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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">wSzHSKzZsKRpYcYQPvmGPWP</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000700085</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220401</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220401</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Descenso Noturno Atenuado pode ser um Preditor de Gravidade e Complexidade da Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana em Pacientes Internados com S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5118-7990</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pio-Abreu</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial da Disciplina de Nefrologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial da Disciplina de Nefrologia, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (USP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Andrea Pio de Abreu</bold> &#8226; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMUSP &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, sala 7114. CEP <postal-code>05403-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>andreapioabreu@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>85</fpage>
      <lpage>86</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Descenso Noturno</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Est&#225; bem estabelecido que h&#225; implica&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas significativas decorrentes do comportamento anormal de alguns par&#226;metros da press&#227;o arterial (PA) nas 24 horas, obtidos atrav&#233;s da Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Ambulatorial de Press&#227;o Arterial (MAPA).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Dentre eles, destacam-se os comportamentos anormais das m&#233;dias da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (PAS) e diast&#243;lica (PAD) nas 24 horas, vig&#237;lia e sono.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Especificamente em rela&#231;&#227;o ao comportamento da PA durante o sono, j&#225; est&#225; bem estabelecido que a aus&#234;ncia do descenso noturno possui, de forma independente, impacto significativo no aumento do risco cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Outros par&#226;metros que podem ter implica&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas, s&#227;o a eleva&#231;&#227;o matinal precoce da PA, e a maior variabilidade da PA nas 24 horas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Algumas recomenda&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o essenciais para o sucesso do exame da MAPA, dentre elas, a orienta&#231;&#227;o para que o paciente mantenha suas atividades habituais durante o dia de monitoriza&#231;&#227;o. Neste sentido, a avalia&#231;&#227;o do padr&#227;o circadiano da PA em pacientes internados no hospital, n&#227;o consiste em uma das indica&#231;&#245;es do m&#233;todo, mesmo com o objetivo de estudar desfechos espec&#237;ficos.</p>
    <p>No presente estudo transversal e prospectivo, Turan et al. tiveram como objetivo avaliar, em pacientes hospitalizados com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA), a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) e menor descenso noturno da PA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Para avalia&#231;&#227;o da DAC, foi utilizado o escore SYNTAX, bem estabelecido para este fim. E para avalia&#231;&#227;o da PA foi adotada monitoriza&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, atrav&#233;s de dispositivo autom&#225;tico em monitores a beira leito. Tais medidas foram realizadas a cada hora, nos per&#237;odos diurno e noturno. Os autores estabeleceram um protocolo pr&#243;prio, considerando as m&#233;dias dos valores hor&#225;rios de PA para 9 per&#237;odos noturnos (23:00 h &#224;s 07:00 h) e 15 per&#237;odos diurnos (8:00 h &#224;s 22:00 h), obtendo-se um &#250;nico valor m&#233;dio de PA diurna e noturna. Quanto &#224; defini&#231;&#227;o de descenso (dipping) presente, ausente ou reverso, os par&#226;metros foram os mesmos utilizados na MAPA.</p>
    <p>Dentre os resultados obtidos, pode-se destacar que os pacientes internados com SCA, hipertensos e sem descenso noturno apresentaram escore SYNTAX mais alto. Al&#233;m disto, o n&#250;mero de pacientes com escores altos foi significativamente maior no grupo de hipertensos sem descenso noturno, em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo com descenso. Apesar de n&#227;o poder se estabelecer efeitos de causalidade, por se tratar de um estudo transversal, na an&#225;lise por regress&#227;o log&#237;stica mutivariada, o status de hipertens&#227;o sem descenso noturno (n&#227;o-<italic>dipper</italic>) se apresentou como um preditor independente de alto escore SYNTAX.</p>
    <p>Este &#233; o primeiro estudo que avalia o comportamento da PA noturna em pacientes hospitalizados com SCA. Por&#233;m, outro estudo publicado por Mousa et al., j&#225; havia demonstrado uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre hipertens&#227;o sem descenso, e DAC significativa em homens.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Havia sido demonstrado que a aus&#234;ncia de descenso noturno correspondia a um marcador independente de risco para DAC, com dados obtidos pela MAPA, em pacientes clinicamente est&#225;veis, e eletivos para realiza&#231;&#227;o de angiografia coronariana.</p>
    <p>Algumas limita&#231;&#245;es, devidamente descritas por Turan et al., s&#227;o bem importantes na an&#225;lise do presente estudo. Dentre elas, destacam-se a falta da verifica&#231;&#227;o da reprodutibilidade das medidas da PA, e a condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica dos pacientes avaliados, que pode ser muito distinta da condi&#231;&#227;o habitual no dia a dia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Neste sentido, vale refor&#231;ar a men&#231;&#227;o pelos autores do estudo de Xu et al., que demonstrou boa correla&#231;&#227;o entre a medida manual tradicional da PA com esfigmoman&#244;metro e a MAPA de 24 horas, na detec&#231;&#227;o de hipertensos sem descenso noturno, tamb&#233;m em ambiente hospitalar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Sabemos que a MAPA &#233; o padr&#227;o outro para a medida da PA, incluindo a avalia&#231;&#227;o do descenso noturno.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Por&#233;m, estudos como este s&#227;o importantes, para que tenhamos outras alternativas na avalia&#231;&#227;o circadiana da PA no ambiente hospitalar, e no estudo de sua correla&#231;&#227;o com desfechos. Novos estudos randomizados, e com avalia&#231;&#227;o da reprodutibilidade do m&#233;todo, poder&#227;o trazer maior respaldo para a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica em ambiente hospitalar.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: A Varia&#231;&#227;o Anormal da Press&#227;o Arterial Circadiana est&#225; Associada aos Escores SYNTAX em Pacientes Hospitalizados com S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201238</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9 Barroso WKS, Rodrigues CIS, Bortolotto LA, Mota-Gomes MA, Brand&#227;o AA, Feitosa ADM, et al. Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension - 2020. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;116(3):516-658. doi: 10.36660/abc.20201238.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Can Attenuated Nocturnal Dipping be a Predictor of the Severity and Complexity of Coronary Artery Disease in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5118-7990</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pio-Abreu</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial da Disciplina de Nefrologia, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (USP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Andrea Pio de Abreu</bold> &#8226; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMUSP &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, sala 7114. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>andreapioabreu@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Blood Pressure</kwd>
        <kwd>Nocturnal Dipping</kwd>
        <kwd>Arterial Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>It is well established that there are significant prognostic implications resulting from the abnormal behavior of some 24-hour blood pressure (BP) parameters obtained through Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Among them, the abnormal behavior of the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) in 24 hours, wakefulness and sleep, stand out.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Specifically regarding the behavior of BP during sleep, it is already well established that the absence of nocturnal dipping has, independently, a significant impact on the increased cardiovascular risk.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Other parameters that may have prognostic implications are early morning BP elevation and greater 24-hour BP variability.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Some recommendations are essential for the success of the ABPM exam, among them, the orientation for the patient to maintain their usual activities during the monitoring day. In this sense, assessing the circadian pattern of BP in hospitalized patients is not one of the indications of the method, even intending to study specific outcomes.</p>
      <p>In the present cross-sectional and prospective study, Turan T. et al. aimed to evaluate, in hospitalized patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the relationship between coronary artery disease (CAD) and lower nocturnal BP dips.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> To assess CAD, the SYNTAX score was used, which is well established for this purpose. And for BP assessment, clinical monitoring was adopted through an automatic device on monitors at the bedside. Such measurements were performed every hour, during the day and night. The authors established their own protocol, considering the averages of hourly BP values for 9 night periods (11:00 pm to 7:00 am) and 15 daytime shifts (8:00 am to 10:00 pm), obtaining a single mean daytime and nighttime BP value. Regarding the present, absent or reverse dipping definition, the parameters are the same used in the ABPM.</p>
      <p>Among the results obtained, it can be highlighted that hospitalized patients with ACS, hypertensive and without nocturnal dipping had a higher SYNTAX score. In addition, the number of patients with high scores was significantly higher in the group of hypertensive patients without nocturnal dipping compared to the group with dipping. Despite not being able to establish causality effects because it is a cross-sectional study, in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the status of hypertension without nocturnal dipping (non-dipper) was presented as an independent predictor of a high SYNTAX score.</p>
      <p>This is the first study to assess the behavior of nocturnal BP in hospitalized patients with ACS. However, another study published by Mousa et al. had already demonstrated an association between hypertension without dipping and significant CAD in men.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> It was shown that the absence of nocturnal dipping corresponded to an independent risk marker for CAD, with data obtained by ABPM in clinically stable patients, and elective coronary angiography.</p>
      <p>Some limitations, duly described by Turan T. et al., are very important in the present study's analysis. Among them, it stands out the lack of verification of the reproducibility of BP measurements and the clinical condition of the evaluated patients, which can be very different from the usual condition in everyday life.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> In this sense, it is worth reinforcing the mention by the authors of the study by Xu T. et al., who demonstrated a good correlation between the traditional manual BP measurement with a sphygmomanometer and the 24-hour ABPM in the detection of hypertensive patients without nocturnal dipping, also in a hospital.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>We know that ABPM is the gold standard for measuring BP, including the assessment of nocturnal dipping.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> However, studies like this are important so that we have other alternatives in the circadian assessment of BP in the hospital environment and the study of its correlation with outcomes. New randomized studies assessing the method's reproducibility may provide greater support for clinical practice in a hospital environment.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: A Varia&#231;&#227;o Anormal da Press&#227;o Arterial Circadiana est&#225; Associada aos Escores SYNTAX em Pacientes Hospitalizados com S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
