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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">wZHhQ9yBWqBRxLsdgG9tLbr</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000700139</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210873</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210873</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Carta ao Editor Referente &#224;s Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial &#8211; 2020</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7254-6710</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rebello</surname>
            <given-names>Leticia Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lange</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Christiano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bazan</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alves</surname>
            <given-names>Maramelia Miranda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Gisele Sampaio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pontes</surname>
            <given-names>Octavio</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paran&#225;</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paran&#225;, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina Campus de Botucatu</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Leticia Costa Rebello &#8226;</bold> Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal - SMHS - &#193;rea Especial, Q. 101. CEP <postal-code>70330-150</postal-code>, Asa Sul, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>letirebello@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>139</fpage>
      <lpage>142</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorr&#225;gico</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isqu&#234;mico</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Tratamento</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
        <page-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>Prezado editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Inicialmente, a Sociedade Brasileira de Doen&#231;as Cerebrovasculares (SBDCV) parabeniza o Departamento de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, a Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o e a Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia pela realiza&#231;&#227;o das Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial 2020.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Gostar&#237;amos, no entanto, de tecer algumas considera&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao cuidado dirigido ao paciente com acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) agudo. O texto atribui corretamente a Hipertens&#227;o Arterial como principal causa de AVC isqu&#234;mico (AVCi) e AVC hemorr&#225;gico (AVCh). Apontaremos, a seguir, algumas considera&#231;&#245;es quanto ao manejo da press&#227;o arterial (PA) nesses pacientes.</p>
    <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao controle da PA do paciente com AVCh, foi mencionado na diretriz, no item 10.6.1, que &#8220;estudos robustos sugerem que reduzir a PA (dentro de 6h) para valores &lt;140/90mmHg n&#227;o diminui eventos prim&#225;rios importantes, inclusive mortalidade&#8221;, com refer&#234;ncia ao estudo INTERACT-2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A eleva&#231;&#227;o da PA na fase aguda, resposta fisiol&#243;gica ao quadro de AVCh, correlaciona-se a um pior progn&#243;stico e expans&#227;o do hematoma, dado demonstrado no estudo INTERACT-1.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Posteriormente, o estudo de fase 3 INTERACT-2 avaliou o controle intensivo de PA nestes pacientes, com meta Press&#227;o Arterial Sist&#243;lica (PAS) &lt;140mmHg <italic>versus</italic> controle de diretrizes da &#233;poca (meta de PAS &lt;180mmHg). Analisando o desfecho prim&#225;rio de morte ou depend&#234;ncia funcional (<italic>modified Rankin Scale</italic> &#8211; mRS: 0-3 versus 4-6), n&#227;o foi alcan&#231;ada signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o de PA na fase aguda para esse desfecho (55.6% no tratamento convencional <italic>versus</italic> 52% com tratamento agressivo da PA, p=0,06).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O desfecho secund&#225;rio analisado, padr&#227;o de distribui&#231;&#227;o <italic>shift</italic> na mRS, tamb&#233;m n&#227;o teve resultados estatisticamente significativos. Entretanto, quando avaliado em an&#225;lise ordinal, houve menor incapacidade (mRS 0-2) no grupo com tratamento intensivo da PA, com <italic>odds ratio</italic> 0.87 (IC 95%, 0,77-1,00; p=0,04), al&#233;m de melhor qualidade f&#237;sica e mental, medidos pela escala EQ-5D, no grupo tratado com o controle intensivo da PA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Ao contr&#225;rio do que a atual Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial recomenda, e baseada nos resultados dessa an&#225;lise ordinal, a recomenda&#231;&#227;o atual da <italic>American Heart</italic> e <italic>American Stroke Association,</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> endossada pela SBDCV, &#233; a redu&#231;&#227;o aguda da PAS em pacientes com AVCh que se apresentem com PAS elevada entre 150-220mmHg e que n&#227;o tenham contraindica&#231;&#245;es ao controle intensivo da PA, com alvo PAS &lt;140mmHg, medida que pode ser efetiva na melhora do desfecho cl&#237;nico funcional. Ainda n&#227;o h&#225; dados suficientes para sustentar de maneira sistem&#225;tica a seguran&#231;a e a efetividade do manejo agudo de PA em pacientes com PAS &gt;220mmHg, por&#233;m considerase razo&#225;vel a redu&#231;&#227;o agressiva da PA nesse perfil de pacientes, com infus&#227;o de medicamentos endovenosos com titula&#231;&#227;o de dose e controle rigoroso da PA na fase aguda.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Com base nos dados do INTERACT-2 e na recomenda&#231;&#227;o das sociedades supracitadas, gostar&#237;amos de sugerir a corre&#231;&#227;o dos itens 10.6.1 e 13.7.2 na diretriz em quest&#227;o, quando se aponta aus&#234;ncia de benef&#237;cio em redu&#231;&#227;o de incapacidade grave com o controle intensivo da PA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Refor&#231;amos ainda que, ao contr&#225;rio do exposto no texto, j&#225; foi tamb&#233;m demonstrado em estudos cl&#237;nicos que a redu&#231;&#227;o proposta da PA &#233; segura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A SBDCV n&#227;o recomenda o alvo proposto de PAS &lt;180mmHg para o AVCh apontado na diretriz.</p>
    <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao manejo de PA no AVCi agudo, t&#243;pico 10.6.2, refor&#231;amos que a redu&#231;&#227;o da PA em pacientes candidatos a tromb&#243;lise dever&#225; ser feita quando os valores estiverem &gt;185/110mmHg na primeira hora. Ap&#243;s o t&#233;rmino da tromb&#243;lise, de fato, o valor de PA recomendado &#233; &lt;180/105mmHg nas primeiras 24 horas, como apontado na diretriz de Hipertens&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao t&#243;pico 13.7.1, a PA recomendada para indica&#231;&#227;o de tratamento trombol&#237;tico &#233; &lt;185/110mmHg, devendo ser iniciado medicamento anti-hipertensivo endovenoso imediatamente, para tentativa de corre&#231;&#227;o, caso a medida inicial de PA esteja acima desse patamar. A contraindica&#231;&#227;o &#224; tromb&#243;lise ocorre somente se houver PA refratariamente elevada em tr&#234;s medidas consecutivas, com intervalo de 5 minutos entre elas, a despeito de tratamento otimizado.</p>
    <p>Tamb&#233;m desconhecemos a refer&#234;ncia que sugere redu&#231;&#227;o imediata da press&#227;o arterial em pacientes com ataque isqu&#234;mico transit&#243;rio, conforme sugerido no quadro 10.2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Ao contr&#225;rio, o AIT &#233; considerado um evento equivalente ao AVCi agudo, e deve ser manejado com os mesmos par&#226;metros do AVCi n&#227;o trombolisado ou n&#227;o tratado com trombectomia mec&#226;nica, ou seja, tolerabilidade de PA at&#233; 220/120mmHg, usualmente com a suspens&#227;o de drogas antihipertensivas por via oral na fase hiperaguda do atendimento, e desde que n&#227;o existam outras condi&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares impeditivas para permitir estes n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos (por exemplo, infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio, aneurisma ou dissec&#231;&#227;o de aorta).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Assim, cabe tamb&#233;m uma revis&#227;o do t&#243;pico e quadro sobre as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de redu&#231;&#227;o imediata da PA no AIT, e de n&#227;o redu&#231;&#227;o da PA em AVCi de uma forma geral (quadro 10.2).</p>
    <p>&#201; sabido que a denomina&#231;&#227;o do AVC no nosso pa&#237;s &#233; bastante diversa, at&#233; mesmo entre m&#233;dicos, a depender do estado ou regi&#227;o do pa&#237;s (uso de termos &#8220;AVC - Acidente Vascular Cerebral&#8221; e &#8220;AVE - Acidente Vascular Encef&#225;lico&#8221;), fato demonstrado inclusive em estudo brasileiro sobre este tema.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Por este motivo, nos &#250;ltimos anos, a grande maioria dos especialistas em Neurologia Vascular e organiza&#231;&#245;es de pacientes, em conjunto com a SBDCV e o Departamento Cient&#237;fico de Doen&#231;as Cerebrovasculares da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, t&#234;m recomendado e disseminado, tanto no meio acad&#234;mico quanto em materiais e campanhas educativas junto &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o, comunicados, entrevistas na m&#237;dia e redes sociais, a unifica&#231;&#227;o do termo ideal na nossa l&#237;ngua como sendo a sigla &#8220;AVC&#8221;, visando uma maior educa&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o quanto &#224; doen&#231;a, e evitando-se o uso de outros termos, fator que pode confundir e dificultar o seu reconhecimento r&#225;pido, primordial ao adequado tratamento e melhor progn&#243;stico. Assim, sugerimos, em documento futuro da Diretriz de Hipertens&#227;o, rever a utiliza&#231;&#227;o do termo &#8220;AVE&#8221;, preferindo-se denominar a doen&#231;a como temos denominado e advogado nos &#250;ltimos anos: Acidente Vascular Cerebral &#8211; AVC.</p>
    <p>Por fim, agradecemos a oportunidade desta manifesta&#231;&#227;o, e em nome da Sociedade Brasileira de Doen&#231;as Cerebrovasculares e do Departamento Cient&#237;fico de Doen&#231;as Cerebrovasculares da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, nos colocamos &#224; disposi&#231;&#227;o para futuras colabora&#231;&#245;es e discuss&#245;es de t&#243;picos que envolvam o manejo de pacientes com AVC.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta-resposta</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <collab>Comit&#234; Diretivo do DBHA2020</collab>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar K Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Cibele Isaac Saad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bortolotto</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Aparecido</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mota-Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Ant&#244;nio</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Carta resposta &#224; Sociedade Brasileira de Doen&#231;as Cerebrovasculares e ao Departamento Cient&#237;fico de Doen&#231;as Cerebrovasculares da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia.</p>
      <p>Inicialmente manifestamos nosso respeito e agradecimentos pela leitura atenta &#224;s Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial 2020 (DBHA2020),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">1</xref></sup> e pelos coment&#225;rios que permeiam o conte&#250;do exposto no cap&#237;tulo 10, mais especificamente ao t&#243;pico 10.6 que trata da tem&#225;tica referente &#224; hipertens&#227;o arterial (HA) e acidente vascular encef&#225;lico (AVE) hemorr&#225;gico e isqu&#234;mico.</p>
      <p>Importante salientar que a DBHA2020<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">1</xref></sup> contou com a participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual coletiva da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia por meio do seu Departamento de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, da Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o e da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia, representadas por 97 especialistas nomeados por crit&#233;rios cient&#237;ficos. Durante todo o ano de 2020, esses profissionais trabalharam com o objetivo comum de construir esse documento, elaborado a partir de reuni&#245;es semanais do comit&#234; diretivo, duas reuni&#245;es com os 18 coordenadores de cap&#237;tulo, e duas reuni&#245;es plen&#225;rias com os integrantes da DBHA2020. O texto final representa a opini&#227;o da maioria desse colegiado.</p>
      <p>Passamos agora a discutir sobre os pontos questionados pelos subscritores da carta ao editor e, para isso, gostar&#237;amos de tecer as seguintes reflex&#245;es:</p>
      <p>A quest&#227;o da meta de tratamento da HA, quando iniciar e quais medicamentos utilizar em eventos cerebrovasculares &#233; certamente mat&#233;ria de grande complexidade e um desafio, mesmo para especialistas.</p>
      <p>Em janeiro de 2021, uma revis&#227;o narrativa compilou os principais estudos em AVE isqu&#234;micos e hemorr&#225;gicos, apontando para um conservadorismo em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; fase aguda desses eventos, e limita&#231;&#245;es, instranspon&#237;veis at&#233; o presente momento, mesmo quando se utilizam estrat&#233;gias de revis&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas e metan&#225;lises.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Sobre o Item 10.6.1 da DBHA2020,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">1</xref></sup> que apresenta a seguinte reda&#231;&#227;o sobre o tratamento da HA na fase aguda do AVE hemorr&#225;gico: &#8220;<italic>Se houver aumento da press&#227;o arterial, podem ocorrer maior probabilidade de expans&#227;o do hematoma, aumento do risco de morte e pior progn&#243;stico. Estudos robustos sugerem que reduzir a press&#227;o arterial (dentro de 6 h) para valores &lt;140/90 mmHg n&#227;o diminuiu eventos prim&#225;rios importantes, inclusive mortalidade. Assim, n&#227;o deve ser recomendada imediata redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial nos casos de AVE hemorr&#225;gico, a menos que o valor da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica esteja &gt; 220 mmHg&#8221;.</italic> Refor&#231;amos que o texto afirma n&#227;o haver evid&#234;ncia de redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos prim&#225;rios, o que est&#225; em acordo com a carta encaminhada ao editor pela Sociedade Brasileira de Doen&#231;as Cerebrovasculares e pelo Departamento Cient&#237;fico de Doen&#231;as Cerebrovasculares da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia onde est&#225; escrito: &#8220;<italic>o estudo de fase 3 INTERACT-2 avaliou o controle intensivo de press&#227;o arterial nestes pacientes, com meta press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &lt;140mmHg versus controle de diretrizes da &#233;poca (meta de press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &lt;180mmHg). Analisando o desfecho prim&#225;rio de morte ou depend&#234;ncia funcional (modified Rankin Scale &#8211; mRS: 0-3), n&#227;o foi alcan&#231;ada signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o de press&#227;o arterial na fase aguda para esse desfecho.&#8221;</italic></p>
      <p>A nosso ver, assumir recomenda&#231;&#227;o de diretrizes com base em resultados delineados como objetivos secund&#225;rios, quando o objetivo prim&#225;rio n&#227;o foi alcan&#231;ado, n&#227;o &#233; a orienta&#231;&#227;o mais adequada. A proposi&#231;&#227;o no Quadro 10.2 para a redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial na fase aguda (dentro de 6 horas) ap&#243;s um acidente vascular encef&#225;lico hemorr&#225;gico atendeu &#224; decis&#227;o da coordena&#231;&#227;o geral, coordena&#231;&#227;o do cap&#237;tulo e da maioria em reuni&#227;o plen&#225;ria como a mais alinhada com as evid&#234;ncias cient&#237;ficas atuais.</p>
      <p>Quanto &#224; orienta&#231;&#227;o de conduta na fase aguda do AVE isqu&#234;mico (item 10.6.2), a recomenda&#231;&#227;o da DBHA2020 &#233; para a redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica a valores menores que 180 mmHg, e da diast&#243;lica a valores inferiores a 105 mmHg apenas nos pacientes candidatos &#224; tromb&#243;lise, sem evid&#234;ncia de benef&#237;cio cl&#237;nico nos demais pacientes (Quadro 10.2). Pela leitura atenta que fizemos da Carta ao Editor, entendemos haver concord&#226;ncia com essa orienta&#231;&#227;o que, coincidentemente, &#233; a mesma do rec&#233;m-publicado <italic>Guideline da European Stroke Organization</italic> (ESO),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">3</xref></sup> e da <italic>American Heart Association e American Stroke Association</italic>.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao coment&#225;rio sobre a conduta na fase aguda ap&#243;s acidente isqu&#234;mico transit&#243;rio, estamos alinhados com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de outras sociedades cient&#237;ficas como, por exemplo, a &#250;ltima diretriz europeia de hipertens&#227;o arterial publicada em 2018 que cita na p&#225;gina 3086 a mesma orienta&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>No <italic>guideline</italic> da ESO,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">3</xref></sup> cujos 11 autores s&#227;o da &#225;rea de neurologia, a primeira frase expressa exatamente a possibilidade construtiva de diverg&#234;ncias: <italic>&#8220;The optimal blood pressure (BP) management in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) remains controversial.&#8221;</italic> Conclui o documento apontando para a necessidade de estudos randomizados e controlados que possam corroborar metas, tempo e estrat&#233;gias para diminui&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial na fase aguda em diferentes subgrupos de pacientes com AVE.</p>
      <p>Finalmente, sobre a op&#231;&#227;o de nomenclatura utilizada nas DBH2020<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">1</xref></sup> &#8211; AVE &#8211;, essa foi a opini&#227;o da maioria dos integrantes como sendo o mais adequado a ser empregado no documento atual. Entendemos tratar-se de uma quest&#227;o sem&#226;ntica e n&#227;o anat&#244;mica propriamente dita e que a doen&#231;a cerebrovascular pode envolver qualquer estrutura encef&#225;lica. &#201; curioso que o descritor acidente vascular cerebral tenha 17 (dezessete) alternativas de sinon&#237;mia reconhecidas na Biblioteca Virtual de Sa&#250;de (BVS), entre elas, acidente vascular encef&#225;lico e sua correspondente abreviatura, AVE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">6</xref></sup> No entanto, essa sugest&#227;o ser&#225; considerada na edi&#231;&#227;o de uma nova atualiza&#231;&#227;o das diretrizes, tendo em vista os argumentos apresentados e a familiaridade existente na classe m&#233;dica em geral com o termo AVC.</p>
      <p>Uma vez mais, agradecemos a oportunidade de debate t&#233;cnico e intelectual, e esperamos ter justificado os questionamentos encaminhados.</p>
    </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S02" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Letter to the Editor Regarding the Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension &#8211; 2020</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
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          <name>
            <surname>Rebello</surname>
            <given-names>Leticia Costa</given-names>
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            <given-names>Maramelia Miranda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Gisele Sampaio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pontes</surname>
            <given-names>Octavio</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paran&#225;, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff10">
          <label>5</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Leticia Costa Rebello &#8226;</bold> Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal - SMHS - &#193;rea Especial, Q. 101. Postal Code <postal-code>70330-150</postal-code>, Asa Sul, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>letirebello@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Intracranial Hemorrhage</kwd>
        <kwd>Isquemic Stroke</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Acute Treatment</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Pressure</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>Dear Editor</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Initially, the Brazilian Society of Cerebrovascular Diseases (SBDCV) congratulates the Department of Arterial Hypertension of the Brazilian Societies of Cardiology, Hypertension, and Nephrology for the Brazilian Guidelines on Arterial Hypertension 2020 publication.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Our aim is to raise some issues related to stroke care and BP management in acute setting, an important topic of discussion and controversy. The guideline correctly attributes arterial hypertension as the main cause of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage. We would like to point out some issues regarding managing blood pressure (BP) in these patients.</p>
      <p>Regarding BP control in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), the guidelines mentioned that &#8220;robust studies suggest that reducing BP (within 6h) to values &lt;140/90 mmHg does not decrease important primary events, including mortality&#8221; (item 10.6.1), according to INTERACT-2 study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The physiological response of increased BP levels in ICH is correlated with worse prognosis and hematoma expansion, as demonstrated in the INTERACT-1 study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Subsequently, the INTERACT-2 trial compared intensive BP control [target systolic blood pressure (SBP) &lt;140 mmHg] versus the guidelines-recommended levels (SBP &lt;180 mmHg) in acute setting, and the primary outcome of death or functional dependence (modified Rankin Scale, mRS: 0-3 versus 4-6) were similar (55.6% in conventional treatment versus 52% with aggressive BP treatment, p=0.06).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Further, there was no significant difference in the shift distribution pattern in mRS. However, the ordinal analysis revealed a lower disability (mRS 0-2) with intensive BP treatment, with an odds ratio of 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.771.00; p=0.04), and additional better physical and mental quality, measured by EQ-5D scale.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Contrary to the 2020 Brazilian Arterial Hypertension Guidelines recommendation, and based on the results of this ordinal analysis, the current recommendation of the American Heart and American Stroke Association,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> endorsed by the SBDCV, is to achieve an acute reduction of SBP in patients with ICH who present with high SBP (150-220 mmHg) without contraindications for intensive BP control. The SBP target is &lt;140 mmHg, which can improve functional clinical outcomes. There is no sufficient data to systematically support the safety and effectiveness of the acute management of BP in patients with SBP &gt;220 mmHg; however, a more aggressive reduction of BP in this profile of patients is reasonable, using intravenous drugs, dose titration and strict BP control in the acute phase.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Based on this trial and the recommendation of the societies mentioned above, we would like to suggest the correction of items 10.6.1 and 13.7 of the brazilian hypertension guideline, that states no benefit in reducing severe disability with intensive BP control.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> We also emphasize that the proposed reduction in BP is safe.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The SBDCV does not recommend the proposed target of SBP &lt;180 mmHg for acute ICH management.</p>
      <p>Regarding the management of BP in acute ischemic stroke (IS), topic 10.6.2, we emphasize that BP reduction in patients who are candidates for thrombolysis should be performed when the values are &gt;185/110 mm Hg in the first hour. After the end of thrombolysis, the recommended BP value is &lt;180/105 mmHg in the first 24 h, as indicated in the hypertension guideline.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Regarding topic 13.7.1, the recommended BP for the indication of thrombolytic treatment is &lt;185/110 mmHg, and intravenous antihypertensive medication should be started immediately above this level. A contraindication to thrombolysis occurs only if refractory elevated BP occurs in three consecutive measurements, with an interval of 5 min, despite optimized treatment.</p>
      <p>We are also unaware of the reference that suggests immediate BP reduction in patients with a transient ischemic attack (TIA), as suggested in Table 10.2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In contrast, TIA is considered an equivalent to acute IS, and must be managed with the same parameters of a non-thrombolysed IS, or a IS not submitted to thrombectomy, that is, BP tolerability up to 220/120mmHg and suspension of oral antihypertensive drugs in the hyperacute phase of care, unless there are other impeding cardiovascular conditions to allow these blood pressure levels (e.g., acute myocardial infarction, aneurysm, or aortic dissection).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Thus, it is also worth reviewing the topic and table of recommendations for immediate BP reduction in TIA, as well as no reduction of BP in all types of IS (Table 10.2).</p>
      <p>The denomination of stroke in our country is quite diverse, depending on the state or region of the country (use of terms &#8220;AVC - Acidente Vascular Cerebral&#8221; and AVE - Acidente Vascular Encef&#225;lico&#8221;), a fact that has been demonstrated in a Brazilian study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> For this reason, recently, the portuguese term &#8220;AVC&#8221; have been widely recommended by specialists in the field, patient organizations, together with the SBDCV and the Scientific Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, as well as in academic research, campaigns, educational activities, press releases and interviews, with the purpose of better educate the population regarding the disease, and to avoid using other terms that may confuse and hinder the rapid recognition, essential for immediate stroke treatment and better prognosis. Thus, for future hypertension guidelines, we suggest the use of this recommended standardized portuguese terminology: &#8220;AVC - Acidente Vascular Cerebral&#8221;, instead of other terms, like &#8220;AVE&#8221;.</p>
      <p>Finally, we are grateful for the opportunity to present our observations. On behalf of the Brazilian Society of Cerebrovascular Diseases and the Scientific Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, our goal as a stroke society is to help and contribute with other partners in future discussions of topics involving managing patients with stroke.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="S03" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reply</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <collab>Comit&#234; Diretivo do DBHA2020</collab>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar K Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Cibele Isaac Saad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bortolotto</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Aparecido</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mota-Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Ant&#244;nio</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Response to the Brazilian Society for Cerebrovascular Diseases and the Scientific Department on Cerebrovascular Diseases of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology.</p>
      <p>First, we would like to express our respect and gratitude to the reviewers for the careful reading of the 2020 Brazilian Guidelines on Arterial Hypertension (DBHA2020)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">1</xref></sup> and for the comments on Chapter 10, more specifically on the topic 10.6 that addresses arterial hypertension (AH), and hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.</p>
      <p>It is worth pointing out that the DBHA2020<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">1</xref></sup> was developed by the collective effort of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology through the Department of Arterial Hypertension, the Brazilian Society of Hypertension, and the Brazilian Society of Nephrology, represented by 97 specialists chosen by scientific criteria. During the entire year of 2020, these experts worked together to construct this document, which was achieved by weekly meetings of the directive committee, two meetings with 18 chapter coordinators, and two plenary sessions of all members involved in the elaboration of the DBHA2020. The final text represents the opinion of the majority of this work group.</p>
      <p>We will now discuss the questions raised by the authors of the Letter to the Editor, by first making the following considerations:</p>
      <p>The question about the treatment target for HA, the time when treatment should be initiated, and the drugs of choice in cerebrovascular events is certainly a complex and challenging issue.</p>
      <p>In January 2021, a narrative review summarized the main studies on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and pointed to a conservative approach in the acute phase, in addition to associated limitations that cannot be overcome even when strategies proposed by systematic reviews and meta-analyses are used.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Regarding the item 10.6.1 of the DBHA2020,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">1</xref></sup> which describes recommendations on the treatment of AH in the acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke: &#8220;In case of an increase in blood pressure, the odds of hematoma expansion, death and worse prognosis may increase. Robust studies have suggested that the reduction of blood pressure (within six hours) to levels &lt; 140/90mmHg does not reduce important primary events, including mortality. Therefore, the immediate reduction of blood pressure in case of hemorrhagic stroke is not recommended, unless systolic blood pressure is &gt; 220 mmHg &#8221;. We reinforce that the text states that there is no evidence of reduction of primary events, which is in accordance with the Letter to the Editor submitted by the Brazilian Society of Cerebrovascular Diseases and by the Scientific Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, which affirms: &#8220;the phase 3 INTERACT-2 study evaluated the strict control of blood pressure in these patients, with a target systolic blood pressure below 140 mmHg <italic>versus</italic> the target recommended by guidelines (&lt;180mmHg). Considering the primary outcome of death or functional dependence (modified Rankin Scale &#8211; mRS: 0-3), no statistically significance was found in this outcome by reducing blood pressure levels in the acute phase&#8221;.</p>
      <p>In our opinion, it is not appropriate to adopt guidelines&#8217; recommendations based on results obtained from secondary objectives, when the primary objective was not achieved. In Chart 10.2, the suggestion of reducing blood pressure (within six hours) in the acute phase after a hemorrhagic stroke was in line with the decision of the general coordination, chapter coordination and the plenary session, that this approach was in accordance with current scientific evidence.</p>
      <p>As for the acute phase of ischemic stroke (item 10.6.2), the recommendation of the DBHA2020 is to reduce systolic blood pressure to values below 180 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure to values below 105 mmHg only for patients candidate for thrombolysis, with no evidence of clinical benefit for other patients. (Chart 10.2). Based on the close reading of the Letter to the Editor, we understand that there is a consensus on this recommendation, which coincidently is the same of the recently published European Stroke Organization (ESO), guidelines<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">3</xref></sup> and of the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In response to the comment on the management in the acute phase following a transient ischemic attack, we are in line with recommendations of other scientific societies, like the last European guidelines on arterial hypertension published in 2018 which recommends the same approach (see page 3086).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the ESO guidelines,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">3</xref></sup> whose 11 authors work in the field of Neurology, the first sentence expresses the constructive possibility of divergence: &#8220;The optimal blood pressure (BP) management in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains controversial&#8221;. The document concludes that further randomized controlled studies are needed to support treatment targets, time and strategies to reduce blood pressure levels in the acute phase in different subgroups of patients with stroke.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Finally, concerning the nomenclature used in the DBH2020<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">1</xref></sup> &#8211; stroke &#8211; it was considered by most specialists as the most appropriate to be used in the current document. We understand that this is a semantic rather than an anatomic issue, and that cerebrovascular disease may involve any encephalic structure. Curiously, the descriptor brain vascular accident has 28 alternative synonyms, including its abbreviation, BVA, recognized by the virtual health library.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">6</xref></sup> However, this suggestion should be further discussed in a new update of the guideline, because of the arguments presented, and the familiarity with the term stroke by physicians in general.</p>
      <p>Once again, we are grateful for the opportunity to have this technical and intellectual debate, and we hope that we have clarified the questions raised.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
