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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">6KJNDdW6P4wKrhmR65RGFZk</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000800265</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220508</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220508</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Circunfer&#234;ncia da Cintura: Um Par&#226;metro Desfavor&#225;vel para a Sa&#250;de Vascular</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6352-3330</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Campana</surname>
            <given-names>Erika Maria Gon&#231;alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7040-396X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o SAMCORDIS</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o SAMCORDIS, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Seacor</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Seacor, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Erika Maria Gon&#231;alves Campana</bold> &#8226; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; Cardiologia-Hipertens&#227;o &#8211; Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77. CEP <postal-code>20551-030</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>campanaemg@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>265</fpage>
      <lpage>266</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Aterosclerose</kwd>
        <kwd>Rigidez Vascular</kwd>
        <kwd>Dislipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Circunfer&#234;ncia da Cintura</kwd>
        <kwd>An&#225;lise de Onda de Pulso</kwd>
        <kwd>Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Resultados (Cuidados de Sa&#250;de)</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A obesidade tem papel central nas doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas n&#227;o transmiss&#237;veis, pela sua alta preval&#234;ncia e forte rela&#231;&#227;o com fatores de risco como hipertens&#227;o arterial (HA), dislipidemia, diabetes mellitus, e com morbidade e mortalidade. Em especial, a obesidade abdominal tem sido reconhecida como um fator de risco emergente para um status inflamat&#243;rio e pro-tromb&#243;tico que se associa a aumento da preval&#234;ncia de HA e do risco de eventos cardiovasculares (CV). Esses dados s&#227;o de import&#226;ncia fundamental em um cen&#225;rio de preval&#234;ncia crescente de obesidade em adultos bem como entre crian&#231;as e adolescentes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Resultados do Estudo do Rio de Janeiro<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> mostraram associa&#231;&#227;o desfavor&#225;vel entre n&#237;veis elevados da press&#227;o arterial (PA) e excesso de peso em adolescentes e maiores valores de PA e de vari&#225;veis antropom&#233;tricas e metab&#243;licas na fase adulta jovem.</p>
    <p>Nos &#250;ltimos anos, o entendimento do <italic>continuum</italic> CV tem evolu&#237;do e a doen&#231;a CV tem sido vista no contexto do dano vascular. Nesse, a disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial, que resulta na doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica e suas complica&#231;&#245;es, envolve a camada m&#233;dia das grandes art&#233;rias, acometida por um processo de envelhecimento acelerado do vaso, resultando em rigidez arterial mais precoce e arteriosclerose, o que contribui para a morbidade e mortalidade CV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A velocidade de onda de pulso (VOP) &#233; o par&#226;metro n&#227;o invasivo de rigidez arterial mais estudado e com aplica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica reconhecida. Metan&#225;lise<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> demonstrou que, para cada aumento de 1m/s na VOP, havia um aumento de 14% nos eventos CV totais, de 15% na mortalidade CV e de 15% na mortalidade total. Assim, a rigidez arterial &#233; um forte preditor de eventos CV e de mortalidade total, de forma que as principais diretrizes mundiais recomendam a avalia&#231;&#227;o da VOP para a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco CV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O artigo em quest&#227;o de Guimaraes et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> mostrou a rela&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura (CC) e a VOP e <italic>augmentation index</italic> (AIx). Os autores sugeriram que a CC, aferida de maneira simples e barata, pode estar relacionada ao dano vascular e assim ter papel na avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco CV e contribuir para o tratamento precoce e a preven&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;a CV.</p>
    <p>Estudos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> sobre a associa&#231;&#227;o entre rigidez arterial, PA e vari&#225;veis antropom&#233;tricas e metab&#243;licas t&#234;m mostrado resultados variados; admite-se que a a&#231;&#227;o conjunta dos fatores de risco CV &#233; o principal determinante para o dano vascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em idosos, um estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> relatou associa&#231;&#245;es significativas entre VOP, idade, PA, CC, massa corporal gorda e leptina; entretanto em regress&#227;o log&#237;stica, apenas a leptina alta e a adiponectina baixa foram preditores de rigidez arterial. Outro estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> demonstrou que quanto maior a massa muscular, menor a rigidez arterial em idosos longevos, sem rela&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica entre VOP e composi&#231;&#227;o corporal. Por outro lado, outro estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> mostrou associa&#231;&#227;o da VOP com CC, rela&#231;&#227;o cintura-quadril e &#225;rea de gordura visceral, mas n&#227;o com &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC); na an&#225;lise multivariada, apenas a rela&#231;&#227;o cintura-quadril e &#225;rea de gordura visceral mantiveram rela&#231;&#227;o com a VOP.</p>
    <p>Em adultos jovens, estudo sueco<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> n&#227;o encontrou associa&#231;&#245;es entre espessura da &#237;ntima m&#233;dia de car&#243;tida e a composi&#231;&#227;o corporal. Por&#233;m, a distensibilidade arterial mostrou associa&#231;&#245;es mais fortes com as medidas de composi&#231;&#227;o corporal tanto em mulheres como nos homens. An&#225;lise do Estudo do Rio de Janeiro<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> em popula&#231;&#227;o adulta jovem encontrou correla&#231;&#227;o significativa e positiva da VOP com PA, IMC, e lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade (LDL-colesterol) e negativa com lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade (HDL-colesterol) e adiponectina. Entretanto, na an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o m&#250;ltipla, apenas o sexo masculino e a PA mantiveram correla&#231;&#227;o significativa com a VOP. Estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> em crian&#231;as obesas mostrou que a estrutura e elasticidade arterial s&#227;o afetadas negativamente pelo excesso de peso e n&#237;veis de PA.</p>
    <p>Portanto, o artigo em quest&#227;o<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> traz contribui&#231;&#227;o relevante para o entendimento dos determinantes do dano vascular e o papel dos fatores de risco tradicionais e emergentes, incluindo vari&#225;veis antropom&#233;tricas simples como a CC. Os autores apresentam informa&#231;&#245;es fundamentais para o potencial uso futuro dessa medida como alvo terap&#234;utico e como biomarcador da melhora da estrutura da parede arterial e efetiva redu&#231;&#227;o do risco CV.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Correla&#231;&#227;o entre a Circunfer&#234;ncia de Cintura e Medidas Centrais da Press&#227;o Arterial</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Waist Circumference: A Parameter of Vascular Health</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6352-3330</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Campana</surname>
            <given-names>Erika Maria Gon&#231;alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7040-396X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o SAMCORDIS, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Seacor, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Erika Maria Gon&#231;alves Campana</bold> &#8226; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; Cardiologia-Hipertens&#227;o &#8211; Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77. Postal code <postal-code>20551-030</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>campanaemg@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Pressure</kwd>
        <kwd>Atherosclerosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Vascular Stiffness</kwd>
        <kwd>Dyslipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Waist Circumference</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulse Wave Analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>Outcome Assessment (Health Care)</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Obesity plays a central role in chronic noncommunicable diseases due to its high prevalence and strong correlation with risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and morbidity and mortality. In particular, abdominal obesity has been renowned as an emerging risk factor for an inflammatory and prothrombotic state, which is associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension and increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. These data are of utmost importance in the scenario of increasing prevalence of obesity not only in adults, but also among children and adolescents.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Results of a study conducted in Rio de Janeiro<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> showed an unfavorable relationship of elevated blood pressure (BP) and excess weight in adolescents with increased BP levels and anthropometric and metabolic variables in young adults.</p>
      <p>Over the last years, the understanding of the CV continuum has grown, and CV disease has been seen in the context of vascular damage. In this sense, endothelial dysfunction, which results in atherosclerotic disease and its complications, involves the tunica media of large arteries, affected by an accelerated aging of the vessel, resulting in early arterial stiffness and arteriosclerosis, which in turn contributes to CV morbidity and mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the most studied non-invasive parameter of arterial stiffness with renowned clinical application. A meta-analysis<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> showed that, for every increase of 1m/s in PWV, there was an increase by 14% in overall cardiovascular events, 15% in CV mortality and 15% in overall mortality. Therefore, arterial stiffness is a strong predictor of CV events and overall mortality, and the main international guidelines have recommended the measurement of PWV for CV risk stratification.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The article by Guimar&#227;es et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> showed a positive relationship of waist circumference (WC) and PWV with augmentation index (AIx). The authors suggested that WC, measured in a simple and cheap way, may be associated with vascular damage, and hence play a role in the assessment of CV risk and contribute to the early treatment and prevention of CV disease.</p>
      <p>Studies<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> on the association between arterial stiffness, BP and anthropometric and metabolic variables have yielded varied results; it is believed that the combined action of CV risk factors is the main determinant of vascular damage.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the elderly, a study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> reported significant associations between PWV, age, BP, WC, fat body mass, and leptin. However, the logistic regression revealed that only elevated leptin and low adiponectin were predictors of arterial stiffness. Another study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> demonstrated that the greater the muscle mass, the lower the arterial stiffness in long-lived adults, with no statistical relationship between PWV and body composition. On the other hand, another study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> showed an association of PWV with WC, waist-hip ratio, and visceral fat area, but not with body mass index (BMI); in the multivariate analysis, only waist-hip ratio and visceral fat area were associated with PWV.</p>
      <p>In young adults, a Swedish study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> did not find an association between carotid intima-media thickness and body composition. However, arterial distensibility had the strongest associations with body composition measurements in both women and men. Analysis of the Rio de Janeiro study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> revealed a significant positive correlation of PWV with BP, BMI, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and adiponectin in young adults. Nevertheless, in the multiple regression analysis, only male sex and BP had a significant correlation with PWV. A study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> with obese children showed that arterial structure and elasticity are negatively affected by excess weight and BP levels.</p>
      <p>Therefore, the article under discussion<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> makes important contributions to the understanding of determinants of vascular damage and the role of traditional and emerging risk factors, including simple anthropometric variables like WC. The authors present key information for the potential use of this measure as a therapeutic target and as a biomarker of improvement of the arterial wall structure and effective CV risk reduction.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Correlation among Waist Circumference and Central Measures of Blood Pressure</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
