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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">C88YMkMNrhzhCrW3nKbvD5m</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000700095</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220362</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220362</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter como Terapia de Primeira Linha no Tratamento da Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial &#8211; Devemos Sempre Indicar?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5333-7174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Camanho</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Eduardo Montenegro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Vignoli dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servi&#231;o de Arritmias e Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Artificial</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco - Servi&#231;o de Arritmias e Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Artificial, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Luiz Eduardo Montenegro Camanho</bold> &#8226; Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco - Servi&#231;o de Arritmias e Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Artificial - Rua Soares Cabral, 47-402. CEP <postal-code>22240-070</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil. E-mail: <email>lecamanho@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>95</fpage>
      <lpage>96</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Tromboembolia/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapia Trombol&#237;tica/efeitos adversos</kwd>
        <kwd>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter/m&#233;todos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) &#233; a arritmia card&#237;aca mais comum na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, afetando aproximadamente 1 a 2% da popula&#231;&#227;o em geral e est&#225; associada a um risco aumentado de eventos cardioemb&#243;licos e impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. A taxa de mortalidade cardiovascular descrita &#233; de aproximadamente 5% no ano<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> e estima-se que o risco de complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares seja maior no primeiro ano ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico da arritmia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A taxa de recorr&#234;ncia da FA sem um tratamento preventivo e adequado &#233; da ordem de 90%, o que expressa a magnitude do problema.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Desta forma, parece bastante razo&#225;vel postular o conceito de que a abordagem precoce da FA traga benef&#237;cios cl&#237;nicos relevantes a estes pacientes. Dados recentes obtidos do estudo EAST-AFNET<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> demonstraram claramente que esta abordagem &#233; uma estrat&#233;gia v&#225;lida e eficaz. O estudo envolveu 2789 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de FA h&#225; pelo menos 12 meses que foram randomizados para tratamento precoce da FA (abla&#231;&#227;o: 8% e DAA: 87%) ou tratamento conservador. Em um per&#237;odo de acompanhamento m&#233;dio de 5,1 anos, o grupo de tratamento precoce demonstrou uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa no desfecho prim&#225;rio de morte cardiovascular em rela&#231;&#227;o ao grupo conservador. O risco de AVC, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC ou s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda tamb&#233;m foi menor no grupo de abordagem precoce. O desenho do estudo n&#227;o se prop&#244;s primariamente avaliar seguran&#231;a e efetividade dos componentes do tratamento precoce (abla&#231;&#227;o vs. drogas antiarr&#237;tmicas - DAA). Sendo assim, os autores conclu&#237;ram que a estrat&#233;gia de controle precoce do ritmo card&#237;aco se associou a um menor risco de desfechos desfavor&#225;veis do que o tratamento usual em portadores de FA e condi&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares associadas.</p>
    <p>A abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter j&#225; se mostrou uma alternativa superior ao tratamento farmacol&#243;gico quanto ao controle do ritmo e melhora da qualidade de vida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> V&#225;rios ensaios anteriores tamb&#233;m j&#225; demonstraram o claro benef&#237;cio da abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter da FA como terapia de primeira linha, refor&#231;ando o conceito de que um menor tempo do diagn&#243;stico &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o est&#225; associado a uma menor taxa de recorr&#234;ncia e menor n&#250;mero de procedimentos repetidos, al&#233;m da redu&#231;&#227;o da hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> De maneira similar, o menor tempo entre o primeiro diagn&#243;stico de FA persistente &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o reduz a ocorr&#234;ncia de gatilhos extra veias pulmonares e recorr&#234;ncia de taquiarritmias atriais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesta revista, Cardoso et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> apresentaram uma elegante revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise sobre a superioridade da abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter como terapia de primeira linha em rela&#231;&#227;o as DAA para FA.</p>
    <p>Os ensaios selecionados deveriam preencher todos os seguintes crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o: ensaios controlados randomizados de abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter vs. DAA; pacientes com FA que n&#227;o receberam tratamento com DAA; an&#225;lise de quaisquer dos seguintes desfechos de interesse: recorr&#234;ncia de taquicardia atrial, recorr&#234;ncia de FA sintom&#225;tica, hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es, bradicardia sintom&#225;tica, e qualidade de vida. Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram estudos n&#227;o randomizados, ensaios incluindo pacientes submetidos previamente &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter ou &#224; terapia com DAA sem sucesso.</p>
    <p>Inicialmente foram identificados 1281 estudos pela estrat&#233;gia de busca e, ao final, foram inclu&#237;dos 5 estudos, com 994 pacientes, dos quais 502 (50,5%) foram submetidos &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter, com um tempo de acompanhamento que variou de um a cinco anos.</p>
    <p>A recorr&#234;ncia de TA foi significativamente menos frequente nos pacientes tratados com abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter (147/ 502; 29,2%) em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224; DAA (245/492; 49,8%) (OR 0,36; IC95% 0,25-0,52; p &lt; 0,001). A recorr&#234;ncia de FA sintom&#225;tica tamb&#233;m foi menor no grupo da abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter (57/398; 14,3%) em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo das DAA (118/393; 30%), assim como a taxa de interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares (21/436; 4,8% vs. 66/431; 15,3%) (OT 0,25; IC95% 0,15-0,42; p&lt;0,001). A bradicardia sintom&#225;tica n&#227;o foi diferente entre os dois grupos (OR 0,55; IC95% 0,18-1,65; p=0,28). Derrame ou tamponamento card&#237;aco ocorreu em 8/ 464 pacientes no grupo da abla&#231;&#227;o (1,7%).</p>
    <p>Os autores ent&#227;o concluem que os achados obtidos desta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica sugerem maior efic&#225;cia da abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter como estrat&#233;gia inicial de controle do ritmo card&#237;aco em pacientes com FA sintom&#225;tica.</p>
    <p>Dois recentes e importantes estudos lan&#231;aram luz sobre este tema, o EARLY-AF e o STOP-AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Ambos utilizaram a t&#233;cnica de crioabla&#231;&#227;o e demonstraram claramente a superioridade da abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter em rela&#231;&#227;o as DAA como terapia de primeira linha na abordagem destes pacientes.</p>
    <p>Como se pode observar, o benef&#237;cio desta estrat&#233;gia tem extensa comprova&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica. No entanto, a quest&#227;o de indicar sistematicamente abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter como terapia inicial antes das DAA encontra algumas limita&#231;&#245;es no mundo real: o acesso limitado dos pacientes a este tipo de interven&#231;&#227;o; os custos envolvidos e as fontes pagadoras; a aceita&#231;&#227;o por parte do paciente; e, acima de tudo, a aceita&#231;&#227;o e incorpora&#231;&#227;o desta conduta como uma pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica comprovadamente ben&#233;fica e segura para os nossos pacientes.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Catheter Ablation is Superior to Antiarrhythmic Drugs as First-Line Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Catheter Ablation as First-Line Therapy in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation &#8211; Should We Always Indicate it?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5333-7174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Camanho</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Eduardo Montenegro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Vignoli dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco - Servi&#231;o de Arritmias e Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Artificial, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Luiz Eduardo Montenegro Camanho</bold> &#8226; Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco - Servi&#231;o de Arritmias e Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Artificial - Rua Soares Cabral, 47-402. Postal Code <postal-code>22240-070</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil. E-mail: <email>lecamanho@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial, Fibrillation/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Thromboembolism/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Thrombolytic Therapy/adverse effects</kwd>
        <kwd>Catheter Ablation/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, affecting approximately 1 to 2% of the general population and is associated with an increased risk of cardioembolic events and a negative impact on quality of life. The cardiovascular mortality rate described is approximately 5% per year,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> and it is estimated that the risk of cardiovascular complications is higher in the first year after the diagnosis of arrhythmia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The recurrence rate of AF without adequate preventive treatment is around 90%, which expresses the magnitude of the problem.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Thus, it seems quite reasonable to postulate the concept that an early approach to AF brings relevant clinical benefits to these patients. Recent data obtained from the EAST-AFNET4<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> study clearly demonstrated that this approach is a valid and effective strategy. The study involved 2789 patients diagnosed with AF for at least 12 months who were randomized to early treatment of AF (ablation: 8% and AAD: 87%) or conservative treatment. At a median follow-up period of 5.1 years, the early treatment group demonstrated a significant reduction in the primary endpoint of cardiovascular death compared to the conservative group. The risk of stroke, hospitalization for HF or acute coronary syndrome was also lower in the early approach group. The study design was not primarily intended to assess the safety and effectiveness of early treatment components (ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drugs - AAD). Therefore, the authors concluded that an early heart rhythm control strategy was associated with a lower risk of unfavorable outcomes than usual care in patients with AF and associated cardiovascular conditions.</p>
      <p>Catheter ablation has proved to be a superior alternative to pharmacological treatment in rhythm control and improved quality of life.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Several previous trials have also demonstrated the clear benefit of catheter ablation of AF as first-line therapy, reinforcing the concept that a shorter time from diagnosis to ablation is associated with a lower rate of recurrence and fewer repeat procedures and a reduction in hospitalization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Similarly, the shorter time from the first diagnosis of persistent AF to ablation reduces the occurrence of extrapulmonary vein triggers and recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this journal, Carddoso et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> presented an elegant systematic review and meta-analysis on the superiority of catheter ablation as first-line therapy over AADs for AF.</p>
      <p>Trials selected should meet all of the following inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials of catheter ablation vs. AAD; AF patients who did not receive AAD treatment; analysis of any of the following outcomes of interest: recurrence of atrial tachycardia, recurrence of symptomatic AF, hospitalizations, symptomatic bradycardia, and quality of life. Exclusion criteria were non-randomized studies and trials, including patients who had previously undergone catheter ablation or AAD therapy without success.</p>
      <p>Initially, 1281 studies were identified by the search strategy, and, in the end, 5 studies were included, with 994 patients, of which 502 (50.5%) underwent catheter ablation, with a follow-up time that ranged from one to five years old.</p>
      <p>The recurrence of AT was significantly less frequent in patients treated with catheter ablation (147/502; 29.2%) compared to AAD (245/492; 49.8%) (OR 0.36; 95%CI 0.25 -0.52; p&lt;0.001). Recurrence of symptomatic AF was also lower in the catheter ablation group (57/398; 14.3%) compared to the AAD group (118/393; 30%), as was the rate of hospital admissions (21/436; 4.8% vs. 66/431; 15.3%) (OT 0.25; 95% CI 0.15-0.42; p&lt;0.001). Symptomatic bradycardia was not different between the two groups (OR 0.55; 95%CI 0.18-1.65; p=0.28). Effusion or cardiac tamponade occurred in 8/464 patients in the ablation group (1.7%).</p>
      <p>The authors then conclude that the findings obtained from this systematic review suggest greater efficacy of catheter ablation as an initial strategy to control heart rhythm in patients with symptomatic AF.</p>
      <p>Two recent and important studies shed light on this topic, the EARLY-AF and the STOP-AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Both used the cryoablation technique and clearly demonstrated the superiority of catheter ablation over AADs as first-line therapy in managing these patients.</p>
      <p>As can be seen, the benefit of this strategy has extensive scientific evidence. However, the question of systematically indicating catheter ablation as initial therapy before AAD encounters some limitations in the real world: patients&#8217; limited access to this type of intervention; the costs involved and the sources of payment; patient acceptance; and, above all, the acceptance and incorporation of this conduct as a clinical practice proven to be beneficial and safe for our patients.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Catheter Ablation is Superior to Antiarrhythmic Drugs as First-Line Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
