demonstrou melhorar a carga sintom&#225;tica e a qualidade de vida, al&#233;m de ter um benef&#237;cio progn&#243;stico em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; morbidade e mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Um n&#250;mero crescente de pacientes encaminhados a TC j&#225; possui um aparelho de TRC, com ou sem desfibrilador (TRC-D e TRC-P, respectivamente). A sobrevida em pacientes com ICFER melhorou significativamente nos &#250;ltimos anos e alguns autores sugerem a necessidade de reavalia&#231;&#227;o dos crit&#233;rios de listagem para TC e limiares progn&#243;sticos de pico de consumo de oxig&#234;nio (pVO<sub>2</sub>) e slope VE/VCO<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> .<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Os crit&#233;rios de listagem para transplante card&#237;aco da <italic>International Society for Heart Lung Transplantation</italic> (ISHLT) de 2016 definiram o pVO<sub>2</sub> como crit&#233;rio principal para listar pacientes para TC e que a presen&#231;a do dispositivo TRC n&#227;o altera o valor de corte recomendado de pVO<sub>2.</sub><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Essa recomenda&#231;&#227;o foi baseada em uma suban&#225;lise do estudo COMPANION que mostrou que a TRC n&#227;o alterou a previsibilidade do pVO<sub>2</sub> em eventos adversos de ICFER.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Por outro lado, Goda et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> mostraram que um valor de corte de 10 ml/kg/min em vez do valor de corte tradicional de 14 ml/kg/min pode ser mais &#250;til para estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco em pacientes com TRC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> V&#225;rias outras vari&#225;veis do TCPE demonstraram ser preditores robustos de pior desfecho cl&#237;nico em popula&#231;&#245;es com ICFER, como o slope VE/VCO2, o slope da efici&#234;ncia de capta&#231;&#227;o de O2 (OUES) e o ponto &#243;timo cardiorrespirat&#243;rio (COP).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O presente estudo busca avaliar a capacidade preditiva dos valores de corte recomendados pelas diretrizes em pacientes com TRC, comparar o poder progn&#243;stico de v&#225;rios par&#226;metros de exerc&#237;cio com o do pVO<sub>2</sub> nesta popula&#231;&#227;o e comparar seu desempenho entre pacientes com e sem dispositivo de TRC .</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Considera&#231;&#245;es &#233;ticas</title>
        <p>Essa pesquisa est&#225; em conformidade com os princ&#237;pios descritos na Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque. O comit&#234; de &#233;tica local aprovou o protocolo do estudo. Todos os pacientes forneceram consentimento informado.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Amostra de estudo</title>
        <p>An&#225;lise de um &#250;nico centro de uma s&#233;rie consecutiva de 450 pacientes com IC encaminhados &#224; nossa institui&#231;&#227;o de 2009 a 2018 com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (FEVE) &#8804;40% e classe II ou III da <italic>New York Heart Association</italic> (NYHA), que foram submetidos a TCPE. Todos os pacientes foram encaminhados para avalia&#231;&#227;o pela equipe de HF com poss&#237;vel indica&#231;&#227;o para TC ou MCS.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Protocolo de estudo</title>
        <p>O acompanhamento dos pacientes incluiu avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial no per&#237;odo de um m&#234;s em cada paciente com: dados cl&#237;nicos incluindo etiologia da IC (isqu&#234;mica vs n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica), dispositivos card&#237;acos implantados (CIED), medica&#231;&#227;o, comorbidades, classe NYHA; dados laboratoriais; dados eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos; dados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos; dados TCPE; Escore de Sobrevida &#224; Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca (HFSS).</p>
        <p>Os pacientes foram exclu&#237;dos por algum dos seguintes crit&#233;rios: idade &lt;18 anos; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea planejada ou cirurgia card&#237;aca; comorbidades limitantes ao exerc&#237;cio (doen&#231;a cerebrovascular, comprometimento musculoesquel&#233;tico ou doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica grave); TC anterior.</p>
        <p>Os pacientes submetidos ao implante de TRC realizaram TCPE e ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico pelo menos 6 meses ap&#243;s o procedimento.</p>
        <p>Pacientes com TC eletivo durante o per&#237;odo de seguimento (pacientes que tiveram indica&#231;&#227;o de TC e cora&#231;&#227;o foi disponibilizado nos primeiros dois anos de seguimento) foram censurados da an&#225;lise no momento do TC.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Teste de esfor&#231;o cardiopulmonar</title>
        <p>Um TCPE em esteira com sintomas m&#225;ximos limitados, definido pelo pico da taxa de troca respirat&#243;ria (RER) &gt; 1,05, foi realizada usando o protocolo de Bruce modificado (esteira GE Marquette Series 2000). A an&#225;lise dos gases foi precedida pela calibra&#231;&#227;o do equipamento. Ventila&#231;&#227;o por minuto, consumo de oxig&#234;nio e produ&#231;&#227;o de di&#243;xido de carbono foram adquiridos respira&#231;&#227;o a respira&#231;&#227;o, usando um analisador de gases SensorMedics Vmax 229.</p>
        <p>O pVO<sub>2</sub> foi definido como a maior m&#233;dia de 30 segundos alcan&#231;ada durante o exerc&#237;cio e foi normalizado para a massa corporal. O limiar anaer&#243;bio foi determinado pela combina&#231;&#227;o dos m&#233;todos padr&#227;o (preferencialmente V-slope e equivalentes ventilat&#243;rios). O slope VE/VCO2 foi calculado por regress&#227;o linear de m&#237;nimos quadrados, utilizando dados adquiridos ao longo de todo o exerc&#237;cio. O COP foi medido como o valor m&#237;nimo do equivalente ventilat&#243;rio para oxig&#234;nio (VE/VO2 m&#237;nimo). A press&#227;o parcial de di&#243;xido de carbono expirado (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>) foi relatada antes do exerc&#237;cio (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AR</sub>), no limiar anaer&#243;bio (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>) e no pico do exerc&#237;cio em unidades de mmHg, e tamb&#233;m foi calculad o aumento durante o exerc&#237;cio at&#233; o limiar anaer&#243;bio ser atingido (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>). O pico de pulso de oxig&#234;nio (PP) foi calculado dividindo-se o pVO<sub>2</sub> derivado pela frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (FC) m&#225;xima durante o exerc&#237;cio e foi expresso em mililitros por batimento. A pot&#234;ncia circulat&#243;ria foi calculada como o produto da pVO<sub>2</sub> e o pico da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e a pot&#234;ncia ventilat&#243;ria foi calculada pela divis&#227;o do pico da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (PA) pelo slope VE/VCO2. V&#225;rios par&#226;metros compostos do TCPE tamb&#233;m foram calculados automaticamente.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Acompanhamento e desfecho</title>
        <p>Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados por 24 meses a partir da data de realiza&#231;&#227;o dos exames complementares supracitados.</p>
        <p>O desfecho prim&#225;rio foi um composto de morte card&#237;aca e TC urgente ocorrendo durante uma hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o planejada com depend&#234;ncia de inotr&#243;picos para piora da IC. Os dados foram obtidos a partir das consultas ambulatoriais (ou seja, visitas n&#227;o planejadas para IC &#8211; deteriora&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica com necessidade de diur&#233;ticos iv &#8211; ou visitas planejadas para titula&#231;&#227;o de medicamentos para IC, terapia diur&#233;tica ou avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica de rotina pela equipe de IC) e foram complementados com um question&#225;rio padronizado de entrevista por telefone a todos os pacientes aos 24 meses de seguimento.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Todas as an&#225;lises comparam pacientes com e sem dispositivo TRC (TRC e sem TRC, respectivamente). Os dados foram analisados por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Science for Windows, vers&#227;o 24.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago IL).</p>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas basais foram resumidas em frequ&#234;ncias (porcentagens) para vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas, como m&#233;dias e desvios-padr&#227;o para vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas quando a normalidade foi verificada e como mediana e intervalo interquartil quando a normalidade n&#227;o foi verificada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. O teste t de Student para amostras independentes ou o teste de Mann-Whitney (quando a normalidade n&#227;o foi confirmada) foram utilizados para todas as compara&#231;&#245;es. O teste Qui-Quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher foram usados para comparar as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas.</p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise multivariada para a predi&#231;&#227;o do desfecho prim&#225;rio durante dois anos de seguimento foi realizada por meio da regress&#227;o de Cox, incluindo todas as vari&#225;veis estatisticamente significativas na an&#225;lise univariada, na coorte total e em cada grupo.</p>
        <p>O poder preditivo de v&#225;rios par&#226;metros do TCPE em rela&#231;&#227;o ao desfecho prim&#225;rio em cada grupo foi analisado com a curva Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) e &#225;rea sob a curva (AUC). Os valores de corte para as vari&#225;veis foram determinados a partir das curvas ROC para que a soma da sensibilidade e especificidade fosse maximizada. O teste de Hanley e McNeil foi utilizado para comparar duas curvas ROC correlacionadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>A sobrevida livre de eventos foi determinada usando o m&#233;todo de Kaplan-Meier e comparada com a an&#225;lise de log-rank para avaliar a capacidade discriminativa de risco fornecida pelos valores de corte de pVO<sub>2</sub> recomendados pelas diretrizes (pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8804; 12 ml/kg/min ou &#8804; 14 ml/kg/min sem betabloqueador - BB) e slope VE/VCO<sub>2</sub><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> e o valor de corte sugerido de 10ml/kg/min.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Diferen&#231;as estat&#237;sticas com valor de p &lt; 0,05 foram consideradas significativas.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Vis&#227;o geral dos grupos TRC e sem TRC</title>
        <p>Um total de 450 pacientes foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo, dos quais 25,3% (n = 114) tinham um dispositivo TRC, principalmente um TRC-D (98,2%). A popula&#231;&#227;o geral apresentou m&#233;dia de idade de 56,2 anos, sendo 78,7% do sexo masculino e FEVE m&#233;dia de 28,6%. Todos os pacientes com TRC com fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial foram submetidos &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o do n&#243; AV durante o procedimento de implanta&#231;&#227;o e a porcentagem de estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular foi de 96%. O TCPE foi realizado em m&#233;dia 8 meses ap&#243;s o implante do TRC. As caracter&#237;sticas basais de ambos os grupos s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Caracter&#237;sticas de linha de base dos grupos TRC e sem TRC</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="3" scope="col" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th scope="col">Geral n 450</th>
                  <th scope="col">TRC n 114</th>
                  <th scope="col">Sem TRC n 336</th>
                  <th scope="col">valor p</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="3" scope="col" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th colspan="4" rowspan="1" scope="col">DADOS CL&#205;NICOS &#8211; CARACTER&#205;STICAS</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Idade</td>
                  <td align="center">56,2 &#177; 12,5</td>
                  <td align="center">62,3 &#177; 11,5</td>
                  <td align="center">54,2 &#177; 12,2</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="3">Masculino (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">354 (78,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">85 (74,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">269 (80,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,216</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="3">IMC(kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                  <td align="center">27,2 &#177; 4,3</td>
                  <td align="center">27,2 &#177; 4,1</td>
                  <td align="center">27,1 &#177; 4,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,829</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="3">Etiologia isqu&#234;mica (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">211 (46,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (36,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">169 (50,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,011</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="3">IECA/BRA/INRA (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">423 (94,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">104 (96,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">319 (96,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="3">BB (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">388 (86,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">93 (85,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">295 (88,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,325</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="3">MRA (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">340 (75,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">93 (84,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">247 (74,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,026</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">Diabetes (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">98 (21,8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (22,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">75 (23,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,817</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>DRC (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">140 (31,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">48 (46,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">92 (32,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,008</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>FA (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">112 (24,9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">43 (38,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">69 (20,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>&lt; 0,001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>CDI (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">271 (60,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">112 (98,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">159 (47,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>&lt; 0,001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>Classe funcional NYHA</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">2,2 &#177; 0,6</td>
                  <td align="center">2,5 &#177; 0,5</td>
                  <td align="center">2,1 &#177; 0,6</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>HFSS*</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">8,5 &#177; 1,0</td>
                  <td align="center">8,14 &#177; 0,86</td>
                  <td align="center">8,65 &#177; 1,04</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>&lt; 0,001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3" rowspan="1"> </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="4">
                    <bold>DADOS LABORATORIAIS</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>Creatinina (mg/dL)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">1,4 &#177; 0,7</td>
                  <td align="center">1,6 &#177; 0,4</td>
                  <td align="center">1,0 &#177; 0,3</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,041</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">S&#243;dio (mEq/L)</td>
                  <td align="center">137,9 &#177; 3,1</td>
                  <td align="center">137,5 &#177; 3,4</td>
                  <td align="center">138,5 &#177; 2,9</td>
                  <td align="center">0,138</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>NT-proBNP (pg/ml)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">2224,2 &#177; 2764,0</td>
                  <td align="center">2769,7 &#177; 2575,4</td>
                  <td align="center">2034,3 &#177; 2808,1</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,045</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3" rowspan="1"> </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="4">
                    <bold>DADOS ECOCARDIOGR&#193;FICOS</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>DDFVE (mm/m</bold>
                    <sup>
                      <bold>2</bold>
                    </sup>
                    <bold>)*</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">35,5 &#177; 5,9</td>
                  <td align="center">37,9 &#177; 5,5</td>
                  <td align="center">34,7 &#177; 5,9</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,032</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>FEVE (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">28,6 &#177; 6,9</td>
                  <td align="center">26,2 &#177; 7,2</td>
                  <td align="center">29,6 &#177; 6,6</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>&lt; 0,001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">MR III-IV (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">65 (14,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (14,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (14,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,935</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3" rowspan="1"> </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="4">
                    <bold>DADOS TCPE</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>Dura&#231;&#227;o TCPE (min)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">9,6 &#177; 4,4</td>
                  <td align="center">7,4 &#177; 4,1</td>
                  <td align="center">10,3 &#177; 4,3</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>&lt; 0,001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">Pico RER</td>
                  <td align="center">1,07 &#177; 0,11</td>
                  <td align="center">1,05 &#177; 0,11</td>
                  <td align="center">1,08 &#177; 0,10</td>
                  <td align="center">0,139</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>pVO</bold>
                    <sub>
                      <bold>2</bold>
                    </sub>
                    <bold>(ml/kg/min)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">17,9 &#177; 6,1</td>
                  <td align="center">15,2 &#177; 5,1</td>
                  <td align="center">18,8 &#177; 6,1</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>&lt; 0,001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>Slope VE/VCO</bold>
                    <sub>
                      <bold>2</bold>
                    </sub>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">33,8 &#177; 9,5</td>
                  <td align="center">35,8 &#177; 10,9</td>
                  <td align="center">33,2 &#177; 8,9</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,026</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">OUES</td>
                  <td align="center">2,1 &#177; 1,8</td>
                  <td align="center">2,2 &#177; 2,2</td>
                  <td align="center">2,0 &#177; 1,6</td>
                  <td align="center">0,645</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>pVO</bold>
                    <sub>
                      <bold>2</bold>
                    </sub>
                    <bold>(ml/kg/min) em AT</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">13,1 &#177; 4,5</td>
                  <td align="center">10,3 &#177; 3,4</td>
                  <td align="center">13,8 &#177; 4,5</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>Pulso de O</bold>
                    <sub>
                      <bold>2</bold>
                    </sub>
                    <bold>(mL/kg/batimento)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">0,14 &#177; 0,06</td>
                  <td align="center">0,12 &#177; 0,04</td>
                  <td align="center">0,14 &#177; 0,07</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,028</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>Pot&#234;ncia Circulat&#243;ria (mmHg.ml.kg-1 min-1)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">2786,9 &#177; 1578,8</td>
                  <td align="center">2262,3 &#177; 965,4</td>
                  <td align="center">2963 &#177; 1702,4</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>&lt; 0,001</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>Pot&#234;ncia ventilat&#243;ria (mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">4,8 &#177; 1,7</td>
                  <td align="center">4,4 &#177; 1,7</td>
                  <td align="center">4,9 &#177; 1,7</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,020</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">Ponto &#243;timo cardiorrespirat&#243;rio</td>
                  <td align="center">29,6 &#177; 7,4</td>
                  <td align="center">30,7 &#177; 7,5</td>
                  <td align="center">29,3 &#177; 7,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,274</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> em repouso (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">33,4 &#177; 4,7</td>
                  <td align="center">32,9 &#177; 4,8</td>
                  <td align="center">33,6 &#177; 4,7</td>
                  <td align="center">0,241</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>P</bold>
                    <sub>
                      <bold>ET</bold>
                    </sub>
                    <bold>CO</bold>
                    <sub>
                      <bold>2AT</bold>
                    </sub>
                    <bold>(mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">36,7 &#177; 5,9</td>
                  <td align="center">35,3 &#177; 5,9</td>
                  <td align="center">37,1 &#177; 5,9</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,010</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>P</bold>
                    <sub>
                      <bold>ET</bold>
                    </sub>
                    <bold>CO</bold>
                    <sub>
                      <bold>2DIF</bold>
                    </sub>
                    <bold>(mmHg)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">3,3 &#177; 3,7</td>
                  <td align="center">2,3 &#177; 3,2</td>
                  <td align="center">3,6 &#177; 3,8</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,004</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1">
                <p>
                  <italic>Os valores s&#227;o m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o ou mediana (intervalo interquartil); os valores p s&#227;o calculados pelo teste T de Student para amostras independentes ou teste U de Mann-Whitney conforme apropriado; o teste do qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher foram usados para comparar as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas. *Vari&#225;veis com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal. AT: limiar anaer&#243;bio; IECA: inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina; BRA: bloqueadores do receptor de angiotensina; INRA: inibidores do receptor de angiotensina-neprilisina; FA: Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial; BB: Betabloqueadores; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal; TCPE: teste cardiopulmonar de exerc&#237;cio; DRC: doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica; HFSS: Escore de Sobrevida &#224; Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca; CDI: cardioversor desfibrilador implant&#225;vel; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; DDFVE: di&#226;metro diast&#243;lico final do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; MRA: antagonistas do receptor mineralocortic&#243;ide; MR: Insufici&#234;ncia mitral; NYHA: New York Heart Association; OUES: slope da efici&#234;ncia do consumo de oxig&#234;nio; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>: press&#227;o parcial de di&#243;xido de carbono expirado; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> em AT; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>: aumento do P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> at&#233; atingir o AT; pVO<sub>2</sub>: pico de consumo de oxig&#234;nio; RER: rela&#231;&#227;o de troca respirat&#243;ria ; TRC: terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfecho prim&#225;rio</title>
        <p>O desfecho prim&#225;rio ocorreu em 54 (12,0%) pacientes conforme representado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> , sendo 37 pacientes com &#243;bito card&#237;aco e 16 pacientes com TC de urg&#234;ncia. Uma propor&#231;&#227;o semelhante de pacientes atingiu o desfecho prim&#225;rio em ambos os grupos, que tamb&#233;m se aplicava aos seus componentes individuais. A an&#225;lise de sobrevida revelou sobrevida livre de eventos semelhante entre os grupos durante o per&#237;odo de acompanhamento ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Eventos adversos em 24 meses de acompanhamento</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Eventos adversos em 24 meses de acompanhamento</th>
                  <th>No geral n (%)</th>
                  <th>Grupo TRC n (%)</th>
                  <th>Sem n (%)</th>
                  <th>valor p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Desfecho prim&#225;rio combinado</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">54 (12,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (13,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">39 (11,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,660</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Mortalidade total</td>
                  <td align="center">38 (8,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (9,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (8,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,592</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Mortalidade card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">37 (8,2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (9,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (7,7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,521</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (3,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (3,3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,977</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Morte por piora da IC</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (5,1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (7,0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (4,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,285</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>TC urgente</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (3,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (3,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (3,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,991</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2">
                <p>
                  <italic>TRC: terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca; IC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; TC: transplante card&#237;aco.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Curvas de sobrevida pela terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>TRC: terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</attrib>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0413-10620-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Rela&#231;&#227;o entre os par&#226;metros progn&#243;sticos do TCPE e o resultado prim&#225;rio</title>
        <p>Tanto em pacientes com TRC quanto na coorte total, pVO<sub>2</sub>, slope VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> e P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> foram preditores independentes do desfecho prim&#225;rio &#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>TCPE Preditores de eventos adversos em 24 meses de acompanhamento</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" scope="col">Coorte Total</th>
                  <th scope="col">Univariado, OR (95% IC)</th>
                  <th scope="col">valor p</th>
                  <th colspan="2" scope="col">An&#225;lise multivariada, OR (95% IC)</th>
                  <th scope="col">valor p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">pVO<sub>2</sub> (ml/kg/min)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,851 (0,799-0,906)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,867 (0,812-0,921)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,004</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Slope VE/VCO<sub>2</sub></td>
                  <td align="center">1,092 (1,061-1,124)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,005</td>
                  <td align="center">1,104 (1,020-1,196)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,015</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Ponto &#243;timo cardiorrespirat&#243;rio</td>
                  <td align="center">1,128 (1,050-1,212)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,010</td>
                  <td align="center"> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,250</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">OUES</td>
                  <td align="center">0,357 (0,179-0,713)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center"> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,284</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Pot&#234;ncia Circulat&#243;ria (mmHg.ml.kg-1 min-1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,996 (0,994-0,999)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,040</td>
                  <td align="center"> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,540</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Pot&#234;ncia ventilat&#243;ria (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,471(0,367-0,605)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,017</td>
                  <td align="center"> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,287</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Pico de pulso O<sub>2</sub> (mL/kg/batimento)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,769 (0,573-1,031)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,079</td>
                  <td align="center"> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,357</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> em repouso (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,871 (0,814-0,931)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,012</td>
                  <td align="center"> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,135</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,814 (0,763-0,868)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,713 (0,577-0,880)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,002</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub> (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,734 (0,660-0,815)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center"> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,110</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Grupo TRC</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Univariado, OR (95% IC)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">
                    <bold>valor p</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>An&#225;lise multivariada, OR (95% IC)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>valor p</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>pVO<sub>2</sub> (ml/kg/min)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,794 (0,688-0,916)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,002</td>
                  <td align="center">0,821 (0,647-0,905)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,005</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Slope VE/VCO<sub>2</sub></td>
                  <td align="center">1,162 (1,077-1,253)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1,109 (1,053-1,165)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,008</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ponto &#243;timo cardiorrespirat&#243;rio</td>
                  <td align="center">1,101 (0,982-1,235)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,090</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,319</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>OUES</td>
                  <td align="center">0,974 (0,702-1,353)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,470</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,657</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pot&#234;ncia Circulat&#243;ria (mmHg.ml.kg-1 min-1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,997 (0,998-0,999)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,047</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,470</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pot&#234;ncia ventilat&#243;ria (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,313 (0,157-0,624)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,001</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,314</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pico de pulso O<sub>2</sub> (mL/kg/batimento)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,751 (0,371-1,063)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,097</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,490</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> em repouso (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,779 (0,668-0,910)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,002</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,197</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,564 (0,413-0,771)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,527 (0,309-0,898)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub> (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,595 (0,451-0,786)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,097</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Grupo Sem TRC</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td colspan="2"> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>pVO<sub>2</sub> (ml/kg/min)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,860 (0,801-0,924)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,819 (0,668-0,930)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,007</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Slope VE/VCO<sub>2</sub></td>
                  <td align="center">1,075 (1,040-1,110)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">1,109 (1,015-1,210)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,012</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ponto &#243;timo cardiorrespirat&#243;rio</td>
                  <td align="center">1,143 (1,040-1,257)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,005</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,154</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>OUES</td>
                  <td align="center">0,088 (0,030-0,253)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,454</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pot&#234;ncia Circulat&#243;ria (mmHg.ml.kg-1 min-1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,095 (0,091-0,097)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,039</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,564</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pot&#234;ncia ventilat&#243;ria (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,513 (0,391-0,674)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,309</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pico de pulso O<sub>2</sub> (mL/kg/batimento)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,783 (0,453-1,021)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,070</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,410</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> em repouso (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,900 (0,834-0,972)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,007</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,229</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,849 (0,794-0,907)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,001</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0,080</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub> (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,765 (0,682-0,858)</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
                  <td align="center">0,689 (0,532-0,893)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,005</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3">
                <p>
                  <italic>IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; TCPE: teste cardiopulmonar de exerc&#237;cio; OR: Odds-ratio; NS: n&#227;o significativo (&gt; 0,05); OUES: slope da efici&#234;ncia do consumo de oxig&#234;nio; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>: press&#227;o parcial de di&#243;xido de carbono expirado; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> no limiar anaer&#243;bico; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> aumenta at&#233; atingir o limiar anaer&#243;bio; pVO<sub>2</sub>: pico de consumo de oxig&#234;nio; TRC: terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>No grupo TRC, P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> apresentou o maior valor de AUC seguido de P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub> e slope VE/VCO2 &#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 4</xref> . O COP apresentou o menor poder preditivo neste grupo. O teste de Hanley &amp; McNeil revelou que o P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> foi a &#250;nica vari&#225;vel que apresentou poder preditivo significativamente maior que o do pVO<sub>2</sub> &#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 5</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Tabela 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>An&#225;lise de AUC para o desfecho prim&#225;rio</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Grupo TRC</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Grupo Sem TRC</th>
                  <th rowspan="2">Hanley e McNeil para compara&#231;&#227;o da curva ROC entre os grupos (valor p)</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>AUC</th>
                  <th>95% IC</th>
                  <th>AUC</th>
                  <th>95% IC</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>pVO<sub>2</sub> (ml/kg/min)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,778</td>
                  <td align="center">0,683-0,873</td>
                  <td align="center">0,723</td>
                  <td align="center">0,643-0,804</td>
                  <td align="center">0,531</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Slope VE/VCO<sub>2</sub></td>
                  <td align="center">0,868</td>
                  <td align="center">0,782-0,954</td>
                  <td align="center">0,757</td>
                  <td align="center">0,693-0,822</td>
                  <td align="center">0,159</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ponto &#243;timo cardiorrespirat&#243;rio</td>
                  <td align="center">0,668</td>
                  <td align="center">0,355-0,980</td>
                  <td align="center">0,739</td>
                  <td align="center">0,487-0,991</td>
                  <td align="center">0,699</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>OUES</td>
                  <td align="center">0,775</td>
                  <td align="center">0,591-0,960</td>
                  <td align="center">0,800</td>
                  <td align="center">0,710-0,890</td>
                  <td align="center">0,808</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pot&#234;ncia Circulat&#243;ria (mmHg.ml.kg-1 min-1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,777</td>
                  <td align="center">0,679-0,876</td>
                  <td align="center">0,743</td>
                  <td align="center">0,668-0,819</td>
                  <td align="center">0,697</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pot&#234;ncia ventilat&#243;ria (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,830</td>
                  <td align="center">0,729-0,930</td>
                  <td align="center">0,759</td>
                  <td align="center">0,687-0,830</td>
                  <td align="center">0,398</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pico de pulso O<sub>2</sub> (mL/kg/batimento)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,659</td>
                  <td align="center">0,486-0,831</td>
                  <td align="center">0,716</td>
                  <td align="center">0,642-0,761</td>
                  <td align="center">0,546</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> em repouso (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,797</td>
                  <td align="center">0,518-0,713</td>
                  <td align="center">0,615</td>
                  <td align="center">0,518-0,713</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,042</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,951</td>
                  <td align="center">0,900-0,980</td>
                  <td align="center">0,741</td>
                  <td align="center">0,662-0,8220</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,002</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub> (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,889</td>
                  <td align="center">0,819-0,960</td>
                  <td align="center">0,776</td>
                  <td align="center">0,712-0,841</td>
                  <td align="center">0,121</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN4">
                <p>
                  <italic>AUC: &#193;rea sob a curva; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; OUES: slope da efici&#234;ncia do consumo de oxig&#234;nio; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>: press&#227;o parcial de di&#243;xido de carbono expirado; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> no limiar anaer&#243;bico; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> aumenta at&#233; atingir o limiar anaer&#243;bio; pVO<sub>2</sub>: pico de consumo de oxig&#234;nio; ROC: curva de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor; TRC: terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t5">
            <label>Tabela 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Hanley e McNeil para compara&#231;&#227;o da curva ROC entre cada vari&#225;vel e pVO2 (valor p)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                  <th>Grupo TRC</th>
                  <th>Grupo Sem TRC</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Slope VE/VCO<sub>2</sub></td>
                  <td align="center">0,353</td>
                  <td align="center">0,613</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ponto &#243;timo cardiorrespirat&#243;rio</td>
                  <td align="center">0,487</td>
                  <td align="center">0,900</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>OUES</td>
                  <td align="center">0,979</td>
                  <td align="center">0,261</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pot&#234;ncia circulat&#243;ria (mmHg,ml,kg-1 min-1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,992</td>
                  <td align="center">0,766</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pot&#234;ncia ventilat&#243;ria (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,607</td>
                  <td align="center">0,592</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pico de pulso O<sub>2</sub> (mL/kg/batimento)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,277</td>
                  <td align="center">0,918</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> em repouso (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,855</td>
                  <td align="center">0,123</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,046</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">0,794</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub> (mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,213</td>
                  <td align="center">0,431</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN5">
                <p>
                  <italic>AUC: &#193;rea sob a curva; OUES: slope da efici&#234;ncia do consumo de oxig&#234;nio; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>: press&#227;o parcial de di&#243;xido de carbono expirado; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> no limiar anaer&#243;bico; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> aumenta at&#233; atingir o limiar anaer&#243;bio; pVO<sub>2</sub>: pico de consumo de oxig&#234;nio ; TRC: terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>No grupo sem TRC, OUES e P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub> apresentaram os maiores valores de AUC, ambos superiores ao de pVO<sub>2</sub> e slope VE/VCO2, mas n&#227;o foi encontrada diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa.</p>
        <p>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AR</sub> e P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> foram os &#250;nicos par&#226;metros que revelaram um melhor desempenho em pacientes com TRC do que em pacientes sem dispositivo &#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 4</xref> . Um P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> de 33mmHg teve sensibilidade de 90% e especificidade de 78% para o desfecho prim&#225;rio no grupo TRC e abaixo desse valor, os pacientes tiveram uma sobrevida de 24 meses livre de eventos significativamente menor, n&#227;o apenas na coorte total, mas tamb&#233;m nos dois grupos de estudo &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Curvas de sobrevida segundo ponto de corte de PETCO2AT de 33mmHg na coorte geral, grupo TRC e grupo sem TRC ; TRC: terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0413-10620-gf02.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Valor de corte para sele&#231;&#227;o de TC</title>
        <p>Na coorte geral, assim como em cada grupo, pacientes com pVO<sub>2</sub> &gt; 12ml/kg/min (ou &gt; 14ml/kg/min se sob BB)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> tiveram melhor progn&#243;stico em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes em estratos com pVO<sub>2</sub> &#8804; 10ml/kg/min e 10 &lt; pVO2 &#8804; 12ml/kg/min, enquanto um ponto de corte de 10ml/kg/min n&#227;o forneceu uma estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco adequada &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 3</xref> . Um ponto de corte do slope VE/VCO2 de 35 discriminou significativamente o risco para eventos de IC em todas as coortes &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 3</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f03">
            <label>Figura 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Curvas de sobrevida estratificadas por pVO2 e VE/VCO2 para a coorte total, grupo TRC e grupo sem TRC. TRC: terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0413-10620-gf03.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Para o ponto de corte tradicional de pVO<sub>2</sub> para sele&#231;&#227;o de TC, VPP para o desfecho prim&#225;rio foi de 98,4% no grupo TRC e 93,3% no grupo sem TRC ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 5</xref> ), com VPN de 27,5% e 27,2%, respectivamente. Um ponto de corte de pVO<sub>2</sub> de 10 ml/kg/min revelou VPP menor em ambos os grupos, apesar de ter VPN semelhante, sem diferen&#231;as significativas entre os grupos &#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 6</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t6">
            <label>Tabela 6</label>
            <caption>
              <title>VPP e VPN de pontos de corte de v&#225;rias vari&#225;veis para o desfecho prim&#225;rio</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Grupo TRC</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Grupo Sem TRC</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>VPN</th>
                  <th>VPP</th>
                  <th>VPN</th>
                  <th>VPP</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>pVO<sub>2</sub> &#8804; 10 ml/kg/min</td>
                  <td align="center">89,0%</td>
                  <td align="center">30,8%</td>
                  <td align="center">89,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">26,7%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>pVO<sub>2</sub> &#8804; 12 ml/kg/min<sup>1</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">98,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">27,5%</td>
                  <td align="center">93,3%</td>
                  <td align="center">27,2%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> slope &#8805; 35</td>
                  <td align="center">96,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">26,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">93,1%</td>
                  <td align="center">21,7%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> &#8804; 33 mmHg</td>
                  <td align="center">98,4%</td>
                  <td align="center">35,7%</td>
                  <td align="center">91,9%</td>
                  <td align="center">27,4%</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN6">
                <p>
                  <italic><sup>1</sup> pVO<sub>2</sub> &#8804; 12 ml/kg/min ou &#8804; 14 ml/kg/min sem betabloqueador VPN: valor preditivo negativo; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>: press&#227;o parcial de di&#243;xido de carbono expirado no limiar anaer&#243;bio; pVO<sub>2</sub>: pico de consumo de oxig&#234;nio; VPP: valor preditivo positivo; TRC: terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>No grupo TRC, P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> &#8804; 33 mmHg apresentou valores de VPP e VPN ligeiramente maiores do que o ponto de corte de pVO<sub>2</sub> recomendado.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Ensaios anteriores mostraram que a adi&#231;&#227;o de TRC &#224; terapia m&#233;dica ideal ou terapia com desfibrilador reduz significativamente a mortalidade entre os pacientes com ICFER<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> e melhora a capacidade de exerc&#237;cio, levando a um aumento do pVO<sub>2</sub> e uma redu&#231;&#227;o do slope VE/VCO2, atrasando com seguran&#231;a o TC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Reconheceu-se a necessidade de revis&#227;o dos pontos de corte de sele&#231;&#227;o de TC devido &#224; melhora nas terapias de IC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Com base no benef&#237;cio de sobrevida conferido pela TRC e seu efeito no pVO<sub>2</sub>, n&#227;o est&#225; claro se esta ainda &#233; uma ferramenta v&#225;lida para a sele&#231;&#227;o de TC. Um trabalho de 2011 sugeriu que o HFSS superou o pVO<sub>2</sub> na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco na presen&#231;a de um CIED e que um ponto de corte de pVO<sub>2</sub> de 10 ml/kg/min seria mais adequado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Nossa an&#225;lise procurou atender a essa necessidade n&#227;o atendida na cardiologia contempor&#226;nea.</p>
      <p>Houve diferen&#231;as cruciais na linha de base entre os grupos, pois os pacientes do grupo TRC eram significativamente mais velhos, mais sintom&#225;ticos, tinham FEVE mais baixa, n&#237;veis m&#233;dios de pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos mais altos, maior preval&#234;ncia de FA e DRC e pior desempenho no exerc&#237;cio &#8211; pVO<sub>2</sub> basal mais baixo e slope VE/VCO2 mais alto. No entanto, isso n&#227;o se traduziu em pior progn&#243;stico, pois uma propor&#231;&#227;o semelhante de pacientes atingiu o desfecho prim&#225;rio em ambos os grupos (12,0% vs 13,2%, p = 0,660), sem diferen&#231;a significativa na sobrevida livre de eventos (p = 0,856).</p>
      <p>Como esperado, o pVO<sub>2</sub> apresentou um poder progn&#243;stico aceit&#225;vel, independente da presen&#231;a de um aparelho de TRC (p = 0,531). O slope VE/VCO2 foi sugerido como mais preciso do que os crit&#233;rios de listagem atuais para TC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a entre os grupos quanto ao seu poder preditivo (p = 0,159); e quanto &#224; sua capacidade preditiva, apesar de numericamente maior que a do pVO<sub>2</sub>, essa diferen&#231;a n&#227;o atingiu signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica em nenhum grupo.</p>
      <p>A P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> correlaciona-se com o d&#233;bito card&#237;aco em pacientes com IC e pode refletir a gravidade da doen&#231;a, tendo valor progn&#243;stico independente do pVO<sub>2</sub>.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Um P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AR</sub> &lt; 33,0 mmHg ou um aumento &lt; 3 mmHg durante o teste ergom&#233;trico foram associados a pior progn&#243;stico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Nos pacientes com TRC, P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AR</sub>, P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> e P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub> apresentaram valores de AUC maiores que pVO<sub>2</sub>, mas essa diferen&#231;a s&#243; atingiu signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica para P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> (p = 0,046). Pacientes com P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> &#8804; 33,0 mmHg tiveram uma sobrevida de 24 meses livre de eventos significativamente menor, n&#227;o apenas no bra&#231;o de TRC, mas tamb&#233;m na coorte geral e no grupo sem TRC (p &lt; 0,001).</p>
      <p>Um valor de corte de pVO<sub>2</sub> de 10 ml/kg/min n&#227;o melhorou a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco no grupo TRC, uma vez que tem VPN marcadamente menor do que os pontos de corte tradicionais. N&#227;o houve discrimina&#231;&#227;o entre os estratos de alto risco (pVO<sub>2</sub> &#8804;10 ml/min/kg) e m&#233;dio risco (10 &lt; pVO2 &#8804; 12 ml/min/kg) quanto &#224; sobrevida livre de eventos durante os primeiros 24 meses de seguimento em nenhum dos grupos. Os estratos de baixo risco (pVO<sub>2</sub> &#8805;12 ml/min/kg) tiveram progn&#243;stico significativamente melhor do que os demais estratos, em ambos os grupos. O valor de corte recomendado para VE/VCO2 forneceu discrimina&#231;&#227;o de risco precisa de 2 anos no grupo TRC (72,6% vs 96,6%, p = 0,001).</p>
      <p>Apesar dos pacientes com TRC apresentarem um perfil basal de risco mais alto em nosso estudo, isso n&#227;o se traduziu em uma maior taxa de eventos durante o seguimento. O ponto de corte atual de pVO<sub>2</sub> para sele&#231;&#227;o de TC pode estratificar esses pacientes de alto risco com mais precis&#227;o do que o ponto de corte de pVO<sub>2</sub> sugerido de 10ml/kg/min,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> independentemente da presen&#231;a de um dispositivo de TRC.</p>
      <p>O baixo VPP e o alto VPN das vari&#225;veis analisadas sugerem que na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada todos esses par&#226;metros, quando utilizados individualmente, s&#227;o mais adequados para identificar pacientes que n&#227;o necessitam de TC.</p>
      <p>Nossos resultados sugerem que terapias avan&#231;adas de IC podem ser suspensas com seguran&#231;a em pacientes com IC, com pVO<sub>2</sub> &gt; 12 ml/kg/min (ou 14 ml/kg/min na aus&#234;ncia de betabloqueador), independentemente da presen&#231;a de dispositivo de TRC, pois a taxa de eventos nesta popula&#231;&#227;o &#233; baixa. Pacientes abaixo desse ponto de corte devem ser tratados de acordo, e seu encaminhamento oportuno para TC ou MCS deve ser considerado. O baixo VPP dos pontos de corte recomendados sugere que o pVO<sub>2</sub> s&#243; &#233; insuficiente para orientar o encaminhamento e outros fatores progn&#243;sticos devem ser levados em considera&#231;&#227;o, como classe funcional NYHA, perfil INTERMACS, FEVE, HFSS, interna&#231;&#245;es recorrentes planejadas e n&#227;o planejadas por IC ou arritmias ventriculares, congest&#227;o persistente/necessidade de doses crescentes de diur&#233;ticos ou combina&#231;&#227;o com outras vari&#225;veis do TCPE, como P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>. O VPP surpreendentemente baixo pode ser explicado pelo fato de que uma propor&#231;&#227;o significativa de nossa coorte realizou um TCPE subm&#225;ximo, uma configura&#231;&#227;o na qual o pVO<sub>2</sub> pode perder poder discriminativo.</p>
      <p>O P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> pode aumentar o valor progn&#243;stico do TCPE em ICFER, independentemente da presen&#231;a de um dispositivo de TRC, e eventualmente refinar a capacidade preditiva dos par&#226;metros de TCPE atualmente usados para a decis&#227;o de encaminhamento para TC.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
        <p>Esta foi uma experi&#234;ncia de centro &#250;nico e, portanto, os resultados podem refletir nossa pr&#225;tica local e podem n&#227;o ser aplic&#225;veis a outros Centros de IC.</p>
        <p>Em segundo lugar, apesar de um grande n&#250;mero de pacientes estar recebendo terapias de bloqueio neurohormonal aprovadas pelas diretrizes, v&#225;rios pacientes foram inclu&#237;dos nesta an&#225;lise antes do advento dos inibidores do receptor de angiotensina-neprilisina &#8211; ARNI (&lt;10% dos pacientes sob ARNI). Portanto, n&#227;o est&#225; claro se nossos resultados podem ser extrapolados para a era sacubitril-valsartana, pois esse medicamento demonstrou ter impacto na capacidade de exerc&#237;cio.</p>
        <p>A grande maioria dos pacientes na coorte TRC tinha um dispositivo TRC-D (98,4%), por isso n&#227;o se sabe se P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> e outras vari&#225;veis TCPE manteriam sua capacidade preditiva em pacientes com dispositivos TRC-P. Como os pacientes do bra&#231;o da TRC tinham um perfil cl&#237;nico de base te&#243;rica de risco mais alto, seria esperado que, na aus&#234;ncia de um desfibrilador, uma propor&#231;&#227;o maior desses pacientes atendesse ao desfecho prim&#225;rio, devido a taxas mais altas de morte arr&#237;tmica. Quarto, n&#227;o h&#225; dados sobre a resposta de TRC e seria &#250;til comparar o desempenho dessas vari&#225;veis entre aqueles que respondem e que n&#227;o respondem cl&#237;nica/ecocardiograficamente.</p>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, o pVO<sub>2</sub> e outras vari&#225;veis do TCPE podem perder parte de seu valor progn&#243;stico em um cen&#225;rio subm&#225;ximo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> No entanto, nossa coorte total apresentou um RER m&#233;dio de 1,07 e o grupo TRC de 1,05, significando que uma propor&#231;&#227;o substancial de pacientes realizou exerc&#237;cio subm&#225;ximo, o que pode influenciar no desempenho de cada par&#226;metro.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>O desempenho das ferramentas de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco em pacientes com IC encaminhados para TC foi definido antes da ampla utiliza&#231;&#227;o de dispositivos de TRC e h&#225; dados limitados sobre sua acur&#225;cia progn&#243;stica nesses pacientes. Nossos achados sugerem que os valores de corte recomendados de pVO<sub>2</sub> e VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> mant&#234;m sua capacidade discriminativa nesse cen&#225;rio; no entanto, o P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> pode fornecer uma maior capacidade preditiva de eventos adversos em um seguimento de 24 meses em pacientes com TRC. Esse par&#226;metro foi um preditor de progn&#243;stico independente em pacientes com TRC e teve melhor desempenho nessa popula&#231;&#227;o do que em pacientes sem TRC. Mais estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para avaliar a reprodutibilidade de nossos dados e para avaliar se P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub> pode melhorar a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco quando combinado com pVO<sub>2</sub>.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Jackson-Nelson</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
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          <article-title>End-tidal CO2 pressure and cardiac performance during exercise in heart failure</article-title>
          <source>Med Sci Sports Exerc</source>
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          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1249/MSS.0b013e318184c945</issue-id>
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        <mixed-citation>25. Balady GJ, Arena R, Sietsema K, Myers J, Coke L, Fletcher GF, et al. American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Clinician&#8217;s Guide to cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010 Jul 13;122(2):191-225. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181e52e69</mixed-citation>
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            <collab>American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation</collab>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Centro Hospitalar Central de Lisboa sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 1232. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Predictive Ability of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Parameters in Heart Failure Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0047-8306</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Reis</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#243;nio Valentim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Br&#225;s</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Garcia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Rita Ilh&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tim&#243;teo</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Rui M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Rui Cruz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Central de Lisboa, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Jo&#227;o Ferreira Reis &#8226; Departamento de Cardiologia do Hospital de Santa Marta &#8211; Rua de Santa Marta, 1169-024, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal E-mail: jpr_911@hotmail.com</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Reis JF, Gon&#231;alves AV, Moreira RI, Rio P, Soares RM; Acquisition of data: Reis JF, Gon&#231;alves AV, Br&#225;s PG; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Reis JF, Br&#225;s PG, Soares RM; Statistical analysis: Reis JF, Br&#225;s PG; Obtaining financing and Writing of the manuscript: Reis JF; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Reis JF, Gon&#231;alves AV, Moreira RI, Rio P, Tim&#243;teo AT, Soares RM, Ferreira RC.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>There is evidence suggesting that a peak oxygen uptake (pVO<sub>2</sub>) cut-off of 10ml/kg/min provides a more precise risk stratification in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>To compare the prognostic power of several cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters in this population and assess the discriminative ability of the guideline-recommended pVO<sub>2</sub>cut-off values.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>Prospective evaluation of consecutive heart failure (HF) patients with left ventricular ejection fraction &#8804;40%. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death and urgent heart transplantation (HT) in the first 24 follow-up months, and was analysed by several CPET parameters for the highest area under the curve (AUC) in the CRT group. A survival analysis was performed to evaluate the risk stratification provided by several different cut-offs. p values &lt;0.05 were considered significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>A total of 450 HF patients, of which 114 had a CRT device. These patients had a higher baseline risk profile, but there was no difference regarding the primary outcome (13.2% vs 11.6%, p =0.660). End-tidal carbon dioxide pressure at anaerobic threshold (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT)</sub>had the highest AUC value, which was significantly higher than that of pVO<sub>2</sub>in the CRT group (0.951 vs 0.778, p =0.046). The currently recommended pVO<sub>2</sub>cut-off provided accurate risk stratification in this setting (p &lt;0.001), and the suggested cut-off value of 10 ml/min/kg did not improve risk discrimination in device patients (p =0.772).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>may outperform pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8217;s prognostic power for adverse events in CRT patients. The current guideline-recommended pVO2 cut-off can precisely risk-stratify this population.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise Test/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Oxygen Consumption</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Transplantation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a powerful predictor of mortality in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is used to guide patient referral for advanced therapies, such heart transplantation (HT) and mechanical circulatory support (MCS).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Peak oxygen uptake (pVO<sub>2</sub>) and the VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope are CPET-derived variables most commonly used as risk assessment tools; however, several other CPET variables have been shown to predict HF events and, some of them, can improve clinical stratification of HF patients when used together with the aforementioned variables (i.e., exercise oscillatory ventilation, end-tidal carbon dioxide variation during exercise testing, HR recovery, systolic blood pressure and the ECG response to exercise).</p>
        <p>Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has emerged as a major therapeutic option in the management of HFrEF patients and, in selected patients, has shown to improve symptomatic burden and quality of life, as well to have a prognostic benefit regarding morbidity and mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A growing number of patients referred to HT already have a CRT device, either with or without defibrillator (CRT-D and CRT-P, respectively). Survival in HFrEF patients has improved significantly in recent years and some authors suggest the need for re-evaluation of the listing criteria for HT and prognostic thresholds of peak oxygen uptake (pVO<sub>2</sub>) and VE/VCO2 slope.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The <italic>2016 International Society for Heart Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) listing criteria for heart transplantation</italic> defined pVO<sub>2</sub>as a major criterion for listing patients for HT and that the presence of CRT device does not alter the recommended cut-off value of pVO<sub>2.</sub><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> This recommendation was based on a sub-analysis of the COMPANION trial which showed that CRT did not alter the predictability of pVO<sub>2</sub>on adverse HFrEF events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Conversely, Goda et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> showed that a cut-off value of 10 ml/kg/min rather than the traditional cut-off value of 14 ml/kg/min may be more useful for risk stratification in patients with CRT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Several other CPET variables were proven to be robust predictors of a worse clinical outcome in HFrEF populations, such as the VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope, the O<sub>2</sub>uptake efficiency slope (OUES) and the Cardiorespiratory Optimal Point (COP)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> .</p>
        <p>The present study seeks to evaluate the predictive ability of the guideline recommended cut-off values in patients with CRT, to compare the prognostic power of several exercise parameters to that of pVO<sub>2</sub>in this population and to compare their performance between patients with and without a CRT device.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Ethics</title>
          <p>The investigation conforms to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The local institutional ethics committee approved the study protocol. All patients provided informed consent.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study Sample</title>
          <p>Single centre analysis of 450 consecutive HF patients referred to our institution from 2009 to 2018 with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &#8804;40% and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II or III, who were submitted to CPET. All patients were referred for evaluation by the HF team with possible indication for HT or MCS.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study Protocol</title>
          <p>Patient follow-up included initial evaluation within a period of one month in each patient with: clinical data including aetiology of HF (ischemic vs non-ischemic), implanted cardiac devices (CIED), medication, comorbidities, NYHA class; laboratorial data; electrocardiographic data; echocardiographic data; CPET data; Heart Failure Survival Score (HFSS).</p>
          <p>Patients were excluded if one of the following: age &lt;18 years; planned percutaneous coronary revascularization or cardiac surgery; exercise-limiting comorbidities (cerebrovascular disease, musculoskeletal impairment, or severe peripheral vascular disease); previous HT.</p>
          <p>Patients who underwent CRT implantation performed CPET and transthoracic echocardiogram at least 6 months after the procedure.</p>
          <p>Patients with elective HT during the follow-up period (patients who had indication for HT and a heart become available in the first two year of follow-up) were censured from the analysis at the time of HT.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Cardiopulmonary exercise testing</title>
          <p>A maximal symptom-limited treadmill CPET, defined by peak respiratory exchange rate (RER) &gt;1.05, was performed using the modified Bruce protocol (GE Marquette Series 2000 treadmill). Gas analysis was preceded by calibration of the equipment. Minute ventilation, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production were acquired breath-by-breath, using a SensorMedics Vmax 229 gas analyser.</p>
          <p>The pVO<sub>2</sub>was defined as the highest 30-second average achieved during exercise and was normalized for body mass. The anaerobic threshold was determined by combining the standard methods (V-slope preferentially and ventilatory equivalents). The VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope was calculated by least squares linear regression, using data acquired throughout the whole exercise. COP was measured as the minimum value of the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO<sub>2</sub>minimum). Partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>) was reported before exercise (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AR</sub>), at anaerobic threshold (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>) and at peak exercise in mmHg units, and the increase during exercise until the anaerobic threshold is achieved (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>) was also calculated. Peak oxygen pulse (PP) was calculated by dividing derived pVO<sub>2</sub>by the maximum heart rate (HR) during exercise and was expressed in millilitres per beat. Circulatory power was calculated as the product of pVO<sub>2</sub>and peak systolic blood pressure and the ventilatory power was calculated by dividing peak systolic blood pressure (BP) by the VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope. Several composite parameters of CPET were also automatically calculated.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Follow-up and endpoint</title>
          <p>All patients were followed-up for 24 months from the date of completion of the aforementioned complementary exams.</p>
          <p>The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death and urgent HT occurring during an unplanned hospitalisation with dependency of inotropes for worsening HF. Data was obtained from the outpatient clinic visits (i.e., both unplanned visits for HF - clinical deterioration requiring iv diuretics - or planned visits for HF medication up-titration, diuretic therapy or routine clinical evaluation by the HF team) and was complemented with a standardised telephone interview to all patients at 24 months of follow-up.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>All analyses compare patients with and without a CRT device (CRT and noCRT, respectively). Data was analysed using the software Statistical Package for the Social Science for Windows, version 24.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago IL).</p>
          <p>Baseline characteristics were summarised as frequencies (percentages) for categorical variables, as means and standard deviations for continuous variables when normality was verified and as median and interquartile range when normality was not verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The Student&#8217;s t-test for independent samples or the Mann-Whitney test (when normality was not confirmed) were used for all comparisons. Chi-Square test or Fisher exact test were used to compare categorical variables.</p>
          <p>Multivariate analysis for the prediction of the primary endpoint during two-years follow-up was performed using Cox regression, by including all statistically significant variables in the univariate analysis, in the total cohort and in each group.</p>
          <p>The predictive power of several CPET parameters regarding the primary outcome in each group was analysed with Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). Cut-off values for variables were determined from ROC curves so that the sum of sensitivity and specificity was maximised. Hanley and McNeil test was used to compare two correlated ROC curves.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Event-free survival was determined using the Kaplan- Meier method and compared with log-rank analysis in order to evaluate the risk discriminative ability provided by the guideline-recommended cut-off values of pVO<sub>2</sub>(pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8804; 12 ml/kg/min or &#8804; 14 ml/kg/min without beta-blocker - BB) and VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> and the suggested cut-off value of 10ml/kg/min.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Statistical differences with a p value &lt;0.05 were considered significant.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Overview of CRT and noCRT groups</title>
          <p>A total of 450 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 25.3% (n = 114) had a CRT device, mostly a CRT-D (98.2%). The overall population had a mean age of 56.2 years, with 78.7% being male and a mean LVEF of 28.6%. All CRT patients with atrial fibrillation underwent AV node ablation during the implantation procedure and the percentage of biventricular pacing was 96%. CPET was performed on average 8 months after CRT implantation. The baseline characteristics of both groups are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> .</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t1001">
              <label>Table 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Baseline Characteristics of CRT and no CRT groups</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" colspan="3" scope="col" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th scope="col">Overall n 450</th>
                    <th scope="col">CRT n 114</th>
                    <th scope="col">no CRT n 336</th>
                    <th scope="col">p value</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" colspan="3" scope="col" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th colspan="4" rowspan="1" scope="col">CLINICAL DATA &#8211; CHARACTERISTICS</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Age</td>
                    <td align="center">56.2 &#177; 12.5</td>
                    <td align="center">62.3 &#177; 11.5</td>
                    <td align="center">54.2 &#177; 12.2</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" colspan="3">Male (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">354 (78.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">85 (74.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">269 (80.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.216</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" colspan="3">BMI (kg/m<sub>2</sub>)</td>
                    <td align="center">27.2 &#177; 4.3</td>
                    <td align="center">27.2 &#177; 4.1</td>
                    <td align="center">27.1 &#177; 4.4</td>
                    <td align="center">0.829</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" colspan="3">Ischemic aetiology (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">211 (46.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">42 (36.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">169 (50.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.011</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" colspan="3">ACEi/ARB/ARNI (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">423 (94.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">104 (96.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">319 (96.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.000</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" colspan="3">BB (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">388 (86.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">93 (85.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">295 (88.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.325</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" colspan="3">MRA (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">340 (75.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">93 (84.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">247 (74.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.026</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">Diabetes (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">98 (21.8%)</td>
                    <td align="center">23 (22.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">75 (23.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.817</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>CKD (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">140 (31.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">48 (46.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">92 (32.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.008</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>AF (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">112 (24.9%)</td>
                    <td align="center">43 (38.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">69 (20.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>&lt; 0.001</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>ICD (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">271 (60.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">112 (98.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">159 (47.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>&lt; 0.001</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>NYHA Functional Class</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">2.2 &#177; 0.6</td>
                    <td align="center">2.5 &#177; 0.5</td>
                    <td align="center">2.1 &#177; 0.6</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.001</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>HFSS*</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">8.5 &#177; 1.0</td>
                    <td align="center">8.14 &#177; 0.86</td>
                    <td align="center">8.65 &#177; 1.04</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>&lt; 0.001</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3" rowspan="1"> </td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="4">
                      <bold>LABORATORIAL DATA</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>Creatinine (mg/dL)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">1.4 &#177; 0.7</td>
                    <td align="center">1.6 &#177; 0.4</td>
                    <td align="center">1.0 &#177; 0.3</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.041</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">Sodium (mEq/L)</td>
                    <td align="center">137.9 &#177; 3.1</td>
                    <td align="center">137.5 &#177; 3.4</td>
                    <td align="center">138.5 &#177; 2.9</td>
                    <td align="center">0.138</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>NT-proBNP (pg/ml)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">2224.2 &#177; 2764.0</td>
                    <td align="center">2769.7 &#177; 2575.4</td>
                    <td align="center">2034.3 &#177; 2808.1</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.045</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3" rowspan="1"> </td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="4">
                      <bold>ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DATA</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>LVEDD (mm/m</bold>
                      <sup>
                        <bold>2</bold>
                      </sup>
                      <bold>)*</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">35.5 &#177; 5.9</td>
                    <td align="center">37.9 &#177; 5.5</td>
                    <td align="center">34.7 &#177; 5.9</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.032</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>LVEF (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">28.6 &#177; 6.9</td>
                    <td align="center">26.2 &#177; 7.2</td>
                    <td align="center">29.6 &#177; 6.6</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>&lt; 0.001</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">MR III-IV (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">65 (14.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (14.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">49 (14.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.935</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3" rowspan="1"> </td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="4">
                      <bold>CPET DATA</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>CPET duration (min)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">9.6 &#177; 4.4</td>
                    <td align="center">7.4 &#177; 4.1</td>
                    <td align="center">10.3 &#177; 4.3</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>&lt; 0.001</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">Peak RER</td>
                    <td align="center">1.07 &#177; 0.11</td>
                    <td align="center">1.05 &#177; 0.11</td>
                    <td align="center">1.08 &#177; 0.10</td>
                    <td align="center">0.139</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>pVO</bold>
                      <sub>
                        <bold>2</bold>
                      </sub>
                      <bold>(ml/kg/min)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">17.9 &#177; 6.1</td>
                    <td align="center">15.2 &#177; 5.1</td>
                    <td align="center">18.8 &#177; 6.1</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>&lt; 0.001</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>VE/VCO</bold>
                      <sub>
                        <bold>2</bold>
                      </sub>
                      <bold>slope</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">33.8 &#177; 9.5</td>
                    <td align="center">35.8 &#177; 10.9</td>
                    <td align="center">33.2 &#177; 8.9</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.026</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">OUES</td>
                    <td align="center">2.1 &#177; 1.8</td>
                    <td align="center">2.2 &#177; 2.2</td>
                    <td align="center">2.0 &#177; 1.6</td>
                    <td align="center">0.645</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>pVO</bold>
                      <sub>
                        <bold>2</bold>
                      </sub>
                      <bold>(ml/kg/min) at AT</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">13.1 &#177; 4.5</td>
                    <td align="center">10.3 &#177; 3.4</td>
                    <td align="center">13.8 &#177; 4.5</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.001</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>O</bold>
                      <sub>
                        <bold>2</bold>
                      </sub>
                      <bold>Pulse (mL/kg/beat)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">0.14 &#177; 0.06</td>
                    <td align="center">0.12 &#177; 0.04</td>
                    <td align="center">0.14 &#177; 0.07</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.028</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>Circulatory Power (mmHg.ml.kg-1 min-1)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">2786.9 &#177; 1578.8</td>
                    <td align="center">2262.3 &#177; 965.4</td>
                    <td align="center">2963 &#177; 1702.4</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>&lt; 0.001</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>Ventilatory Power (mmHg)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">4.8 &#177; 1.7</td>
                    <td align="center">4.4 &#177; 1.7</td>
                    <td align="center">4.9 &#177; 1.7</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.020</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">Cardiorespiratory Optimal Point</td>
                    <td align="center">29.6 &#177; 7.4</td>
                    <td align="center">30.7 &#177; 7.5</td>
                    <td align="center">29.3 &#177; 7.4</td>
                    <td align="center">0.274</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>at rest (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">33.4 &#177; 4.7</td>
                    <td align="center">32.9 &#177; 4.8</td>
                    <td align="center">33.6 &#177; 4.7</td>
                    <td align="center">0.241</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>P</bold>
                      <sub>
                        <bold>ET</bold>
                      </sub>
                      <bold>CO</bold>
                      <sub>
                        <bold>2AT</bold>
                      </sub>
                      <bold>(mmHg)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">36.7 &#177; 5.9</td>
                    <td align="center">35.3 &#177; 5.9</td>
                    <td align="center">37.1 &#177; 5.9</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.010</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="3">
                      <bold>P</bold>
                      <sub>
                        <bold>ET</bold>
                      </sub>
                      <bold>CO</bold>
                      <sub>
                        <bold>2DIF</bold>
                      </sub>
                      <bold>(mmHg)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">3.3 &#177; 3.7</td>
                    <td align="center">2.3 &#177; 3.2</td>
                    <td align="center">3.6 &#177; 3.8</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.004</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN1001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>Values are mean &#177; standard deviation or median (interquartile range);p values are calculated by Student&#180;s T-test for independent samples or Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate; chi square test or Fisher exact test were used to compare categorical variables. *Variables with normal distribution. AT: anaerobic threshold; ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; ARNI: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors; AF: Atrial fibrillation; BB: Beta-blockers; BMI: body mass index; CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise test; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HFSS: Heart Failure Survival Score; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; MR: Mitral regurgitation; NYHA: New York Heart Association; OUES: oxygen uptake efficiency slope; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>: partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>at AT; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>increase until the AT is achieved; pVO<sub>2</sub>: peak oxygen uptake; RER: respiratory exchange ratio; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Primary endpoint</title>
          <p>The primary endpoint occurred in 54 (12.0%) patients as represented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> , with 37 patients experiencing cardiac death and 16 patients undergoing urgent HT. A similar proportion of patients met the primary endpoint in both groups, which also applied to its individual components. Survival analysis revealed a similar event-free survival between groups during the follow-up period ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> ).</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t2001">
              <label>Table 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Adverse events at 24 months follow-up</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Adverse events at 24 months follow-up</th>
                    <th>Overal n (%)</th>
                    <th>CRT Group n (%)</th>
                    <th>No CRT n (%)</th>
                    <th>p value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Combined primary endpoint</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">54 (12.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (13.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">39 (11.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.660</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Total mortality</td>
                    <td align="center">38 (8.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (9.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">27 (8.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.592</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiac mortality</td>
                    <td align="center">37 (8.2%)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (9.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">26 (7.7%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.521</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Sudden cardiac death</td>
                    <td align="center">14 (3.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (2.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (3.3%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.977</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Death for worsening HF</td>
                    <td align="center">23 (5.1%)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (7.0%)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (4.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.285</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Urgent HT</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (3.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (3.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (3.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.991</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN2001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; HF: heart failure; HT: heart transplantation.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f01001">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Survival curves by cardiac resynchronization therapy.</title>
                <p>CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy.</p>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0413-10620-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Relationship between CPET prognostic parameters and primary outcome</title>
          <p>Both in patients with CRT and in the total cohort, pVO<sub>2</sub>, VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope and P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>were independent predictors of the primary endpoint &#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> .</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t3001">
              <label>Table 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>CPET Predictors of adverse events at 24 months follow-up</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" scope="col">Total Cohort</th>
                    <th scope="col">Univariate, OR (CI 95%)</th>
                    <th scope="col">p value</th>
                    <th colspan="2" scope="col">Multivariate analysis, OR (CI 95%)</th>
                    <th scope="col">p value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">pVO<sub>2</sub>(ml/kg/min)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.851 (0.799-0.906)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.867 (0.812-0.921)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.004</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope</td>
                    <td align="center">1.092 (1.061-1.124)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.005</td>
                    <td align="center">1.104 (1.020-1.196)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.015</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Cardiorespiratory Optimal Point</td>
                    <td align="center">1.128 (1.050-1.212)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.010</td>
                    <td align="center"> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.250</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">OUES</td>
                    <td align="center">0.357 (0.179-0.713)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center"> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.284</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Circulatory Power (mmHg.ml.kg-1 min-1)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.996 (0.994-0.999)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.040</td>
                    <td align="center"> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.540</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Ventilatory Power (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.471(0.367-0.605)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.017</td>
                    <td align="center"> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.287</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">Peak O<sub>2</sub>Pulse (mL/kg/beat)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.769 (0.573-1.031)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.079</td>
                    <td align="center"> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.357</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left">P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>at rest (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.871 (0.814-0.931)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.012</td>
                    <td align="center"> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.135</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>(mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.814 (0.763-0.868)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.713 (0.577-0.880)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.002</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>(mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.734 (0.660-0.815)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.110</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>CRT Group</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Univariate, OR (CI 95%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">
                      <bold>p value</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Multivariate analysis, OR (CI 95%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>p value</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>pVO<sub>2</sub>(ml/kg/min)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.794 (0.688-0.916)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.002</td>
                    <td align="center">0.821 (0.647-0.905)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.005</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope</td>
                    <td align="center">1.162 (1.077-1.253)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">1.109 (1.053-1.165)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.008</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiorespiratory Optimal Point</td>
                    <td align="center">1.101 (0.982-1.235)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.090</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.319</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>OUES</td>
                    <td align="center">0.974 (0.702-1.353)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.470</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.657</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Circulatory Power (mmHg.ml.kg-1 min-1)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.997 (0.998-0.999)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.047</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.470</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ventilatory Power (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.313 (0.157-0.624)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.001</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.314</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Peak O<sub>2</sub>Pulse (mL/kg/beat)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.751 (0.371-1.063)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.097</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.490</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>at rest (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.779 (0.668-0.910)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.002</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.197</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>(mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.564 (0.413-0.771)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.527 (0.309-0.898)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>(mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.595 (0.451-0.786)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.097</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>No CRT Group</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td colspan="2"> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>pVO<sub>2</sub>(ml/kg/min)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.860 (0.801-0.924)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.819 (0.668-0.930)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.007</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope</td>
                    <td align="center">1.075 (1.040-1.110)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">1.109 (1.015-1.210)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.012</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiorespiratory Optimal Point</td>
                    <td align="center">1.143 (1.040-1.257)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.005</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.154</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>OUES</td>
                    <td align="center">0.088 (0.030-0.253)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.454</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Circulatory Power (mmHg.ml.kg-1 min-1)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.095 (0.091-0.097)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.039</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.564</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ventilatory Power (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.513 (0.391-0.674)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.309</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Peak O<sub>2</sub>Pulse (mL/kg/beat)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.783 (0.453-1.021)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.070</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.410</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>at rest (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.900 (0.834-0.972)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.007</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.229</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>(mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.849 (0.794-0.907)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.001</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">0.080</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>(mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.765 (0.682-0.858)</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                    <td align="center">0.689 (0.532-0.893)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.005</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN3001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>CI: confidence interval; CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise test; OR: Odds-ratio; NS: not significant (&gt; 0.05); OUES: oxygen uptake efficiency slope; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>: partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>at anaerobic threshold; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>increase until the anaerobic threshold is achieved; pVO<sub>2</sub>: peak oxygen uptake. CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>In the CRT group, P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>had the highest AUC value followed by P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>and VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope &#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4001">Table 4</xref> . COP presented the lowest predictive power in this group. The Hanley &amp; McNeil test revealed that P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>was the only variable presenting a significantly higher predictive power than that of pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5001">Table 5</xref> .</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t4001">
              <label>Table 4</label>
              <caption>
                <title>AUC analysis for the Primary Endpoint</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" rowspan="2">Characteristics</th>
                    <th colspan="2">CRT Group</th>
                    <th colspan="2">No CRT Group</th>
                    <th rowspan="2">Hanley and McNeil for ROC curve comparison between groups (p value)</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th>AUC</th>
                    <th>CI 95%</th>
                    <th>AUC</th>
                    <th>CI 95%</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>pVO<sub>2</sub>(ml/kg/min)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.778</td>
                    <td align="center">0.683-0.873</td>
                    <td align="center">0.723</td>
                    <td align="center">0.643-0.804</td>
                    <td align="center">0.531</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope</td>
                    <td align="center">0.868</td>
                    <td align="center">0.782-0.954</td>
                    <td align="center">0.757</td>
                    <td align="center">0.693-0.822</td>
                    <td align="center">0.159</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiorespiratory Optimal Point</td>
                    <td align="center">0.668</td>
                    <td align="center">0.355-0.980</td>
                    <td align="center">0.739</td>
                    <td align="center">0.487-0.991</td>
                    <td align="center">0.699</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>OUES</td>
                    <td align="center">0.775</td>
                    <td align="center">0.591-0.960</td>
                    <td align="center">0.800</td>
                    <td align="center">0.710-0.890</td>
                    <td align="center">0.808</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Circulatory Power (mmHg.ml.kg-1 min-1)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.777</td>
                    <td align="center">0.679-0.876</td>
                    <td align="center">0.743</td>
                    <td align="center">0.668-0.819</td>
                    <td align="center">0.697</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ventilatory Power (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.830</td>
                    <td align="center">0.729-0.930</td>
                    <td align="center">0.759</td>
                    <td align="center">0.687-0.830</td>
                    <td align="center">0.398</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Peak O<sub>2</sub>Pulse (mL/kg/beat)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.659</td>
                    <td align="center">0.486-0.831</td>
                    <td align="center">0.716</td>
                    <td align="center">0.642-0.761</td>
                    <td align="center">0.546</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>at rest (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.797</td>
                    <td align="center">0.518-0.713</td>
                    <td align="center">0.615</td>
                    <td align="center">0.518-0.713</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.042</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>(mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.951</td>
                    <td align="center">0.900-0.980</td>
                    <td align="center">0.741</td>
                    <td align="center">0.662-0.8220</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.002</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>(mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.889</td>
                    <td align="center">0.819-0.960</td>
                    <td align="center">0.776</td>
                    <td align="center">0.712-0.841</td>
                    <td align="center">0.121</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN4001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>AUC: Area under the curve; CI: confidence interval; OUES: oxygen uptake efficiency slope; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>: partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>at anaerobic threshold; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>increase until the anaerobic threshold is achieved; pVO<sub>2</sub>: peak oxygen uptake; ROC: receiver operating curve. CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t5001">
              <label>Table 5</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Hanley and McNeil for ROC curve comparison between each variable and pVO2 (p value</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Characteristics</th>
                    <th>CRT Group</th>
                    <th>No CRT Group</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope</td>
                    <td align="center">0.353</td>
                    <td align="center">0.613</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiorespiratory Optimal Point</td>
                    <td align="center">0.487</td>
                    <td align="center">0.900</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>OUES</td>
                    <td align="center">0.979</td>
                    <td align="center">0.261</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Circulatory Power (mmHg.ml.kg-1 min-1)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.992</td>
                    <td align="center">0.766</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ventilatory Power (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.607</td>
                    <td align="center">0.592</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Peak O<sub>2</sub>Pulse (mL/kg/beat)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.277</td>
                    <td align="center">0.918</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>at rest (mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.855</td>
                    <td align="center">0.123</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>(mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.046</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">0.794</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>(mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.213</td>
                    <td align="center">0.431</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN5001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>AUC: Area under the curve; OUES: oxygen uptake efficiency slope; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>: partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>at anaerobic threshold; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>: P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>increase until the anaerobic threshold is achieved; pVO<sub>2</sub>: peak oxygen uptake; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>In the noCRT group, OUES and P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>presented the highest AUC values, both higher than the one of pVO<sub>2</sub>and VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope, but no statistically significant difference was found.</p>
          <p>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AR</sub>and P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>were the only parameters revealing a better performance in patients with CRT than in patients without device &#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4001">Table 4</xref> . A P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>of 33mmHg had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 78% for the primary outcome in the CRT group and below this value, patients had a significantly lower 24 months survival free of events, not only in the total cohort, but also in the two study groups &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> .</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f02001">
              <label>Figure 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Survival curves according to a PETCO2AT cut-off of 33mmHg in the general cohort, CRT group and no CRT group.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0413-10620-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Cut-off value for HT selection</title>
          <p>In the overall cohort, as well as in each group, patients with a pVO<sub>2</sub>&gt; 12ml/kg/min (or &gt; 14ml/kg/min if under BB)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> had a better prognosis in comparison to pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8804; 10ml/kg/min and 10 &lt; pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8804; 12ml/kg/min strata, whereas a cut-off of 10ml/kg/min did not provide a proper risk stratification &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 3</xref> . A VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope cut-off of 35 significantly discriminated the risk for HF events in all cohorts &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 3</xref> .</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f03001">
              <label>Figure 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Survival curves stratified by pVO2 and VE/VCO2 for the total cohort, CRT group and no CRT group. CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-119-03-0413-10620-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>For the traditional pVO<sub>2</sub>cut-off for HT selection, the PPV for the primary outcome was 98.4% in the CRT group and 93.3% in the no CRT group ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5001">Table 5</xref> ), with a NPV of 27.5% and 27.2%, respectively. A pVO<sub>2</sub>cut-off of 10 ml/kg/min revealed a lower PPV in both groups, despite a similar NPV, with no significant differences between groups &#8211; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6001">Table 6</xref> .</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t6001">
              <label>Table 6</label>
              <caption>
                <title>PPV and NPV of several variables&#8217; cut-offs for the primary endpoint</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" rowspan="2">Characteristics</th>
                    <th colspan="2">CRT Group</th>
                    <th colspan="2">No CRT Group</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th>NPV</th>
                    <th>PPV</th>
                    <th>NPV</th>
                    <th>PPV</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8804; 10 ml/kg/min</td>
                    <td align="center">89.0%</td>
                    <td align="center">30.8%</td>
                    <td align="center">89.1%</td>
                    <td align="center">26.7%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8804; 12 ml/kg/min<sup>1</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">98.4%</td>
                    <td align="center">27.5%</td>
                    <td align="center">93.3%</td>
                    <td align="center">27.2%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope &#8805; 35</td>
                    <td align="center">96.4%</td>
                    <td align="center">26.1%</td>
                    <td align="center">93.1%</td>
                    <td align="center">21.7%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>&#8804; 33 mmHg</td>
                    <td align="center">98.4%</td>
                    <td align="center">35.7%</td>
                    <td align="center">91.9%</td>
                    <td align="center">27.4%</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN6001">
                  <p>
                    <italic><sup>1</sup>pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8804; 12 ml/kg/min ou &#8804; 14 ml/kg/min without beta-blocker NPV: Negative predictive value; P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>: partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide at anaerobic threshold; pVO<sub>2</sub>: peak oxygen uptake; PPV: Positive predictive value; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>In the CRT group, P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>&#8804; 33 mmHg had slightly higher PPV and NPV values than the recommended pVO<sub>2</sub>cut-off.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>Previous trial have shown that the addition of CRT to optimal medical therapy or defibrillator therapy significantly reduces mortality among patients with HFrEF<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> and improves exercise capacity, leading to an increase in pVO<sub>2</sub>and a reduction of VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope, thereby safely delaying HT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> It has been recognized the need to review HT selection cut-offs due to the improvement in HF therapies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Based on the survival benefit conferred by CRT, and its effect on pVO<sub>2</sub>, it is unclear whether this is still a valid tool for HT selection. A work from 2011 suggested that the HFSS outperformed pVO<sub>2</sub>in risk stratification in the presence of a CIED and that a pVO<sub>2</sub>cut-off of 10 ml/kg/min would be more suitable.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Our analysis tried to address this unmet need in contemporary cardiology.</p>
        <p>There were crucial baseline differences between groups, as patients in CRT group were significantly older, more symptomatic, had a lower LVEF, higher mean natriuretic peptides levels, higher prevalence of AF and CKD, and a poorer exercise performance &#8211; lower baseline pVO<sub>2</sub>and higher VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope. However, this did not translate into a worse prognosis, as a similar proportion of patients met the primary endpoint in both groups (12.0% vs 13.2%, p = 0.660), with no significant difference in event-free survival (p = 0.856).</p>
        <p>As expected, pVO<sub>2</sub>presented an acceptable prognostic power, irrespective of the presence of a CRT device (p = 0.531). The VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>slope has been suggested to be more accurate than the current listing criteria for HT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> There was no difference between groups regarding its predictive power (p = 0.159), and its predictive ability, despite being numerically higher than that of pVO<sub>2</sub>, this difference did not reach statistical significance in any group.</p>
        <p>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>correlates with cardiac output in HF patients and can reflect disease severity, having a prognostic value independent of that of pVO<sub>2.</sub><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> A P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AR</sub>&lt; 33.0 mmHg or an increase &lt; 3 mmHg during exercise test were associated with a worse prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In CRT patients, P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AR</sub>, P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>and P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2DIF</sub>presented higher AUC values than pVO<sub>2</sub>, but this difference only reached statistical significance for P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>(p = 0.046). Patients with a P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>&#8804; 33.0 mmHg had a significantly lower 24-months survival free of events, not only in the CRT arm, but also in the overall cohort and in the no CRT group (p &lt; 0.001).</p>
        <p>A pVO<sub>2</sub>cut-off value of 10 ml/kg/min did not improve risk stratification in the CRT group, since it has a markedly lower NPV than the traditional cut-offs. There was no discrimination between the high-risk (pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8804;10 ml/min/kg) and the medium risk strata (10 &lt; pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8804; 12 ml/min/kg) regarding event-free survival during the first 24 months of follow-up in neither of the groups. The low-risk strata (pVO<sub>2</sub>&#8805;12 ml/min/kg) had a significantly better prognosis than the remainder strata, in both groups. The recommended cut-off value for VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>provided accurate 2 years-risk discrimination in the CRT group (72.6% vs 96.6%, p = 0.001).</p>
        <p>Despite CRT patients having a higher risk baseline profile in our study, this did not translate into a higher rate of events during follow-up. The current cut-off of pVO<sub>2</sub>for HT selection can stratify these high-risk patients more precisely than the suggested pVO<sub>2</sub>cut-off of 10ml/kg/min,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> irrespective of the presence of a CRT device.</p>
        <p>The low PPV and the high NPV of the analysed variables suggest that in the studied population all these parameters, when used individually, are best suited to identify patients who do not need HT.</p>
        <p>Our results suggest that advanced HF therapies can be safely withheld in HF patients, with pVO<sub>2</sub>&gt; 12 ml/kg/min (or 14 ml/kg/min in the absence of beta-blocker), irrespective of the presence of CRT device, as the event-rate in these population is low. Patients below this cut-off should be managed accordingly, and their timely referral for HT or MCS should be considered. The low PPV of the recommended cut-offs suggests that pVO<sub>2</sub>alone is insufficient to guide referral and other prognostic factors must be taken into account, such as, NYHA functional class, INTERMACS profile, LVEF, HFSS, recurrent planned and unplanned hospitalizations for HF or ventricular arrhythmias, persistent congestion/need for escalating diuretic doses or combining it with other CPET variables, such as P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>. The surprisingly low PPV might be explained by the fact that a significant proportion of our cohort performed a submaximal CPET, a setting on which pVO<sub>2</sub>may lose discriminative power.</p>
        <p>P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>may increase the prognostic value of CPET in HFrEF, irrespective of the presence of a CRT device, and eventually refine the predictive ability of the current CPET parameters used for HT referral decision.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Study limitations</title>
          <p>This was a single-centre experience, and therefore, the results can reflect our local practice and might not be applicable to other HF Centres.</p>
          <p>Secondly, despite a high number of patients were receiving guideline-approved neurohormonal blockade therapies, several patients were included in this analysis before the advent of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors &#8211; ARNI (&lt;10% of patients under ARNI). So, it is unclear if our results can be extrapolated to the sacubitril-valsartan era, as this drug has shown to have an impact on exercise capacity.The vast majority of the patients in the CRT cohort had a CRT-D device (98.4%), so it is unknown whether P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>and other CPET variables would retain their predictive ability in patients with</p>
          <p>CRT-P devices. As patients in the CRT arm had a theoretical higher risk baseline clinical profile, it would be expected that in the absence of a defibrillator, a higher proportion of these patients would meet the primary endpoint, due to higher rates of arrhythmic death. Fourth, there are no data regarding CRT response and it would be useful to compare these variables&#8217; performance between clinical/ echocardiographic responder and non-responders.Furthermore, pVO<sub>2</sub>and other CPET variables may lose some of their prognostic value in a submaximal setting.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> However, our total cohort presented a mean RER of 1.07 and the CRT group of 1.05, meaning that a substantial proportion of patients performed submaximal exercise, which may have an influence on each parameter&#8217;s performance.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>The performance of risk stratification tools in HF patients referred for HT was defined before the widespread use of CRT devices and there is limited data regarding their prognostic accuracy in these patients. Our findings suggest that the recommended pVO<sub>2</sub>and VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>cut-off values retain their discriminative ability in this setting; however, P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>may provide a higher predictive ability for adverse events in a 24-months follow-up in CRT patients. This parameter was an independent prognostic predictor in CRT patients and had a better performance in this population than in patients without a CRT. Further studies are required to assess the reproducibility of our data and if P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2AT</sub>can improve risk stratification when combined with pVO<sub>2</sub>.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Centro Hospitalar Central de Lisboa under the protocol number 1232. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
