<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">38wVvkn6cRq7WxV7jLQ4kQt</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000900380</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220462</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220462</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>PM20D1 pode ser um Novo Garoto no Bairro na Estratifica&#231;&#227;o de Risco Cardiovascular? N&#227;o Corra Antes de Poder Andar</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6061-9663</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tim&#243;teo</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Santa Marta</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio Lisboa Central</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia, Hospital Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio Lisboa Central, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">NOVA Medical School</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">NOVA Medical School, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Ana Teresa Tim&#243;teo &#8226; Hospital Santa Marta - Rua Santa Marta, 50 Lisboa 1110 - Portugal E-mail: <email>ana_timoteo@yahoo.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>380</fpage>
      <lpage>381</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>PM20D1</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Neurodegenerativas</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Metab&#243;lica</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a de Alzheimer</kwd>
        <kwd>Resist&#234;ncia a Insulina</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a das Art&#233;rias Car&#243;tidas</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares s&#227;o a principal causa de morte no mundo, representando cerca de 30% de todas as mortes, principalmente em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos, incluindo doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, na an&#225;lise do relat&#243;rio <italic>Global Burden of Diseases 2019</italic> , os fatores de risco cardiovascular representam 75% de toda a carga cardiovascular, principalmente a hipertens&#227;o, com importante impacto na mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Isso tamb&#233;m &#233; relevante nos pa&#237;ses de l&#237;ngua portuguesa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A espessura m&#233;dia-intimal carot&#237;dea &#233; reconhecida h&#225; muito tempo como um marcador substituto para doen&#231;a arterial coronariana e tem um impacto progn&#243;stico relevante.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Por isso, &#233; uma ferramenta &#250;til na estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular.</p>
    <p>N-acil amino&#225;cidos (NAAA) s&#227;o uma fam&#237;lia de lip&#237;dios circulantes induz&#237;veis pelo frio que estimulam a termog&#234;nese, e sua bioss&#237;ntese em adip&#243;citos marrons &#233; mediada por uma enzima secretada chamada dom&#237;nio Peptidase M20 contendo 1 (PM20D1).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A regula&#231;&#227;o da atividade de PM20D1 e NAAA no plasma sangu&#237;neo ainda &#233; amplamente desconhecida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> No entanto, o que j&#225; se sabe &#233; que a PM20D1 circula em estreita associa&#231;&#227;o com lipoprote&#237;nas de baixa e alta densidade que s&#227;o poderosos coativadores da atividade da PM20D1 in vitro e a bioss&#237;ntese de NAAA in vivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A albumina s&#233;rica tamb&#233;m &#233; um carreador fisiol&#243;gico de NAAA que separa NAAA de seus locais de produ&#231;&#227;o, conferindo resist&#234;ncia &#224; degrada&#231;&#227;o hidrol&#237;tica e estabelecendo um equil&#237;brio entre fra&#231;&#245;es termog&#234;nicas &#8220;livres&#8221; versus inativas &#8220;ligadas&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Anormalidades no gene PM20D1 t&#234;m sido associadas a diversas doen&#231;as, principalmente doen&#231;as neurodegenerativas, como Alzheimer e Parkinson.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> H&#225; tamb&#233;m associa&#231;&#227;o com s&#237;ndrome do ov&#225;rio polic&#237;stico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Em humanos, n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos aumentados de PM20D1 e seus produtos catal&#237;ticos (NAAA) tamb&#233;m est&#227;o associados &#224; desregula&#231;&#227;o glic&#234;mica relacionada &#224; obesidade, resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina e s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica e podem ser potencialmente usados como biomarcadores cl&#237;nicos para diagn&#243;stico e monitoramento desses dist&#250;rbios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O artigo publicado por Huang et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> no presente n&#250;mero de Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia analisaram o papel da PM20D1 na aterosclerose carot&#237;dea (AC). Estudaram prospectivamente 231 pacientes com AC estabelecida (avaliada por ultrassonografia carot&#237;dea) e os compararam com o mesmo n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis. Alguns pacientes do grupo AC foram avaliados no contexto de acidente vascular cerebral agudo. As caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas basais foram bem equilibradas entre os dois grupos. Como esperado, os pacientes com AC moderada a grave (incluindo aqueles com acidente vascular cerebral) apresentaram n&#237;veis mais elevados de marcadores inflamat&#243;rios, placas carot&#237;deas mais inst&#225;veis e n&#237;veis mais elevados de colesterol LDL em compara&#231;&#227;o com indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis e de gravidade leve a moderada. Os pacientes com AC apresentaram n&#237;veis mais baixos de PM20D1 em compara&#231;&#227;o com indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis. Tamb&#233;m, os pacientes com placas inst&#225;veis e AC mais grave apresentaram n&#237;veis significativamente mais baixos. Este biomarcador tamb&#233;m est&#225; negativamente correlacionado com marcadores inflamat&#243;rios, mas n&#227;o com perfis lip&#237;dicos. Nenhuma diferen&#231;a foi encontrada de acordo com o &#237;ndice de massa corporal. Este biomarcador apresentou boa acur&#225;cia discriminativa pela an&#225;lise da curva ROC para AC (limite 5,4 ng/mL) e AC grave (3,99 ng/mL). Infelizmente, apenas relatam dados de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria para as vari&#225;veis estudadas. Por esse motivo, n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel confirmar com os dados dispon&#237;veis se este novo biomarcador &#233; um preditor independente de desfecho e se tem valor progn&#243;stico agregado em rela&#231;&#227;o aos par&#226;metros cl&#225;ssicos. Al&#233;m disso, os autores observaram que pacientes com n&#237;veis mais altos de PM20D1 apresentaram n&#237;veis mais baixos de colesterol LDL. No entanto, ao contr&#225;rio do relato dos autores, n&#227;o foi observada correla&#231;&#227;o significativa (coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o -0,071, p=0,126). Os autores n&#227;o explicaram esse achado; se colocarmos em contexto, a rela&#231;&#227;o entre eles est&#225; agora em quest&#227;o. Por esse motivo, ainda existem importantes quest&#245;es n&#227;o respondidas sobre a intera&#231;&#227;o entre os dois.</p>
    <p>No geral, este estudo lan&#231;ou alguma luz inicial sobre o poss&#237;vel papel dessa via na AC. No entanto, v&#225;rias quest&#245;es permanecem sem resposta, e tamb&#233;m carece de informa&#231;&#245;es adicionais sobre a aplicabilidade cl&#237;nica do m&#233;todo, principalmente na pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria, j&#225; que esse par&#226;metro ainda n&#227;o est&#225; pronto para uso cl&#237;nico.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global Burden of 369 Diseases and Injuries in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020; 396(10258):1204-22.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Global Burden of 369 Diseases and Injuries in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019</article-title>
          <source>Lancet.</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>396</volume>
          <issue>10258</issue>
          <fpage>1204</fpage>
          <lpage>1222</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Nascimento BR, Brant LCC, Naback ADN, Veloso GA, Polanczyk CA, Ribeiro ALP, et al. Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Attributable to Risk Factors in Portuguese-Speaking Countries: Data from the &#8220;Global Burden of Disease 2019&#8221; Study. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 118: 1028-48. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210680">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210680</ext-link> </mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nascimento</surname>
              <given-names>BR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brant</surname>
              <given-names>LCC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Naback</surname>
              <given-names>ADN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Veloso</surname>
              <given-names>GA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Polanczyk</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>ALP</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Attributable to Risk Factors in Portuguese-Speaking Countries: Data from the &#8220;Global Burden of Disease 2019&#8221; Study</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>118</volume>
          <fpage>1028</fpage>
          <lpage>1048</lpage>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210680">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210680</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Tim&#243;teo AT, Mota Carmo M, Soares C, Ferreira RC. Has carotid intima-media thickness prognostic impact in patients with high cardiovascular risk? A long-term cohort study. Echocardiography.2019;36(1):125-32. Doi:10.1111/echo.14207</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tim&#243;teo</surname>
              <given-names>AT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mota Carmo</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Soares</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ferreira</surname>
              <given-names>RC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Has carotid intima-media thickness prognostic impact in patients with high cardiovascular risk? A long-term cohort study</article-title>
          <source>Echocardiography</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>36</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>125</fpage>
          <lpage>132</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/echo.14207</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Kim JT, Jedrychowski MP, Wei W, Fernandez D, Fischer CR, Banik SM, et al. A Plasma Protein Network Regulates PM20D1 and N-Acyl Amino Acid Bioactivity. Cell Chem Biol 020;27(9):1130-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.04.009.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
              <given-names>JT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jedrychowski</surname>
              <given-names>MP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wei</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fernandez</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fischer</surname>
              <given-names>CR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Banik</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>A Plasma Protein Network Regulates PM20D1 and N-Acyl Amino Acid Bioactivity</article-title>
          <source>Cell Chem Biol</source>
          <comment>020</comment>
          <volume>27</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>1130</fpage>
          <lpage>1139</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.04.009</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. P&#233;rez RF, Alba-Linares JJ, Tejedor JR, Fern&#225;ndez AF, Calero M, Rom&#225;n-Dom&#237;nguez A, et al. Blood DNA methylation patterns in older adults with evolving dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.2022; mar 17.: glac068. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glac068</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>P&#233;rez</surname>
              <given-names>RF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Alba-Linares</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tejedor</surname>
              <given-names>JR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fern&#225;ndez</surname>
              <given-names>AF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Calero</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rom&#225;n-Dom&#237;nguez</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Blood DNA methylation patterns in older adults with evolving dementia</article-title>
          <source>J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <month>03</month>
          <day>17</day>
          <comment>glac068</comment>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/gerona/glac068</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6. Rudakou U, Yu E, Krohn L, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Dauvilliers Y, et al. Targeted sequencing of Parkinson&#8217;s disease loci genes highlights SYT11, FGF20 and other associations. Brain. 2021;144(2):462-72. /doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa401</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rudakou</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yu</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Krohn</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ruskey</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Asayesh</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dauvilliers</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Targeted sequencing of Parkinson&#8217;s disease loci genes highlights SYT11, FGF20 and other associations</article-title>
          <source>Brain</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>144</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>462</fpage>
          <lpage>472</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/brain/awaa401</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7. Sun Q, Gao Y, Yang J, Lu J, Feng W, Yang W. Mendelian Randomization Analysis Identified Potential Genes Pleiotropically Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci. 2022;29(3):1028-37. Doi:10.1007/s43032-021-00776-z</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sun</surname>
              <given-names>Q</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gao</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lu</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Feng</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yang</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Mendelian Randomization Analysis Identified Potential Genes Pleiotropically Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</article-title>
          <source>Reprod Sci</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>29</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>1028</fpage>
          <lpage>1037</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s43032-021-00776-z</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8. Yang R, Hu Y, Lee CH, Liu Y, Diaz-Canestro C, Fong CHY, et al. PM20D1 is a circulating biomarker closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021;186(2):151-61. doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0847.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Yang</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hu</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>CH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Diaz-Canestro</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fong</surname>
              <given-names>CHY</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>PM20D1 is a circulating biomarker closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome</article-title>
          <source>Eur J Endocrinol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>186</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>151</fpage>
          <lpage>161</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1530/EJE-21-0847</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9. Huang X, He P, Wu L. Clinical Significance of Peptidase M20 Domain Containing 1 in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022; 119(3):372-379.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Huang</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>He</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wu</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical Significance of Peptidase M20 Domain Containing 1 in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>119</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>372</fpage>
          <lpage>379</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Significado Cl&#237;nico do Dom&#237;nio da Peptidase M20 Contendo 1 em Pacientes com Aterosclerose Carot&#237;dea</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Can PM20D1 be a New Kid on the Block in Cardiovascular Risk Stratification? Do Not Run before You Can Walk</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6061-9663</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tim&#243;teo</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia, Hospital Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio Lisboa Central, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">NOVA Medical School, Lisboa - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Ana Teresa Tim&#243;teo &#8226; Hospital Santa Marta - Rua Santa Marta, 50 Lisboa 1110 - Portugal E-mail: ana_timoteo@yahoo.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>PM20D1</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Neurodegenerative Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesity</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus Type 2</kwd>
        <kwd>Metabolic, Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Alzheimer Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Insulin Resistance</kwd>
        <kwd>Carotid Artery Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, representing around 30% of all deaths, particularly in developed countries, including cardiovascular and cerebral-vascular diseases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Furthermore, in the analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 report, cardiovascular risk factors represent 75% of all cardiovascular burden, particularly hypertension, with an important impact on mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> This is also relevant in Portuguese-speaking countries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Carotid intima-media thickness has long been recognized as a surrogate marker for coronary artery disease and has a relevant prognostic impact.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> For that reason, it is a useful tool in cardiovascular risk stratification.</p>
      <p>N-acyl amino acids (NAAA) are a family of cold-inducible circulating lipids that stimulate thermogenesis, and their biosynthesis in brown adipocytes is mediated by a secreted enzyme called Peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> PM20D1 and NAAA activity regulation in blood plasma is still largely unknown.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> However, what is already known is that PM20D1 circulates in tight association with both low- and high-density lipoproteins that are powerful co-activators of PM20D1 activity in vitro and NAAA biosynthesis in vivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Serum albumin is also a physiologic NAAA carrier that separates NAAA away from their sites of production, conferring resistance to hydrolytic degradation and establishing an equilibrium between thermogenic &#8220;free&#8221; versus inactive &#8220;bound&#8221; fractions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> It has been hypothesized that lipoprotein particles are probably the main extracellular sites of NAAA biosynthesis, and this supports the concept that a lipoprotein-albumin network regulates the activity of circulating thermogenic lipid family.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Abnormalities in the PM20D1 gene have been associated with several diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer&#8217;s and Parkinson&#8217;s disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> There is also an association with polycystic ovarian syndrome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> In humans, Increased serum levels of PM20D1 and its catalytic products (NAAA) are also associated with obesity-related glucose dysregulation, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome and can be potentially used as clinical biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring these disorders.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The paper published by Huang et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> in the present issue of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> studied the role of PM20D1 in carotid atherosclerosis (CA). They prospectively studied 231 patients with established CA (assessed by carotid ultrasound) and compared them with the same number of healthy individuals. Some patients in the CA group were assessed in the context of acute stroke. Baseline clinical characteristics were well balanced between both groups. As expected, patients with moderate to severe CA (including those with stroke) had higher levels of inflammatory markers, more unstable carotid plaques and higher LDL cholesterol levels compared with mild to moderate severity and healthy individuals. Patients with CA had lower levels of PM20D1 compared to healthy individuals. Also, patients with unstable plaques and more severe CA had significantly lower levels. This biomarker is also negatively correlated with inflammatory markers but not lipid profiles. No difference was found according to body mass index. This biomarker showed good discriminative accuracy by ROC curve analysis for CA (cut-off 5.4 ng/mL) and severe CA (3.99 ng/mL). Unfortunately, they only report binary logistic regression data for the studied variables. For that reason, it is not possible to confirm with the available data whether this new biomarker is an independent predictor of outcome and if it has added prognostic value compared to the classical parameters. Also, the authors observed that patients with higher levels of PM20D1 had lower LDL cholesterol levels. However, contrary to the authors&#8217; report, no significant correlation was observed (correlation coefficient -0.071, p=0.126). The authors did not explain this finding; their relationship is now in question if we put it into context. For that reason, there are still important unanswered questions regarding the interaction between both players.</p>
      <p>Overall, this study shed some initial light on the possible role of this pathway for CA. However, multiple questions remain unanswered, and it also lacks additional information on the clinical applicability of the method, particularly in daily practice, because this parameter is not yet ready for its clinical use.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Clinical Significance of Peptidase M20 Domain Containing 1 Ii Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
