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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">WqCZR7FxcghCvzpLwZBNxLp</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000800255</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220373</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220373</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Baseada em Exerc&#237;cios para Pacientes Pr&#233; e P&#243;s Transplante de &#211;rg&#227;os S&#243;lidos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3594-0751</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nery</surname>
            <given-names>Rosane Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Grupo de pesquisa em cardiologia do exerc&#237;cio (CardioEx)</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Grupo de pesquisa em cardiologia do exerc&#237;cio (CardioEx), Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Rosane Maria Nery</bold> &#8226; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Servi&#231;o de Fisiatria e Reabilita&#231;&#227;o - Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. CEP <postal-code>90035-903</postal-code>, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil. E-mail: <email>rosane.nery@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>255</fpage>
      <lpage>256</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Transplantes de Org&#227;os/reabilita&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Imunologia de Transplantes</kwd>
        <kwd>Atividade F&#237;sica</kwd>
        <kwd>Transplante de Rim</kwd>
        <kwd>Transplante de F&#237;gado</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, in&#250;meros avan&#231;os na &#225;rea do transplante de &#243;rg&#227;os s&#243;lidos (TOS) culminaram em uma maior sobrevida dos pacientes, repercutindo em um aumento consider&#225;vel no n&#250;mero de transplantes realizados no mundo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O TOS &#233; uma interven&#231;&#227;o que salva vidas em portadores de doen&#231;a card&#237;aca, pulmonar, renal ou hep&#225;tica. Apesar de os receptores obterem uma melhora, tanto na capacidade funcional quanto na qualidade de vida (QV), estas ainda n&#227;o equivalem aos mesmos n&#237;veis dos indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O longo per&#237;odo de espera, causado pela falta de doadores de &#243;rg&#227;os, muitas vezes faz com que os pacientes n&#227;o estejam preparados para o transplante, n&#227;o apenas fisicamente, mas tamb&#233;m mentalmente. Al&#233;m dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares cl&#225;ssicos, ainda temos a falta de ades&#227;o do paciente aos programas, d&#233;ficits de conhecimento sobre as regras de conduta ap&#243;s transplante, n&#227;o aceita&#231;&#227;o do novo &#243;rg&#227;o, medo da rejei&#231;&#227;o, falta de uma rotina de exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos, estrat&#233;gias de enfrentamento e quest&#245;es de sa&#250;de ocupacional e direito social.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A reabilita&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma parte essencial do cuidado contempor&#226;neo de pacientes antes e depois do transplante. O que se busca &#233; a melhora da sobrevida do enxerto e a redu&#231;&#227;o de mortes por infec&#231;&#227;o/rejei&#231;&#227;o. Os programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o t&#234;m objetivos profil&#225;ticos e terap&#234;uticos, atendendo as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de manter melhorias na QV, reduzir a morbidade por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e melhorar a sobrevida a longo prazo em receptores de transplante.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Por isso, uma maior aten&#231;&#227;o deve ser dada &#224;s interven&#231;&#245;es p&#243;s-cir&#250;rgicas que auxiliam no manejo individualizado destes pacientes e que podem resultar em um melhor progn&#243;stico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Entre as interven&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas p&#243;s-cir&#250;rgicas, o treinamento f&#237;sico merece destaque, estando associado &#224; melhora significativa da toler&#226;ncia ao exerc&#237;cio e a capacidade funcional, redu&#231;&#227;o da incapacidade, e diminui&#231;&#227;o da morbidade cardiovascular e mortalidade. Este tem se mostrado ben&#233;fico tamb&#233;m em v&#225;rios grupos de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas que podem levar a TOS. Sabe-se que existe uma limita&#231;&#227;o da capacidade de realiza&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos em indiv&#237;duos pr&#233; TOS, sendo que, a maioria dos estudos tem se concentrado em candidatos a transplante de cora&#231;&#227;o e pulm&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Entretanto, pessoas com doen&#231;a renal ou hep&#225;tica cr&#244;nicas tamb&#233;m demonstram limita&#231;&#245;es na capacidade de exerc&#237;cio pr&#233;-transplante, muitas vezes devido a consequ&#234;ncias secund&#225;rias do desuso, como fraqueza muscular, e n&#227;o como consequ&#234;ncia de seu processo prim&#225;rio de doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Nestes indiv&#237;duos a limita&#231;&#227;o do consumo de oxig&#234;nio de pico parece estar relacionada &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o muscular perif&#233;rica e n&#227;o a fatores centrais, como limita&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares ou respirat&#243;rias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Apesar das evid&#234;ncias mostrando os potenciais benef&#237;cios do exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico para pacientes tanto pr&#233; quanto p&#243;s TOS, existe uma grande car&#234;ncia de locais que ofere&#231;am este atendimento de forma mais global. Isso piorou muito ap&#243;s o evento do COVID-19 que restringiu mais ainda o acesso aos centros de reabilita&#231;&#227;o. Uma grande propor&#231;&#227;o de receptores de TOS praticam baixos n&#237;veis de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico e enfrentam barreiras para serem fisicamente ativos.</p>
    <p>O estudo de Ribeiro et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> sugere uma estrat&#233;gia onde, ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-participa&#231;&#227;o, na aus&#234;ncia de contraindica&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular e de acordo com a prefer&#234;ncia do paciente, ele pode optar por realizar seu programa de exerc&#237;cios na academia do hospital, na academia comunit&#225;ria ou em casa. Esse modelo permite que mais pessoas consigam se engajar num programa de exerc&#237;cios, recebendo orienta&#231;&#227;o de um profissional habilitado, tendo consultas peri&#243;dicas presenciais ou por tele consulta.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Os resultados encontrados pelos autores refor&#231;a a import&#226;ncia do programa supervisionado, mas enfatiza que qualquer tipo de tratamento ser&#225; eficaz, desde que o paciente se proponha execut&#225;-lo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Al&#233;m das limita&#231;&#245;es descritas pelos autores, o fato de terem abordado, num mesmo estudo, receptores de &#243;rg&#227;o diferentes, pode ter influenciado os resultados dos programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o baseados em exerc&#237;cios (PRBE), uma vez que conforme doen&#231;a cr&#244;nica pr&#233;via, os receptores apresentam heran&#231;as fisiopatol&#243;gicas que podem influenciar diretamente nos resultados da reabilita&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Ainda s&#227;o necess&#225;rios estudos maiores e bem controlados de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, que incluam especificamente candidatos a transplante, que possam propor orienta&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas sobre a dose de exerc&#237;cio e dura&#231;&#227;o do programa para atingir os melhores benef&#237;cios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Estudos futuros neste t&#243;pico devem se concentrar, tamb&#233;m, nos efeitos do exerc&#237;cio durante o per&#237;odo na lista de espera, preparando o paciente para o evento do transplante e desfechos cl&#237;nicos p&#243;s-transplante precoce.</p>
    <p>Para a popula&#231;&#227;o mundial, o acesso aos centros de reabilita&#231;&#227;o ainda &#233; muito pequeno, principalmente em locais com baixo n&#237;vel de estrutura e recursos na sa&#250;de, baixo n&#237;vel socioecon&#244;mico e cultural da popula&#231;&#227;o. Nosso desafio &#233; saber como usar os conhecimentos da academia e dos cientistas, na condu&#231;&#227;o de estudos bem delineados, que possam propor estrat&#233;gias seguras, de orienta&#231;&#227;o e pr&#225;tica de PRBE em pacientes pr&#233; e p&#243;s TOS, de grande abrang&#234;ncia.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Implementa&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica de Diferentes Estrat&#233;gias para Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Baseada em Exerc&#237;cios em Receptores de Transplante de Rim e F&#237;gado: Um Estudo Piloto</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Exercise-Based Rehabilitation for Pre- and Post-Solid Organ Transplant Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3594-0751</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nery</surname>
            <given-names>Rosane Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Grupo de pesquisa em cardiologia do exerc&#237;cio (CardioEx), Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Rosane Maria Nery</bold> &#8226; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Servi&#231;o de Fisiatria e Reabilita&#231;&#227;o - Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Postal Code <postal-code>90035-903</postal-code>, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil. E-mail: <email>rosane.nery@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Organ Transplantation/rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Transplantation Immunology</kwd>
        <kwd>Physical Activity</kwd>
        <kwd>Kidney Transplantation</kwd>
        <kwd>Liver Transplantation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>In the last decades, numerous advances in solid organ transplantation (SOT) have resulted in greater patient survival, resulting in a considerable increase in the number of transplants performed in the world.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> SOT is a life-saving intervention in patients with heart disease, pulmonary, renal or hepatic. Although the recipients improve both in functional capacity and quality of life (QoL), these are still not equivalent to the same levels of healthy individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The long waiting period, caused by the lack of organ donors, often makes patients unprepared for the transplant physically and mentally. In addition to the classic cardiovascular risk factors, we still have the patient&#8217;s lack of adherence to the programs, knowledge deficits about the rules of conduct after transplantation, non-acceptance of the new organ, fear of rejection, lack of a physical exercise routine, strategies for coping and occupational health issues and social rights.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Rehabilitation is an essential part of contemporary care for patients before and after transplantation. The aim is to improve graft survival and reduce deaths from infection/rejection. Rehabilitation programs have prophylactic and therapeutic objectives, meeting the recommendations of maintaining improvements in QOL, reducing morbidity from cardiovascular diseases and improving long-term survival in transplant recipients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Therefore, greater attention should be given to postoperative interventions surgical procedures that help in the individualized management of these patients and that can result in a better prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Physical training should be highlighted among non-pharmacological post-surgical interventions, as it is associated with significant improvement in exercise tolerance and functional capacity, reduced disability and decreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This has also been shown to be beneficial in several groups of chronic diseases that can lead to SOT. It is known that there is a limitation in the ability to perform physical exercises in pre-SOT individuals, and most studies have focused on candidates for heart and lung transplantation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> However, people with chronic kidney or liver disease also demonstrate limitations in pre-transplant exercise capacity, often due to secondary consequences of disuse, such as muscle weakness, rather than as a consequence of their primary disease process.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> In these individuals, peak oxygen consumption limitation seems to be related to peripheral muscle dysfunction and not to central factors, such as cardiovascular or respiratory limitations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Despite the evidence showing the potential benefits of physical exercise for both pre and post-SOT patients, there is a great lack of places that offer this care globally. This worsened after the COVID-19 event that further restricted access to rehabilitation centers. A large proportion of TOS recipients engage in low levels of physical exercise and face barriers to being physically active.</p>
      <p>The study by Ribeiro et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> suggests a strategy where, after pre-participation assessment, in the absence of cardiovascular contraindication and according to the patient&#8217;s preference, he can choose to perform his exercise program at the hospital gym, at the gym community or at home. This model allows more people to engage in an exercise program, receive guidance from a qualified professional, and have periodic face-to-face or teleconsultation consultations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> The results found by the authors reinforce the importance of the supervised program but emphasize that any type of treatment will be effective as long as the patient proposes to perform it.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> In addition to the limitations described by the authors, the fact that, in the same study, recipients of different organs were approached have a pathophysiological inheritance that can directly influence rehabilitation outcomes.</p>
      <p>Larger, well-controlled studies of physical exercise that specifically include transplant candidates are still needed to propose specific guidelines on exercise dose and program duration to achieve the best benefits.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Future studies on this topic should also focus on the effects of exercise during the waiting list period, preparing the patient for the transplant event and early post-transplant clinical outcomes.</p>
      <p>For the world population, access to rehabilitation centers is still very limited, especially in places with a low structure and health resources and a low socioeconomic and cultural level. Our challenge is knowing how to use the knowledge of academia and scientists in conducting well-designed studies which can propose safe strategies, guidance and practice of PRBE in patients pre and post-SOT of great scope.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Clinical Implementation of Different Strategies for Exercise-Based Rehabilitation in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients: A Pilot Study</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
