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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">T9jXMwkPfYKkMHR8RMTzjkJ</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000700111</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220305</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220305</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Riociguate: Uma Alternativa para Tratar a Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9066-5027</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zapata-Sudo</surname>
            <given-names>Gisele</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biom&#233;dicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biom&#233;dicas e Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Saad, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Gisele Zapata-Sudo</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. CEP <postal-code>21941-901</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil, E-mail: <email>gsudo@icb.ufrj.br</email>, <email>gzsudo@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>111</fpage>
      <lpage>112</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar/terapia</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Ativadores de Enzimas/uso terap&#234;utico</kwd>
        <kwd>Riociguat/uso terap&#234;utico</kwd>
        <kwd>Piraz&#243;is/uso terap&#234;utico</kwd>
        <kwd>Pirimidinas/uso terap&#234;utico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Nos &#250;ltimos anos, avan&#231;os significativos foram alcan&#231;ados no conhecimento da patologia da hipertens&#227;o pulmonar (HP), o que foi realizado em um esfor&#231;o de pesquisa para identificar novas estrat&#233;gias de tratamento. Entre os 5 subgrupos cl&#237;nicos da HP, a mais comum &#233; a hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar (HAP) idiop&#225;tica, associada ao aumento da morbidade e mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Capacidade de exerc&#237;cio, classe funcional da OMS, valores hemodin&#226;micos, achados de imagem e biomarcadores de disfun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica s&#227;o par&#226;metros utilizados para predizer a sobrevida de pacientes com HP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Este &#233; um grande desafio cl&#237;nico; a melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes e a variabilidade entre as terapias pioram porque se espera uma decis&#227;o adequada do profissional de sa&#250;de, pois pode afetar o resultado. O diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido &#233; essencial e pode justificar que todos os pacientes com diagn&#243;sticos suspeitos sejam encaminhados a um centro especializado. O diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido &#233; essencial e pode justificar que todos os pacientes com diagn&#243;sticos suspeitos sejam encaminhados a um centro especializado. O tratamento depende da classifica&#231;&#227;o da HP, incluindo principalmente as drogas espec&#237;ficas isoladas ou em combina&#231;&#227;o que t&#234;m como alvo os inibidores da fosfodiesterase tipo 5 (PDE5i),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> estimuladores sol&#250;veis da guanilato ciclase (GCs), antagonistas do receptor de endotelina, an&#225;logos de prostaciclina e agonistas do receptor de prostaciclina que interferem na disfun&#231;&#227;o vascular das art&#233;rias pulmonares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Como a HAP &#233; uma doen&#231;a que inclui vasoconstri&#231;&#227;o de arter&#237;olas pr&#233;-capilares e les&#245;es obstrutivas, hiperproliferativas e vasculares, essas drogas n&#227;o t&#234;m como alvo o remodelamento vascular e certamente n&#227;o melhoram a fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca. Assim, &#233; essencial a busca de vasodilatadores pulmonares que interfiram nestas relevantes vias moleculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Spilimbergo et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> relatam um estudo de acompanhamento no qual pacientes com HP foram tratados com um estimulante do GCs, riociguate, que &#233; aprovado para o tratamento da HAP porque aumenta a via do GMP c&#237;clico do &#243;xido n&#237;trico (NO). Os autores descrevem a evolu&#231;&#227;o dos casos vivos ao longo de 3 anos, com foco na HAP (tipo 1) e HP tromboemb&#243;lica cr&#244;nica (HPTEC, tipo 4). O riociguate aumenta a atividade do GCs, que &#233; o receptor intracelular do NO, que tem efeitos vasodilatadores e antiproliferativos nos vasos sangu&#237;neos, incluindo as art&#233;rias pulmonares. Considerando a coorte de 31 pacientes, 32% estavam em classe funcional II da OMS e esse valor aumentou para 71% ap&#243;s 3 anos de tratamento com riociguate. Os autores destacam que o riociguate interferiu no processo da doen&#231;a porque a maioria dos pacientes tratados com riociguate demonstrou par&#226;metros de risco est&#225;veis ou melhores em 3 anos de seguimento. Anteriormente, Ghofrani et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> demonstraram que o riociguate, por meio da ativa&#231;&#227;o direta do GCs, promoveu aumento do GMP c&#237;clico e consequentemente vasodilata&#231;&#227;o pulmonar, e sua administra&#231;&#227;o 3 vezes ao dia em pacientes com HAP melhorou as concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo N terminal pro B (NT-proBNP), tempo para piora cl&#237;nica e classe funcional da OMS.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A redu&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP n&#227;o foi observada por Spilimbergo et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> possivelmente explicada pelo pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes inclu&#237;dos no estudo. Da mesma forma, em 2015, o estudo CHEST-2 descreveu que a administra&#231;&#227;o prolongada de riociguate em pacientes com HPTEC melhorou o exerc&#237;cio e a capacidade funcional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Todas as classes de agentes espec&#237;ficos para HP s&#227;o caras e n&#227;o proporcionam a cura, mas reduzem a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar e melhoram a capacidade funcional. O riociguate pode ser uma op&#231;&#227;o alternativa para pacientes com HAP que n&#227;o respondem ao tratamento com PDE5i9, pois pode estimular GCs independentemente do NO.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>H&#225; fortes evid&#234;ncias que sugerem que o riociguate &#233; uma interven&#231;&#227;o promissora para melhorar o progn&#243;stico de pacientes com HP.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Estimuladores de Guanilato Ciclase Sol&#250;vel (Riociguate) na Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar: Dados da Pr&#225;tica Cl&#237;nica Real em 3 Anos de Acompanhamento</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Boutou</surname>
              <given-names>AK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pitsiou</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Treatment of pulmonary hypertension with riociguat: a review of current evidence and future perspectives</article-title>
          <source>Expert Opin Pharmacother</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>21</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>1145</fpage>
          <lpage>1155</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/14656566.2020.1727446</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10 Boutou AK, Pitsiou G. Treatment of pulmonary hypertension with riociguat: a review of current evidence and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21(10):1145-55. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1727446</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Riociguat: An Alternative to Treat Pulmonary Hypertension</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9066-5027</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zapata-Sudo</surname>
            <given-names>Gisele</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biom&#233;dicas and Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Saad, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Gisele Zapata-Sudo</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Postal Code <postal-code>21941-901</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil, E-mail: <email>gsudo@icb.ufrj.br</email>, <email>gzsudo@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension Pulmonary/therapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension Pulmonary/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Enzyme Activators/therapeutic use</kwd>
        <kwd>Riociguat/therapeutic use</kwd>
        <kwd>Pyrazoles/therapeutic use</kwd>
        <kwd>Pyrimidines/therapeutic use</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>In recent years, significant progress has been achieved regarding the knowledge of the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH), which was conducted in a research effort to identify new treatment strategies. Among the 5 clinical subgroups of PH, the most common is idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), associated with increased morbidity and mortality rate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Exercise capacity, WHO functional class, hemodynamic values, findings on imaging, and biomarkers of myocardial dysfunction are parameters used to predict the survival of patients with PH.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> This is a great clinical challenge; the improvement of patients&#8217; quality of life and the variability between therapies worsens because a proper care provider decision is expected since it might affect the outcome. Rapid diagnosis is essential and could justify that all patients with suspected diagnoses should be referred to an expert center. Treatment depends on the classification of PH, including primarily the specific drugs alone or in combination which target the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> soluble guanylate cyclase (GCs) stimulators, endothelin receptor antagonists, prostacyclin analogs, and prostacyclin receptor agonists which interfere with the vascular dysfunction of pulmonary arteries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Since PAH is a disease that includes vasoconstriction of pre-capillary arterioles and obstructive, hyperproliferative and vascular lesions, these drugs do not target vascular remodeling and certainly do not improve cardiac function. Thus, it is essential to search for pulmonary vasodilators that interfere with this relevant molecular pathways.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In issue of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, Spilimbergo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> report a follow-up study in which patients with PH were treated with an GCs stimulant, riociguat, which is approved for treating PAH because it augments the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP pathway. The authors describe live cases outcome spanning 3 years, focusing on PAH (type 1) and chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH, type 4). Riociguat increases the activity of GCs, which is the intracellular receptor for NO, that has vasodilatory and antiproliferative effects on blood vessels, including the pulmonary arteries. Considering the cohort of 31 patients, 32% were in WHO functional class II and this value increased to 71% after 3 years of treatment with riociguat. The authors highlighted that riociguat interfered with the disease process because most patients treated with riociguat demonstrated stable or better risk parameters at 3 years of follow-up. Previously, Ghofrani et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> demonstrated that riociguat, through the direct activation of GCs, promoted an increase in cyclic GMP and consequently pulmonary vasodilation, and its administration 3 times daily in patients with PAH improved serum N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations, time to clinical worsening, and WHO functional class.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Reduction of NT-proBNP levels was not observed by Spilimbergo et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> possibly explained by the small number of patients included in the study. Similarly, in 2015, the CHEST-2 study described that long-term administration of riociguat in patients with CTEPH improved exercise and functional capacity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> All classes of PH-specific agents are expensive and will not provide the cure but reduce hospital admission and improve functional capacity. Riociguat might be an alternative option for patients with PAH who do not respond sufficiently to treatment with PDE5i<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> since it can stimulate GCs independently of NO.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>There is strong evidence to suggest that riociguat is a promising intervention to improve the prognosis of patients with PH.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators (Riociguat) in Pulmonary Hypertension: Data from Real-Life Clinical Practice in a 3-Year Follow-Up</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
