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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">MtQhgCX7NgS5Xd6pWtf4n4c</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000601097</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220325</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220325</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>TAVI na Am&#233;rica Latina &#8211; Chegaremos L&#225;!</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Gioppato</surname>
            <given-names>Silvio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0047-7859</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Modolo</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Campinas</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Campinas</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Medicina Interna &#8211; Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia, Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas. Universidade de Campinas &#8211; UNICAMP, Campinas, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Boston Scientific Corporation</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Maple Grove</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="US">EUA</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Boston Scientific Corporation, Maple Grove &#8211; EUA</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Rodrigo Modolo &#8226;</bold> Boston Sicentific Corporation &#8211; 1 Scimed Place, Maple Grove, MN <postal-code>55311</postal-code> &#8211; Minnesota, USA. E-mail: <email>modolo.rodrigo@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Dr. Modolo &#233; empregado da Boston Scientific Corporation (EUA), fabricante das v&#225;lvulas Acurate.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1097</fpage>
      <lpage>1098</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva A&#243;rtica</kwd>
        <kwd>Valva A&#243;rtica/anormalidades</kwd>
        <kwd>Substitui&#231;&#227;o da Valva A&#243;rtica</kwd>
        <kwd>Transcateter/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea/m&#233;todos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A exemplo da interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea, o Implante Transcateter de V&#225;lvula A&#243;rtica (TAVI) caminha a passos largos na dire&#231;&#227;o de superar a abordagem cir&#250;rgica e se tornar o procedimento predominante no tratamento da estenose a&#243;rtica. Desde o primeiro implante percut&#226;neo feito pela equipe do Dr. Alain Cribier, que completa 2 d&#233;cadas este ano, o TAVI vem demonstrando, estudo ap&#243;s estudo, robustas evid&#234;ncias da sua efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Em cada etapa desta jornada, os desafios foram sendo sucessivamente superados tanto pelo aperfei&#231;oamento dos dispositivos como pelos aprendizados adquiridos pelos operadores, o que permitiu avan&#231;ar de forma consistente do cen&#225;rio do risco cir&#250;rgico proibitivo at&#233; o de baixo risco em pouco mais de 15 anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> E a evolu&#231;&#227;o &#233; ininterrupta<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> &#8211; estudos em andamento investigam a expans&#227;o do TAVI para popula&#231;&#245;es de pacientes jovens, valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide, assintom&#225;ticos e mesmo na insufici&#234;ncia a&#243;rtica pura.</p>
    <p>Hoje a pergunta de 1 milh&#227;o de d&#243;lares &#233; sobre a durabilidade dos dispositivos que, em parte, come&#231;a a ser respondida. Em 2019, Thyregod et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> publicaram o resultado de 5 anos do estudo NOTION (The Nordic Aortic Valve Intervention Trial) mostrando n&#227;o haver diferen&#231;as tanto no objetivo prim&#225;rio composto de morte por qualquer causa, AVC ou infarto (TAVR 38% x SAVR 36%; p=0,86) como nos eventos individuais. Mais recentemente, no congresso do American College of Cardiology (ACC 2022), Michael Reardon apresentou os resultados de 5 anos combinando os estudos CoreValve US Pivotal e SURTAVI mostrando que em pacientes de risco intermedi&#225;rio ou alto a taxa de deteriora&#231;&#227;o estrutural da v&#225;lvula foi significativamente menor no grupo TAVI comparado ao grupo cir&#250;rgico (2,57% x 4,38%; p=0,0095). Mas esses dados ainda s&#227;o insuficientes para responder se o TAVI ser&#225; o Padr&#227;o Ouro no tratamento das doen&#231;as da valva a&#243;rtica, independentemente de etiologia, idade ou tipo de disfun&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Aspecto tamb&#233;m importante &#233; o financiamento da tecnologia. Sempre que surge um avan&#231;o tecnol&#243;gico com seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia comprovadas por estudos cl&#237;nicos, ocorre um choque entre evid&#234;ncia e custo da tecnologia, gerando um debate que acaba consumindo tempo entre a consolida&#231;&#227;o das evid&#234;ncias e a incorpora&#231;&#227;o da tecnologia aos sistemas de sa&#250;de do mundo todo. Contudo, nos pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento, esse embate &#233; ainda mais alongado, criando um paradoxo no qual a tecnologia est&#225; presente na pr&#225;tica m&#233;dica, mas inacess&#237;vel &#224; maior parte da popula&#231;&#227;o por anos. Tal descompasso estabelece um distanciamento entre as realidades dos pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento no que tange ao volume de procedimentos, n&#250;mero de centros capacitados, expertise dos operadores e a disponibilidade de diferentes dispositivos.</p>
    <p>Com olhar voltado para o tema, nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Bernardini et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> buscaram como objetivo prim&#225;rio comparar a pr&#225;tica da TAVI entre centros latino-americanos e do resto do mundo a partir de dados da pesquisa WRITTEN 2015 que abarcou 250 centros no mundo todo, sendo 29 na Am&#233;rica Latina (AL), aqui representados como LATAM 15, e 221 nos demais pa&#237;ses e continentes (WORLD 15). A pesquisa consistiu num question&#225;rio composto por 59 perguntas abrangendo diferentes dom&#237;nios do TAVI que foi enviado para diversos centros no mundo todo, cuja decis&#227;o de participa&#231;&#227;o foi espont&#226;nea e volunt&#225;ria. Como objetivo secund&#225;rio os autores buscaram avaliar tamb&#233;m a evolu&#231;&#227;o na pr&#225;tica da TAVI na AL ap&#243;s 5 anos atrav&#233;s de uma nova rodada do question&#225;rio no continente em 2020 (LATAM 20).</p>
    <p>Os resultados n&#227;o surpreendem quando comparados ao resto do mundo, sendo observado que na AL a experi&#234;ncia cumulativa e o volume anual de procedimentos foram muito menores (mediana 34 vs. 200; p&lt;0,001) refletindo o hiato existente entre pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos e aqueles em desenvolvimento. Entretanto, h&#225; um lado positivo observado neste estudo que mostra uma aproxima&#231;&#227;o das pr&#225;ticas dos centros LATAM 20 com os centros WORLD 15. Vale destacar o crescimento, mesmo sem atingir diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica, de quase duas vezes no volume de procedimentos dos centros LATAM 20 comparado aos LATAM 15 (mediana 62 vs. 34; p=0,08), o aumento significativo na propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes de risco cir&#250;rgico intermedi&#225;rio e baixo (15,2% vs. 21,2% e 2,2% vs. 6,4%, respectivamente, p=0,04) e o aumento significativo no n&#250;mero de centros realizando procedimentos transfemorais com seda&#231;&#227;o consciente/anestesia local (LATAM 15 4% x LATAM 20 11%; p&lt;0,001). A aproxima&#231;&#227;o das pr&#225;ticas tamb&#233;m aparece nas condutas peri e p&#243;s-procedimento e de seguimento, as quais nos centros LATAM 20 est&#227;o em compasso com aquelas observadas nos centros WORLD 15.</p>
    <p>O fato de os achados estarem lastreados em informa&#231;&#245;es retrospectivas, fornecidas por meio de question&#225;rios facultativos e n&#227;o compuls&#243;rios, fragilizam a extrapola&#231;&#227;o das interpreta&#231;&#245;es. Mas n&#227;o enfraquecem a vis&#227;o de que o descompasso entre a AL e o resto do mundo existe e precisa ser considerado pelas autoridades de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica desses pa&#237;ses. Os autores tamb&#233;m refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia do trabalho de educa&#231;&#227;o continuada desenvolvido pelas sociedades m&#233;dicas em parceria com a ind&#250;stria para o crescimento e aperfei&#231;oamento consistente da t&#233;cnica no nosso meio.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Evolu&#231;&#227;o e Estado Atual das Pr&#225;ticas de Implante Transcateter de V&#225;lvula A&#243;rtica na Am&#233;rica Latina &#8211; estudo WRITTEN LATAM</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implant in Latin America &#8211; We will Get There!</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Gioppato</surname>
            <given-names>Silvio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0047-7859</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Modolo</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Campinas</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Medicina Interna &#8211; Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia, Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas. Universidade de Campinas &#8211; UNICAMP, Campinas, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Maple Grove</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="US">USA</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Boston Scientific Corporation, Maple Grove &#8211; USA</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Rodrigo Modolo &#8226;</bold> Boston Sicentific Corporation &#8211; 1 Scimed Place, Maple Grove, MN <postal-code>55311</postal-code> &#8211; Minnesota, USA. E-mail: <email>modolo.rodrigo@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Conflcit of interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Dr. Modolo is employeed full-time by Boston Scientific Corporation, the manufacturer of the Acurate valve systems.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Stenosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve/abnormalities</kwd>
        <kwd>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>As with percutaneous coronary intervention, the Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is making great strides toward overcoming the surgical approach and becoming the predominant procedure in treating aortic stenosis. Since the first percutaneous implantation made by Dr. Alain Cribier, who turns 2 decades old this year, TAVI has demonstrated, study after study, robust evidence of its efficacy and safety.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> At each stage of this journey, the challenges were successively overcome both by the improvement of the devices and the skills acquired by the operators, which allowed us to move consistently from the prohibitive surgical risk scenario to the low-risk scenario in just over 15 years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Furthermore, evolution is unfolding<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> &#8211; ongoing studies investigate the expansion of TAVI for young patient populations, bicuspid aortic valve, asymptomatic and even pure aortic regurgitation.</p>
      <p>Today the million-dollar question is about the durability of devices that, in part, starts to be answered. In 2019, Thyregod et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> published the 5-year result of the NOTION study (The Nordic Aortic Valve Intervention Trial), showing no differences in either the primary composite endpoint of death from any cause, stroke or heart attack (TAVR 38% vs. SAVR 36%; p=0.86) as in individual events. More recently, at the American College of Cardiology Congress (ACC 2022), Michael Reardon presented the 5-year results combining the CoreValve US Pivotal and SURTAVI studies showing that in intermediate- or high-risk patients, the rate of valve structural deterioration was significantly lower in the TAVI group compared to the surgical group (2.57% x 4.38%; p=0.0095). Nevertheless, these data are still insufficient to answer whether TAVI will be the Gold Standard for treating aortic valve diseases, regardless of etiology, age or type of dysfunction.</p>
      <p>Another important aspect is the financing of technology. Whenever a technological advance appears with safety and efficacy proven by clinical studies, there is a clash between evidence and the cost of technology, generating a debate that ends up consuming time between the consolidation of evidence and the incorporation of technology into health systems around the world. However, this struggle is even longer in developing countries, creating a paradox in which technology is present in medical practice but inaccessible to most of the population for years. Such a mismatch establishes a gap between the realities of developed and developing countries in terms of procedure volume, number of trained centers, operators&#8217; expertise, and the availability of different devices.</p>
      <p>With an eye on the subject, in this edition of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, Bernardini et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> sought as a primary objective to compare the TAVI practice between Latin American centers and the rest of the world, based on data from the WRITTEN 2015 survey that covered 250 centers worldwide, being 29 in Latin America, represented here as LATAM 15, and 221 in other countries and continents (WORLD 15). The research consisted of a questionnaire composed of 59 questions covering different TAVI domains sent to several centers worldwide whose decision to participate was spontaneous and voluntary. As a secondary objective, the authors also sought to assess the evolution of TAVI practice in Latin America (LA) after 5 years through a new round of the questionnaire on the continent in 2020 (LATAM 20).</p>
      <p>The results are not surprising when compared to the rest of the world, noting that in LA, the cumulative experience and the annual volume of procedures were much lower (median 34 vs. 200; p&lt;0.001), reflecting the gap between developed and developing countries. However, there is a positive side observed in this study, which shows an approximation of the practices of the LATAM 20 centers with the WORLD 15 centers. It is worth mentioning the nearly 2-fold increase in procedure volume comparing the 5-year period between 2015 and 2020 in LA &#8211; event though not statistically significant &#8211; (median 62 vs 34 procedures; p=0.08); the significant increase in the proportion of patients with intermediate and low surgical risk (15.2% vs 21.2% and 2.2% vs 6.4%, respectively for LATAM 15 and 20, p=0,04) and the significant increase in the number of centers performing transfemoral procedures with conscious sedation/local anesthesia (LATAM 15 4% x LATAM 20 11%; P&lt;0.001). The approximation of practices also appears in the peri- and post-procedure and follow-up procedures, which in the LATAM 20 centers are in step with those observed in the WORLD 15 centers.</p>
      <p>The fact that the findings are backed by retrospective information, provided through optional and non-compulsory questionnaires, weakens the extrapolation of interpretations. However, they do not weaken the view that the mismatch between LA and the rest of the world exists and needs to be addressed by public health authorities in these countries. The authors also reinforce the importance of continuing education work developed by medical societies in partnership with industry for the consistent growth and improvement of the technique in our LA countries</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn11">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Recent Developments and Current Status of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Practice in Latin America &#8211; the WRITTEN LATAM Study</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
