<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" article-type="editorial" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">ScWvF4fK75yHfs9q5dmjhDS</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000700057</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220351</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220351</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Combater o Sangramento &#8211; Um Ap&#234;ndice de Cada Vez</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5705-4865</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Garzon</surname>
            <given-names>Stefano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Bandeira</surname>
            <given-names>Willterson Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein &#8211; Cardiologia Intervencionista</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein &#8211; Cardiologia Intervencionista, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de S&#227;o Paulo - Cardiologia Intervencionista</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de S&#227;o Paulo - Cardiologia Intervencionista, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Stefano Garzon</bold> &#8226; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Cardiologia Intervencionista &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627. CEP <postal-code>05652-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>stefano.lemos@einstein.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>119</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>57</fpage>
      <lpage>58</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Anticoagulantes/uso terap&#234;utico</kwd>
        <kwd>Hemorragia</kwd>
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Ap&#234;ndice Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="18"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) &#233; a arritmia card&#237;aca mais comum,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> afetando aproximadamente 80% da popula&#231;&#227;o com 80 anos ou mais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Aumenta o risco de acidente vascular cerebral cardioemb&#243;lico em 5 vezes em todas as idades<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> e est&#225; relacionado a mais de 20% dos acidentes vasculares cerebrais em pacientes acima de 80 anos. Os AVCs emb&#243;licos costumam ser mais graves do que outros AVCs,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> e os anticoagulantes s&#227;o a base do tratamento, fundamentais para reduzir o risco cardioemb&#243;lico nessa popula&#231;&#227;o. No entanto, a decis&#227;o de iniciar anticoagulantes orais nem sempre &#233; simples e requer avalia&#231;&#227;o dos riscos emb&#243;licos e hemorr&#225;gicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> O risco emb&#243;lico em pacientes com FA geralmente &#233; avaliado usando sistemas de pontua&#231;&#227;o padronizados, como o escore CHA2DS2-VASc,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> mas pode ser refinado usando outros dados cl&#237;nicos, como tamanho do &#225;trio esquerdo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> e a dura&#231;&#227;o da FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> O risco de sangramento geralmente &#233; avaliado pelo escore HAS-BLED,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> sendo os sangramentos graves mais comuns em pacientes mais velhos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Por essa raz&#227;o, os m&#233;dicos muitas vezes t&#234;m medo de iniciar a anticoagula&#231;&#227;o em pacientes mais velhos, embora as evid&#234;ncias atuais mostrem que geralmente &#233; seguro usar anticoagulantes orais na maioria desses pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> No entanto, sangramentos maiores podem ocorrer em at&#233; 3% dos pacientes em uso de anticoagulantes orais,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> sendo necess&#225;ria a interrup&#231;&#227;o do tratamento.</p>
    <p>Mais de 90% de todos os trombos do &#225;trio esquerdo se originam no AAE,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> e a redu&#231;&#227;o do risco com oclus&#227;o do AAE &#233; compar&#225;vel &#224; anticoagula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Por esse motivo, a oclus&#227;o percut&#226;nea do AAE surgiu como tratamento alternativo para pacientes com contraindica&#231;&#227;o &#224; anticoagula&#231;&#227;o oral ou evento emb&#243;lico em uso de anticoagulantes orais. H&#225; evid&#234;ncias crescentes de que a oclus&#227;o do AAE &#233; segura e vi&#225;vel na maioria dos pacientes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> e essa experi&#234;ncia inicial multic&#234;ntrica de oclus&#227;o do AAE com o dispositivo baseado</p>
    <p>em plug LAmbre no Brasil<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> mostra resultados semelhantes &#224; literatura m&#233;dica atual. Neste estudo, 74,6% de todos os pacientes tiveram um epis&#243;dio de sangramento maior usando anticoagulantes orais ou um acidente vascular cerebral apesar da anticoagula&#231;&#227;o oral. Os pacientes apresentavam alto risco emb&#243;lico e de sangramento, com pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de CHA2DS2-VASc de 4,6&#177;1,7 e uma pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de HAS-BLED de 3,4&#177;1,1. A taxa de sucesso do procedimento foi de 100%, sem mortes ou acidentes vasculares cerebrais em um seguimento m&#233;dio de 18&#177;12 meses.</p>
    <p>Nos Estados Unidos, nos primeiros tr&#234;s anos do NCDR Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Registry,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> 38.158 pacientes foram submetidos &#224; oclus&#227;o do AAE. Independentemente das diferen&#231;as regionais, parece haver uma diferen&#231;a marcante com o Brasil. Naturalmente, o presente artigo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> n&#227;o abrange a totalidade dos casos realizados no pa&#237;s, mas reuniu casos de 18 centros de todo o Brasil, sendo 51 casos realizados em 2 anos e meio. Os brasileiros est&#227;o envelhecendo e ficando mais fr&#225;geis,<sup>19</sup> assim como seus pares em outros lugares. &#201; razo&#225;vel supor que a idade avan&#231;ada e o aumento da fragilidade tamb&#233;m aumentam os riscos de FA e sangramento nessa popula&#231;&#227;o. A quest&#227;o que fica por responder &#233;: por que a oclus&#227;o do AAE &#233; t&#227;o raramente realizada no Brasil? &#201; o custo? Ou h&#225; uma falta de consci&#234;ncia e, portanto, menos indica&#231;&#245;es? Onde devemos atuar para oferecer um melhor atendimento a esses pacientes?</p>
    <p>Em conclus&#227;o, a oclus&#227;o percut&#226;nea do AAE &#233; uma tecnologia comprovada. &#201; uma alternativa segura, vi&#225;vel e eficaz aos anticoagulantes orais em pacientes com FA e com alto risco de eventos emb&#243;licos e hemorr&#225;gicos. Esperamos que o presente estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> ajude a divulgar um procedimento que n&#227;o &#233; comum no Brasil, ao contr&#225;rio dos pacientes que provavelmente se beneficiar&#227;o dele.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Oclus&#227;o do Ap&#234;ndice Atrial Esquerdo com a Pr&#243;tese Lambre: Experi&#234;ncia Multic&#234;ntrica Inicial no Brasil</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Garwood</surname>
              <given-names>CL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Korkis</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Grande</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hanni</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Morin</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moser</surname>
              <given-names>LR</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Anticoagulation bridge therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: recent updates providing a rebalance of risk and benefit</article-title>
          <source>Pharmacotherapy</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>37</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>712</fpage>
          <lpage>724</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/phar.1937</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1 Garwood CL, Korkis B, Grande D, Hanni C, Morin A, Moser LR. Anticoagulation bridge therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: recent updates providing a rebalance of risk and benefit. Pharmacotherapy. 2017;37(6):712-24. doi: 10.1002/phar.1937.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Estes</surname>
              <given-names>NA</given-names>
              <suffix>3rd</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Halperin</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Calkins</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ezekowitz</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gitman</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Go</surname>
              <given-names>AS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>ACC/AHA/Physician Consortium 2008 Clinical Performance Measures for Adults with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures and the Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Performance Measures for Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration with the Heart Rhythm Society</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>51</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>865</fpage>
          <lpage>884</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.006</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 Estes NA 3rd, Halperin JL, Calkins H,Ezekowitz M, Gitman P, Go AS, et al. ACC/AHA/Physician Consortium 2008 Clinical Performance Measures for Adults with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures and the Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Performance Measures for Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration with the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51(8):865-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.006.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lloyd-Jones</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Adams</surname>
              <given-names>RJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brown</surname>
              <given-names>TM</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Heart disease and stroke statistics&#8211;2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>121</volume>
          <fpage>e46</fpage>
          <lpage>e215</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192667</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown TM et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics&#8211;2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010;121:e46-e215. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192667.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lin</surname>
              <given-names>HJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wolf</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kelly-Hayes</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Beiser</surname>
              <given-names>AS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kase</surname>
              <given-names>CS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Benjamin</surname>
              <given-names>EJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Stroke severity in atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Study</article-title>
          <source>Stroke</source>
          <year>1996</year>
          <volume>27</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>1760</fpage>
          <lpage>1764</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/01.str.27.10.1760</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4 Lin HJ, Wolf PA, Kelly-Hayes M, Beiser AS, Kase CS, Benjamin EJ, et al. Stroke severity in atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Study. Stroke 1996;27(10):1760-4. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.27.10.1760</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Zhu</surname>
              <given-names>Wengen</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>He</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guo</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hong</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The HAS-BLED score for predicting major bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis</article-title>
          <source>Clin Cardiol</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>38</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>555</fpage>
          <lpage>561</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/clc.22435</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5 Zhu, Wengen, He W, Guo L, Wang X, Hong K. The HAS-BLED score for predicting major bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol.2015;38(9):555-61. doi: 10.1002/clc.22435.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lip</surname>
              <given-names>GYH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Halperin</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Improving stroke risk stratification in atrial fibrillation</article-title>
          <source>Am J Med</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>123</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>484</fpage>
          <lpage>488</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.12.013</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6 Lip GYH, Halperin J. Improving stroke risk stratification in atrial fibrillation. Am J Med. 2010;123(6):484-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.12.013.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Zhang</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yi-Qiang</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Valor do Di&#226;metro do &#193;trio Esquerdo com Escore CHA2DS2-Vasc na Predi&#231;&#227;o da Trombose Atrial Esquerda/Trombose de Ap&#234;ndice Atrial Esquerdo na Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial N&#227;o Valvar</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>116</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>325</fpage>
          <lpage>331</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190492</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7 Zhang Y, Yi-Qiang Y. Valor do Di&#226;metro do &#193;trio Esquerdo com Escore CHA2DS2-Vasc na Predi&#231;&#227;o da Trombose Atrial Esquerda/Trombose de Ap&#234;ndice Atrial Esquerdo na Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial N&#227;o Valvar. Arq Bras Cardiol.2021;116(2):325-31. doi: 10.36660/abc.20190492.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kaplan</surname>
              <given-names>Rachel M.</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>&#8220;Stroke risk as a function of atrial fibrillation duration and CHA2DS2-VASc score.&#8221;</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>140</volume>
          <issue>20</issue>
          <fpage>1639</fpage>
          <lpage>1646</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041303</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Kaplan, Rachel M., et al. &#8220;Stroke risk as a function of atrial fibrillation duration and CHA2DS2-VASc score.&#8221; Circulation.2019;140(20):1639-46.doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041303.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Caldeira</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Costa</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fernandes</surname>
              <given-names>RM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pinto</surname>
              <given-names>FI</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ferreira</surname>
              <given-names>IJ</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>&#8221;Performance of the HAS-BLED high bleeding-risk category, compared to ATRIA and HEMORR2HAGES in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.&#8221;</article-title>
          <source>J Intervent Card Electrolphysiol</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>40</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>277</fpage>
          <lpage>284</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10840-014-9930-y</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9 Caldeira D, Costa J, Fernandes RM, Pinto FI, Ferreira IJ.&#8221;Performance of the HAS-BLED high bleeding-risk category, compared to ATRIA and HEMORR2HAGES in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.&#8221; J Intervent Card Electrolphysiol.2014;40(3):277-84. doi: 10.1007/s10840-014-9930-y.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Fauchier</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chaize</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gaudin</surname>
              <given-names>AF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vainchtock</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rushton-Smith</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cotte</surname>
              <given-names>FE</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Predictive ability of HAS-BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, and ATRIA bleeding risk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation. A French nationwide cross-sectional study</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>217</volume>
          <fpage>85</fpage>
          <lpage>91</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.173</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10 Fauchier L<italic>,</italic> Chaize G, Gaudin AF, Vainchtock A, Rushton-Smith S,Cotte FE.<italic/> Predictive ability of HAS-BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, and ATRIA bleeding risk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation. A French nationwide cross-sectional study. Int J Cardiol.2016;217:85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.173.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Man-Son-Hing</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laupacis</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Anticoagulant-related bleeding in older persons with atrial fibrillation: physicians&#8217; fears often unfounded.&#8221;</article-title>
          <source>Arch Int Med Int Med</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>163</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1580</fpage>
          <lpage>1586</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/archinte.163.13.1580</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>11 Man-Son-Hing M,Laupacis A. Anticoagulant-related bleeding in older persons with atrial fibrillation: physicians&#8217; fears often unfounded.&#8221; Arch Int Med Int Med.2003;163(13):1580-6. doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.13.1580.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Avezum</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bahit</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Diaz</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Easton</surname>
              <given-names>JD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ezekowitz</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Flaker</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>365</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>981</fpage>
          <lpage>992</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1107039</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>12 Avezum A, Bahit MC, Diaz R, Easton JD, Ezekowitz JA, Flaker G, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(11):981-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1107039.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Blackshear</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Odell</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation</article-title>
          <source>Ann Thorac Surg</source>
          <year>1996</year>
          <volume>61</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>565</fpage>
          <lpage>569</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0003-4975(95)00885-3</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>13 Blackshear JL, Odell JA. <italic>Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation</italic>. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61(2):565-9. doi: 10.1016/0003-4975(95)00885-3.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nielsen-Kudsk</surname>
              <given-names>JE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>korsholm</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Damgaard</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Valentin</surname>
              <given-names>JB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Diener</surname>
              <given-names>H-C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Camm</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical outcomes associated with left atrial appendage occlusion versus direct oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation.&#8221;</article-title>
          <source>Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>69</fpage>
          <lpage>78</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jcin.2020.09.051</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>14 Nielsen-Kudsk JE, korsholm K, Damgaard D, Valentin JB, Diener H-C,Camm AJ, et al. Clinical outcomes associated with left atrial appendage occlusion versus direct oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation.&#8221; Cardiovasc Interv.2021;14(1):69-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2020.09.051</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Reddy</surname>
              <given-names>VY</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Holmes</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Doshi</surname>
              <given-names>SK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Neuzil</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kar</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Safety of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: results from the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with AF (PROTECT AF) clinical trial and the Continued Access Registry</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>123</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>417</fpage>
          <lpage>424</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.976449</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>15 Reddy VY, Holmes DR, Doshi SK, Neuzil P, Kar S. Safety of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: results from the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with AF (PROTECT AF) clinical trial and the Continued Access Registry. Circulation 2011;123(4):417-24. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.976449.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Fountain</surname>
              <given-names>RB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Holmes</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chadrasekaran</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Packer</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Asirvathan</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Van Tassel</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The PROTECT AF (WATCHMAN left atrial appendage system for embolic PROTECTion in patients with atrial fibrillation) trial</article-title>
          <source>Am Heart J</source>
          <year>2006</year>
          <volume>151</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>956</fpage>
          <lpage>961</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ahj.2006.02.005</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>16 Fountain RB, Holmes DR, Chadrasekaran K, Packer D, Asirvathan S, Van Tassel R, et al. The PROTECT AF (WATCHMAN left atrial appendage system for embolic PROTECTion in patients with atrial fibrillation) trial. Am Heart J.2006;151(5):956-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.02.005</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Freeman</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Varosy</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Price</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Slotwiner</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kusumoto</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rammosan</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The NCDR left atrial appendage occlusion registry</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>75</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1503</fpage>
          <lpage>1518</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.040</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>17 Freeman J,Varosy P, Price MJ, Slotwiner D, Kusumoto, Rammosan C, et al. The NCDR left atrial appendage occlusion registry. J Am Coll Cardiol.2020;75(13):1503-18. Doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.040.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chami&#233;</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guerios</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>DP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fuks</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Torres</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Left Atrial Appendage Closure with the LAmbre Device &#8211; Initial Multicentre Experience in Brazil</source>
          <comment>DOI: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210275">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210275</ext-link></comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>18 Chami&#233; F, Guerios E, Silva DP, Fuks V, Torres R. Left Atrial Appendage Closure with the LAmbre Device &#8211; Initial Multicentre Experience in Brazil. DOI: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210275">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210275</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tackling Bleeding &#8211; One Appendage at a Time</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5705-4865</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Garzon</surname>
            <given-names>Stefano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Bandeira</surname>
            <given-names>Willterson Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein &#8211; Cardiologia Intervencionista, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de S&#227;o Paulo - Cardiologia Intervencionista, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Stefano Garzon</bold> &#8226; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Cardiologia Intervencionista &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627. Postal Code <postal-code>05652-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>stefano.lemos@einstein.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Anticoagulants/therapeutic use</kwd>
        <kwd>Hemorrhage</kwd>
        <kwd>Arrhythmias, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Appendage</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> affecting approximately 80% of the population aged 80 years or older.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> It increases the risk of cardioembolic stroke 5-fold across all ages<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> and is related to more than 20% of strokes in patients above 80 years. Embolic strokes are often more severe than other strokes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> and anticoagulants are the cornerstone of the treatment, paramount to reducing cardioembolic risk in this population. However, the decision to start oral anticoagulants is not always straightforward and requires assessing both embolic and bleeding risks.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Embolic risk in patients with AF is usually assessed using standardized scoring systems such as the CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> but it can be further refined using other clinical data such as left atrial size<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> and duration of AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Bleeding risk is usually assessed using the HAS-BLED score,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> with severe bleedings being more common in older patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> For that reason, physicians are often fearful of starting anticoagulation in older patients, even though current evidence shows that it is usually safe to use oral anticoagulants in most of these patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> However, major bleeding can occur in up to 3% of patients using oral anticoagulants,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> requiring the interruption of the treatment.</p>
      <p>Over 90% of all left atrial thrombi originate in the LAA,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> and the risk reduction with LAA occlusion is comparable to anticoagulation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> For this reason, percutaneous LAA occlusion has emerged as an alternative treatment for patients with either contra-indications to oral anticoagulation or an embolic event while using oral anticoagulants. There is growing evidence that LAA occlusion is safe and feasible in most patients,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> and this initial multi-centric experience of LAA occlusion using the plug-based device LAmbre in Brazil<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> shows similar results to current medical literature. In this study, 74.6% of all patients have had either a major bleeding episode using oral anticoagulants or a stroke despite oral anticoagulation. Patients were at high embolic and bleeding risks, with a mean CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score of 4.6 &#177; 1.7 and a mean HAS-BLED score of 3.4 &#177; 1.1. The procedure's success rate was 100%, with no deaths or strokes at a mean follow-up of 18 &#177; 12 months.</p>
      <p>In the United States, in the first three years of the NCDR Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Registry,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> 38,158 patients underwent LAA occlusion. Regardless of regional differences, there seems to be a striking difference with Brazil. Naturally, the present article<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> does not encompass the entirety of cases performed in the country, but it gathered cases from 18 centers across Brazil, with 51 cases being performed in 2 and a half years. Brazilians are aging and getting frailer,<sup>19</sup> similar to their counterparts elsewhere. It is reasonable to assume that older age and increasing frailty also increase AF and bleeding risks in this population. The question that remains to be answered is: why LAA occlusion is so rarely performed in Brazil? Is it the cost? Or is there a lack of awareness and, therefore, fewer indications? Where should we act to deliver better care to these patients?</p>
      <p>In conclusion, percutaneous LAA occlusion is a proven technology. It is a safe, feasible and effective alternative to oral anticoagulants in patients with AF and at high risk of both embolic and bleeding events. Hopefully, the present study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> will help spread the word about a procedure that is not common in Brazil, unlike the patients who are likely to benefit from it.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Left Atrial Appendage Closure with the LAmbre Device &#8211; Initial Multicentre Experience in Brazil</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
