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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">Wbsmys5h6BcpnPB3VmBmsrf</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000900411</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220558</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220558</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Outro Ator no Aumento da Circula&#231;&#227;o Colateral no Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Outro Potencial Alvo Terap&#234;utico na Medicina Cardiovascular?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6785-7506</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gowdak</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Henrique Wolff</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Luis Henrique Wolff Gowdak &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP 05466-040, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>luis.gowdak@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>411</fpage>
      <lpage>412</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Circula&#231;&#227;o Colateral</kwd>
        <kwd>Neovasculariza&#231;&#227;o Fisiol&#243;gica</kwd>
        <kwd>Adropina</kwd>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Richard Lower, de Amsterd&#227;, chamou a aten&#231;&#227;o em 1669 pela primeira vez para os canais que conectam as art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias direita e esquerda. O anatomista su&#237;&#231;o Albrecht von Haller demonstrou essas anastomoses dissecando as art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias. Assim, h&#225; s&#233;culos, a presen&#231;a de uma rede colateral bem desenvolvida fornecendo suprimento sangu&#237;neo para um mioc&#225;rdio subperfundido ganhou interesse significativo na fisiologia e fisiopatologia e, posteriormente, na terap&#234;utica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Muitas quest&#245;es mantiveram os cientistas trabalhando incansavelmente para desvendar os principais atores que favorecem o desenvolvimento de vasos colaterais no cora&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A circula&#231;&#227;o colateral coronariana &#233; uma rede pr&#233;-formada de anastomoses imaturas que conectam o territ&#243;rio suprido por uma art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria epic&#225;rdica com o suprido por outra. Em 1959, Pitt et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> estudaram a preval&#234;ncia de anastomoses coron&#225;rias interarteriais em setenta e cinco cora&#231;&#245;es obtidos de aut&#243;psia. Dos 15 cora&#231;&#245;es normais, apenas um (6%) apresentou tais anastomoses. Nos casos com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana oclusiva, fibrose do mioc&#225;rdio ou infarto, as anastomoses foram encontradas em 75% a 100% dos casos. Ficou claro, desde o in&#237;cio, que a presen&#231;a de per&#237;odos sustentados de isquemia tecidual era um pr&#233;-requisito para incitar o estabelecimento de circula&#231;&#227;o colateral.</p>
    <p>Por outro lado, muitos pacientes com angina ou evid&#234;ncia objetiva de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica n&#227;o desenvolvem tal rede de vasos. Os pacientes respondem diferentemente em sua capacidade de colateraliza&#231;&#227;o na presen&#231;a de isquemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Uma busca come&#231;ou a compreender por que...</p>
    <p>A forma&#231;&#227;o de vasos sangu&#237;neos no sistema cardiovascular maduro ocorre por meio de tr&#234;s processos din&#226;micos distintos: vasculog&#234;nese, angiog&#234;nese e arteriog&#234;nese. Esses sistemas s&#227;o influenciados por v&#225;rios fatores, incluindo sinaliza&#231;&#227;o e controle transcricional, mediadores sol&#250;veis e seus receptores, for&#231;as biomec&#226;nicas e hip&#243;xia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Por exemplo, a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o &#237;ndice de imunoinflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica (SII) e a circula&#231;&#227;o colateral coronariana (CCC) em pacientes com DAC est&#225;vel e oclus&#227;o total cr&#244;nica (OTC) foi estudada por Adali et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Eles descobriram que um n&#237;vel elevado de SII era significativamente relacionado &#224; m&#225; circula&#231;&#227;o colateral coronariana. Portanto, um &#237;ndice simples baseado em poucos exames laboratoriais pode ser muito informativo na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica como preditor da capacidade de forma&#231;&#227;o de colaterais de um paciente.</p>
    <p>Agora, outro ator potencial no desenvolvimento de colateral coronariana emerge do trabalho de Akkaya et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> publicado nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos ABC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Eles procuraram determinar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre os n&#237;veis de adropina com a presen&#231;a de circula&#231;&#227;o colateral em pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coronariana cr&#244;nica. Encontraram um aumento de 27% nos n&#237;veis m&#233;dios de adropina em pacientes com boa circula&#231;&#227;o colateral coronariana em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com m&#225; circula&#231;&#227;o colateral coronariana. Como os autores corretamente notaram, desenvolver uma boa rede de colaterais demanda tempo, e um &#250;nico instante desse processo deve ser entendido como reflexo daquele momento espec&#237;fico. Se deixarmos passar tempo suficiente, talvez o quadro seja diferente.</p>
    <p>&#192; medida que as pesquisas avan&#231;am, novos fatores angiog&#234;nicos s&#227;o relatados com maior frequ&#234;ncia, expondo a complexidade do crescimento vascular em condi&#231;&#245;es isqu&#234;micas. Em algum momento, os cientistas sentiram-se confiantes de que poderiam recapitular o processo natural de crescimento vascular atrav&#233;s da hiperexpress&#227;o de fatores angiog&#234;nicos espec&#237;ficos no novo campo da terapia g&#234;nica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Infelizmente, os ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados com essa abordagem n&#227;o tiveram o sucesso esperado, e o entusiasmo inicial foi substitu&#237;do pela decep&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>O trabalho de Akkaya et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> acrescenta &#224; crescente literatura explorando o papel da adropina, um horm&#244;nio pept&#237;dico secretado principalmente pelo f&#237;gado, em condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas t&#227;o diversas como cardiomiopatia diab&#233;tica, apneia obstrutiva do sono ou doen&#231;a inflamat&#243;ria intestinal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Como a adropina surgiu como um componente regulat&#243;rio essencial do endot&#233;lio vascular, afetando a s&#237;ntese endotelial de NO, podemos prever que &#233; uma quest&#227;o de tempo para que a adropina seja considerada um alvo terap&#234;utico na medicina cardiovascular.</p>
    <p>Se precisarmos de outro exemplo da import&#226;ncia de se manter um di&#225;logo aberto entre a ci&#234;ncia b&#225;sica e a cl&#237;nica, o artigo de Akkaya et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> oferece exatamente isso.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Rela&#231;&#227;o entre N&#237;veis de Adropina e Circula&#231;&#227;o Colateral Coron&#225;ria em Pacientes com S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Cr&#244;nica</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Another Player in Increasing Collateral Circulation in the Heart &#8211; Another Potential Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Medicine?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6785-7506</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gowdak</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Henrique Wolff</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Luis Henrique Wolff Gowdak &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05466-040, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: luis.gowdak@incor.usp.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Collateral Circulation</kwd>
        <kwd>Neovascularization, Physiologc</kwd>
        <kwd>Adropin</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial, Ischemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Richard Lower of Amsterdam first called attention to channels connecting the right and left coronary arteries in 1669.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The Swiss anatomist Albrecht von Haller demonstrated these anastomoses by dissecting the coronary arteries. So, for centuries now, the presence of a well-developed collateral network providing blood supply to an underperfused myocardium has gained significant interest in physiology and physiopathology, and later, in therapeutics. Many questions kept scientists working restlessly to unravel the key players favoring the development of collateral vessels in the heart.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The coronary collateral circulation is a preformed network of immature anastomoses which connect the territory supplied by one epicardial coronary artery with that supplied by another. In 1959, Pitt et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> studied the prevalence of interarterial coronary anastomoses in seventy-five hearts obtained from an autopsy. Of the 15 normal hearts, only one (6%) was found to have such anastomoses. In those cases with occlusive coronary artery disease, myocardium fibrosis, or infarction, anastomoses were found in 75% to 100% of the cases. It was clear, from the beginning, that the presence of sustained periods of tissue ischemia was a pre-requisite to incite de establishment of collateral circulation.</p>
      <p>On the other hand, many patients with angina or objective evidence of myocardial ischemia failed to develop such a network of vessels. Patients responded differently in their capacity for collateralization in the presence of ischemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A quest began to comprehend why...</p>
      <p>The formation of blood vessels in the mature cardiovascular system occurs through three distinct dynamic processes: vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis. These systems are influenced by various factors, including signaling and transcriptional control, soluble mediators and their receptors, biomechanical forces, and hypoxia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>For instance, the relationship between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in patients with stable CAD and chronic total occlusion (CTO) was studied by Adali et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> They found that a high SII level was significantly related to poor coronary collateral circulation. Therefore, a simple index based on a few laboratory tests could be very informative in clinical practice as a predictor of a patient&#180;s capability of collateral formation.</p>
      <p>Now, another potential player in coronary collateral development emerges from the work of Akkaya et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> published in this issue of the ABC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> They sought to determine the association between adropin levels with the presence of collateral circulation in patients with chronic coronary syndrome. They found a 27% increase in the mean adropin levels in patients with good compared to patients with poor coronary collateral circulation. As the authors correctly noted, developing a good network of collaterals demands time, and a single snapshot of this process must be understood as reflecting that particular moment. If we allow enough time to elapse, perhaps the picture will be different.</p>
      <p>As research progresses, novel angiogenic factors are reported with increased frequency, exposing the complexity of the vascular growth in ischemic conditions. At some point, scientists felt confident they could recapitulate the natural process of vascular growth through hyperexpression of specific angiogenic factors in the new field of gene therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Unfortunately, randomized clinical trials with this approach did not succeed as expected, and the early enthusiasm was replaced by disappointment.</p>
      <p>The work of Akkaya et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> adds to the growing literature exploring the role of adropin, a peptide hormone secreted primarily by the liver, in clinical conditions as diverse as diabetic cardiomyopathy, obstructive sleep apnea, or inflammatory bowel disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Because adropin emerged as an essential regulatory component of the vascular endothelium by affecting endothelial NO synthesis, we may foresee that it is a matter of time when adropin will be considered a therapeutic target in cardiovascular medicine.</p>
      <p>If one needs another example of the importance of keeping an open dialog between basic and clinical science, the paper by Akkaya et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> offers just that.</p>
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            <italic>Short editorial related to the article: Assessment of the Relat&#305;onsh&#305;p Between the Adrop&#305;n Levels and the Coronary Collateral C&#305;rculat&#305;on in Pat&#305;ents w&#305;th Chron&#305;c Coronary Syndrome</italic>
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