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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">gqywxbKmwwH6fmzbJPhyhKR</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000601116</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220314</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220314</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o de V&#225;rias Vias Fisiopatol&#243;gicas no Progn&#243;stico da Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca com Fra&#231;&#227;o de Eje&#231;&#227;o Reduzida: Vendo Al&#233;m do Cora&#231;&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8836-345X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa-Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Marcos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Andreza Ara&#250;jo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Nilton Lins</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Manaus</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AM</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Jo&#227;o Marcos Barbosa-Ferreira</bold> &#8226; Rua Ramos Ferreira, 199, Ap 1303. CEP <postal-code>69010-120</postal-code>, Aparecida, Manaus, AM - Brasil. E-mail: <email>jmbemfica@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1116</fpage>
      <lpage>1117</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarcadores</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O manuscrito &#8220;Escore albumina-bilirrubina para predizer desfechos em pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada idiop&#225;tica&#8221; fornece uma maneira importante de avaliar o progn&#243;stico de pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada (CMD), demonstrando uma maior taxa de eventos cl&#237;nicos adversos maiores (ECAMs) em pacientes com pontua&#231;&#227;o mais alta. Al&#233;m disso, esse escore funciona como um preditor independente de mortalidade em longo prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca com Fra&#231;&#227;o de Eje&#231;&#227;o Reduzida (ICFEr), muitas vezes caracterizada como CMD, tem seus aspectos fisiopatol&#243;gicos intimamente relacionados &#224; sua terap&#234;utica e progn&#243;stico. O estudo da fisiopatologia da ICFEr baseia-se nas altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas cardiovasculares e a intensa ativa&#231;&#227;o neuro-humoral (principalmente do sistema nervoso aut&#244;nomo, sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona e sistema pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos). Esses aspectos fisiopatol&#243;gicos s&#227;o amplamente utilizados na terapia e avalia&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica de pacientes com ICFEr.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao progn&#243;stico, as vari&#225;veis mais estudadas est&#227;o relacionadas a aspectos dessa fisiopatologia ou seus aspectos cl&#237;nicos, como fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o, remodelamento card&#237;aco, dosagem de catecolaminas, capacidade funcional, consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio, dosagem de pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico, classe funcional, ultrassonografia pulmonar, entre outros marcadores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Mais recentemente, outras vias fisiopatol&#243;gicas t&#234;m sido cada vez mais estudadas e incorporadas ao tratamento de pacientes com ICFEr. Um exemplo disso &#233; o estudo das altera&#231;&#245;es no metabolismo da glicose e seu tratamento neste grupo de pacientes. Portanto, a avalia&#231;&#227;o de outras vias metab&#243;licas ou o envolvimento de outros &#243;rg&#227;os e sistemas em pacientes com ICFEr &#233; um aspecto importante a ser estudado quanto ao progn&#243;stico desses pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Rahimi et al. publicaram uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica em que as principais vari&#225;veis progn&#243;sticas estavam relacionadas aos aspectos cl&#237;nico-epidemiol&#243;gicos ou aos aspectos fisiopatol&#243;gicos mais tradicionalmente estudados, como idade, sexo, fun&#231;&#227;o renal, press&#227;o arterial e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o, classe funcional, capacidade funcional e n&#237;veis de pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos. No entanto, outros par&#226;metros como diabetes, peso ou &#237;ndice de massa corporal tamb&#233;m foram associados a um pior progn&#243;stico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Outros par&#226;metros n&#227;o diretamente relacionados ao cora&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m foram associados a pior progn&#243;stico na ICFEr. Alatas et al. demonstraram em uma an&#225;lise multivariada que a microalbumin&#250;ria prediz a mortalidade intra-hospitalar em pacientes com ICFEr e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;dio alcance (ICFEm), mas n&#227;o em fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada (ICFEp).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A anemia e o metabolismo do ferro foram extensivamente estudados para melhorar os sintomas e a qualidade da vida e avalia&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica de pacientes com IC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, Tavares et al. observaram associa&#231;&#227;o entre caquexia e desnutri&#231;&#227;o com mortalidade em pacientes com cardiopatia chag&#225;sica cr&#244;nica, achados tamb&#233;m encontrados em outras etiologias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Portanto, um maior conhecimento da import&#226;ncia do envolvimento de outros &#243;rg&#227;os em pacientes com IC pode melhorar a avalia&#231;&#227;o geral desses pacientes. Nesse contexto, a disfun&#231;&#227;o hep&#225;tica avaliada pelo escore albumina-bilirrubina &#233; &#250;til para uma avalia&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica mais completa. Outros estudos demonstraram a import&#226;ncia da disfun&#231;&#227;o hep&#225;tica tamb&#233;m em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aguda.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Sabemos que a ICFEr vem apresentando uma melhora substancial nas curvas de mortalidade ao longo dos anos, mas permanece com altas taxas de mortalidade, principalmente entre 5 e 10 anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Novas formas de avalia&#231;&#227;o, incluindo o acometimento de outros &#243;rg&#227;os e sistemas e/ou mesmo a avalia&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica, podem contribuir para uma melhora ainda maior dessas curvas de mortalidade por meio de uma melhor terapia e avalia&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Escore Albumina-Bilirrubina para Predizer Desfechos em Pacientes com Cardiomiopatia Dilatada Idiop&#225;tica</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Evaluation of Various Pathophysiological Pathways in the Prognosis of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Seeing Beyond the Heart</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8836-345X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa-Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Marcos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Andreza Ara&#250;jo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Manaus</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AM</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Jo&#227;o Marcos Barbosa-Ferreira</bold> &#8226; Rua Ramos Ferreira, 199, Ap 1303. Postal Code <postal-code>69010-120</postal-code>, Aparecida, Manaus, AM - Brazil. E-mail: <email>jmbemfica@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarkers</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The manuscript &#8220;Albumin-bilirubin score to predict outcomes in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy&#8221; provides an important way to assess the prognosis of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by demonstrating a higher rate of major adverse clinical events (MACEs) in patients with a higher score. Furthermore, this score works as an independent predictor of long-term mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), often characterized as DCM, has its pathophysiological aspects closely related to its therapy and prognosis. The study of the pathophysiology of HFrEF is based on cardiovascular hemodynamic alterations and intense neurohumoral activation (mainly of the autonomic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and natriuretic peptides system). These pathophysiological aspects are widely used in the therapy and prognostic assessment of patients with HFrEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Regarding prognosis, the most studied variables are related to aspects of this pathophysiology or its clinical aspects, such as ejection fraction, cardiac remodeling, catecholamine dosage, functional capacity, maximum oxygen consumption, natriuretic peptide dosage, functional class, pulmonary ultrasound, among other markers.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>More recently, other pathophysiological pathways have been increasingly studied and incorporated into the treatment of patients with HFrEF. An example of this is the study of changes in glucose metabolism and its treatment in this group of patients. Therefore, the evaluation of other metabolic pathways or the involvement of other organs and systems in patients with HFrEF is an important aspect to be studied regarding the prognosis of these patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Rahimi et al. published a systematic review in which the main prognostic variables were related to clinical-epidemiological aspects or the most traditionally studied aspects of pathophysiology, such as age, sex, renal function, blood pressure, and ejection fraction, functional class, functional capacity and levels of natriuretic peptides. However, other parameters such as diabetes, weight or body mass index were also associated with a worse prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Other parameters not directly related to the heart have also been associated with a worse prognosis in HFrEF. Alatas et al. demonstrated in a multivariate analysis that microalbuminuria predicted in-hospital mortality in patients with HFrEF and mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) but not in preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Anemia and iron metabolism have been extensively studied to improve symptoms and quality of life and the prognostic assessment of patients with HF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> In addition, Tavares et al. observed an association between cachexia and malnutrition with mortality in patients with chronic Chagas&#8217; heart disease, findings also found in other etiologies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Therefore, greater knowledge of the importance of the involvement of other organs in patients with HF may improve the general assessment of these patients. In this context, liver dysfunction assessed by the Albumin-bilirubin score is useful for a more complete prognostic assessment. Other studies demonstrated the importance of the liver dysfunction also in patients with acute heart failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>We know that HFrEF has shown a substantial improvement in mortality curves over the years, but it remains with high mortality rates, especially between 5 and 10 years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> New forms of evaluation, including the involvement of other organs and systems and/or even genetic evaluation, may contribute to an even greater improvement in these mortality curves through improved therapy and prognostic assessment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Albumin-Bilirubin Score to Predict Outcomes in Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
