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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">8qdM59rty4ShHmngnTg8gds</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000500946</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220254</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220254</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Como Devemos Investigar a Les&#227;o Cardiovascular em Pacientes Pedi&#225;tricos com COVID-19 Criticamente Enfermos em um Cen&#225;rio de Vulnerabilidade Socioecon&#244;mica?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6600-2311</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Leal</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Nunes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto da Crian&#231;a e do Adolescente do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital e Maternidade S&#227;o Luiz Itaim</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital e Maternidade S&#227;o Luiz Itaim, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Gabriela Nunes Leal &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto da Crian&#231;a &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 647. CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>gnleal@gmail.com</email> , <email>gabriela.leal@hc.fm.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>946</fpage>
      <lpage>948</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Crian&#231;as</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Respirat&#243;ria Aguda Grave</kwd>
        <kwd>Inflama&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A literatura publicada em todo mundo documentou extensivamente a inj&#250;ria cardiovascular em pacientes cr&#237;ticos com COVID-19. O envolvimento card&#237;aco parece ser uma caracter&#237;stica proeminente da doen&#231;a entre os adultos, ocorrendo em 20% a 30% dos pacientes hospitalizados e contribu&#237;ndo para 40% das mortes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Crian&#231;as e adolescentes s&#227;o em geral poupados da COVID-19, com poucos apresentando sintomas. No entanto, a descri&#231;&#227;o da S&#237;ndrome Inflamat&#243;ria Multissist&#234;mica em Pediatria (SIM-P) refor&#231;ou que, apesar de raras, a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica grave e a morte s&#227;o poss&#237;veis na popula&#231;&#227;o pedi&#225;trica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O comprometimento cardiovascular na SIM-P associado &#224; COVID-19 &#233; frequente, constituindo inclusive um dos crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos para essa condi&#231;&#227;o patol&#243;gica segundo da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> ).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>&#8211; Crit&#233;rios de defini&#231;&#227;o da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS) para s&#237;ndrome inflamat&#243;ria multissist&#234;mica em pediatria (SIM-P), associada &#224; COVID-19.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-118-05-0946-20254-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Feldstein et al. detectaram 80% de comprometimento card&#237;aco em um grupo de 186 pacientes com SIM-P, de 26 estados americanos. Cabe notar que 91% desses pacientes haviam realizado pelo menos um ecocardiograma durante a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Dados nacionais recentes documentaram 48% de anormalidades ecocardiogr&#225;ficas em uma coorte de pacientes pedi&#225;tricos hospitalizados por COVID-19 em um &#250;nico centro, associadas &#224; presen&#231;a de SIM-P, admiss&#227;o &#224; unidade de terapia intensiva pedi&#225;trica, disfun&#231;&#227;o de m&#250;ltiplos &#243;rg&#227;os, necessidade de suporte ventilat&#243;rio/inotr&#243;pico e morte. No mesmo estudo, a disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica ventricular e os aneurismas coronarianos detectados ao ecocardiograma foram associados a n&#237;veis mais altos de troponina, assim como d&#237;mero-D e marcadores inflamat&#243;rios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Taxas de mortalidade mais altas devido &#224; COVID-19 em crian&#231;as foram identificadas no Brasil, em rela&#231;&#227;o aos demais pa&#237;ses (8,2% x 1%), principalmente em decorr&#234;ncia de vulnerabilidade social a acesso limitado a suporte m&#233;dico adequado. Uma vez que frequentemente faltam dados sobre a mortalidade de pacientes que n&#227;o foram internados, &#233; esperado que o efeito da pandemia sobre a popula&#231;&#227;o pedi&#225;trica seja ainda subestimado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>De acordo com dados robustos coletados de 5857 pacientes com menos de 20 anos, todos hospitalizados por COVID-19 confirmada laboratorialmente, condi&#231;&#245;es socioecon&#244;micas, regionais e &#233;tnicas parecem moldar a mortalidade de crian&#231;as com COVID-19 no Brasil. Quando comparadas a crian&#231;as brancas, ind&#237;genas e pardas apresentam maior chance de morrer (OR: 5,83, IC 95%: 2,43 a 14,02; OR: 1,93, IC 95%: 1,48 a 2,51 respectivamente). Os autores tamb&#233;m encontraram influ&#234;ncia regional (maior taxa de mortalidade no norte &#8211; OR: 3,4, IC 95%: 2,48 a 4,65) e associa&#231;&#227;o com com a condi&#231;&#227;o socioecon&#244;mica (mortalidade menor entre crian&#231;as origin&#225;rias de munic&#237;pios mais desenvolvidos &#8211; OR: 0,26, IC 95%: 0,17 a 0,38).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares que trazem risco &#224; vida podem n&#227;o ser prontamente reconhecidas em cen&#225;rios de poucos recursos, contribu&#237;ndo para desfechos desfavor&#225;veis em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos cr&#237;ticos com COVID-19. Ferramentas de imagem de alto custo, como tomografia computadorizada ou resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica, est&#227;o geralmente indispon&#237;veis. Mesmo um ecocardiograma &#224; beira do leito, sugerido pela maioria dos guias de manejo da SIM-P, pode n&#227;o estar acess&#237;vel &#224; admiss&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A identifica&#231;&#227;o de par&#226;metros laboratoriais em apresenta&#231;&#227;o precoce, que possam levantar suspeita de comprometimento cardiovascular e a necessidade de cuidado intensivo &#233; crucial, particularmente na aus&#234;ncia de recursos de imagem.</p>
    <p>Um elegante estudo multinacional envolvendo jovens latinoamericanos examinou caracter&#237;sticas pr&#243;prias da s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria aguda grave secund&#225;ria &#224; COVID-19 e da SIM-P, com e sem comprometimento cardiovascular. Foram inclu&#237;dos 98 pacientes de 32 centros, distribu&#237;dos em 10 pa&#237;ses da Am&#233;rica Central, Am&#233;rica do Sul e M&#233;xico. O grupo com comprometimento cardiovascular foi definido pelo diagn&#243;stico de: taquicardia atrial ou ventricular, sustentada ou n&#227;o; bloqueio atrioventricular de qualquer grau; dilata&#231;&#227;o de qualquer segmento coronariano (escore-z &gt; +2); fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo abaixo de 50%; dilata&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda (escore-z do di&#226;metro diast&#243;lico &gt; +2); regurgita&#231;&#227;o moderada/ importante de valvas atrioventriculares ou semilunares; derrame peric&#225;rdico; miocardite pelo m&#233;dico respons&#225;vel; edema perif&#233;rico; trombose/embolia vascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>48 pacientes apresentaram comprometimento cardiovascular e 50 n&#227;o. O gupo com comprometimento cardiovascular teve maior frequ&#234;ncia de admiss&#227;o &#224; unidade de terapia intensiva (77% vs 54%, p = 0,02); ventila&#231;&#227;o invasiva (23% vs 4%, p = 0,007) e de suporte inotr&#243;pico (27% vs 4%, p = 0,002). No que tange aos exames laboratoriais, o grupo com comprometimento cardiovascular apresentou maior frequ&#234;ncia de troponina elevada (33% vs 12%, p = 0,01), alanina transaminase elevada (33% vs 12%, p = 0,02) e de trombocitopenia (46% vs 22%, p = 0,02). A an&#225;lise de curva ROC mostrou uma &#225;rea sob a curva (AUC) de perfil laboratorial anormal (troponina elevada, alanina transaminase elevada, ou trombocitopenia) de 0.75, com 94% de sensibilidade e 98% de valor preditivo negativo para identificar necessidade de admiss&#227;o &#224; unidade de terapia intensiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em um grupo de 33 pacientes pedi&#225;tricos cr&#237;ticos com COVID-19 admitidos em centro &#250;nico no Brasil, Kozak et al. detectaram maior frequ&#234;ncia de eleva&#231;&#227;o da troponina em pacientes com SIM-P do que em pacientes sem SIM-P (77,8% vs 20.8%; p = 0,002). Al&#233;m disso, o valor preditivo negativo da troponina elevada &#224; admiss&#227;o para a identifica&#231;&#227;o de apcientes com ecocardiogramas alterados foi de 100% no grupo com SIM-P e de 73,7% no grupo sem SIM-P. Os autores sugeriram que o n&#237;vel de troponina &#224; admiss&#227;o pode ser um par&#226;metro valioso para a identifica&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes com necessidade de realiza&#231;&#227;o de um ecocardiograma em car&#225;ter de urg&#234;ncia, em um sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de j&#225; sobrecarregado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Conclu&#237;ndo, estudos maiores devem ser conduzidos em cen&#225;rios de maior vulnerabilidade socioecon&#244;mica, com o intuito de mapear ferramentas amplamente dispon&#237;veis e de baixo custo para o diagn&#243;stico de comprometimento cardiovascular de pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com COVID-19 no momento de sua admiss&#227;o. Isso &#233; de vital import&#226;ncia para a decis&#227;o cl&#237;nica, frente a recursos limitados de cuidados intensivos.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Sinais de Inj&#250;ria Card&#237;aca em Pacientes Pedi&#225;tricos com COVID-19 Gravemente Enfermos: Uma Experi&#234;ncia de Centro &#218;nico no Brasil</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>How Should We Investigate Cardiovascular Injury In Critically Ill COVID-19 Pediatric Patients In A Scenario Of Socioeconomic Vulnerability?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6600-2311</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Leal</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Nunes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto da Crian&#231;a e do Adolescente do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital e Maternidade S&#227;o Luiz Itaim, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Gabriela Nunes Leal &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto da Crian&#231;a &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 647. Postal Code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: gnleal@gmail.com, gabriela.leal@hc.fm.usp.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Children</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Inflammation</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Literature published worldwide has extensively documented cardiovascular injury among COVID-19 critically ill patients. Cardiac involvement appears to be a prominent feature of the disease in adults, occurring in 20% to 30% of hospitalized patients and contributing to 40% of deaths.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Children and adolescents are mostly spared by COVID-19, with few having severe symptoms and even fewer deaths. However, the description of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-c) reinforced that, although rare, severe clinical presentation and death are possible in the pediatric population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Cardiovascular compromise in MIS-c associated with COVID-19 is frequent and is one of the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for this pathologic condition ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> ).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01001">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; World Health Organization (WHO) definition criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-c), associated with COVID-19.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-118-05-0946-20254-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Feldstein et al. detected 80% of cardiac compromise in a group of 186 MIS-c patients from 26 American states. Of note, 91% of these patients had at least one echocardiogram performed during their hospital stay.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Recent national data documented 48% of echocardiographic abnormalities in a single-center cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 pediatric patients, associated with MIS-c, admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, multiple organ dysfunction, the need for ventilatory/vasoactive support, and death. In the same study, ventricular systolic dysfunction and coronary artery aneurysms detected by echocardiogram were associated with higher levels of troponin and d-dimer and inflammatory biomarkers.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Due to COVID-19 in children, higher mortality rates have been recorded in Brazil compared with other countries (8.2% x 1%), mainly due to socioeconomic vulnerability and poor access to appropriate medical support. Since data on out-of-Hospital mortality is frequently missing, underestimating the pandemic effect on our pediatric population is expected.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>According to robust data collected from 5857 patients younger than 20 years old, all hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, ethnic, regional and socioeconomic conditions seem to shape the mortality of children with COVID-19 in Brazil. Compared with white children, indigenous and mixed-race children had significantly higher odds of mortality (OR 5.83, 95% CI 2.43 to 14.02; OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.51, respectively). The authors also found a regional influence (higher mortality in the North - OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.48 to 4.65) and a socioeconomic association (lower mortality among children from more socioeconomically developed municipalities - OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.38).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Life-threatening cardiovascular complications in a resource-poor setting may be unrecognized, contributing to unfavorable outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 pediatric patients. High-cost imaging tools, such as Computed Tomography or Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, are usually unavailable. Even a bedside echocardiogram, suggested by most current MIS-c management guidelines, may not be accessible at admission.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Identifying laboratory parameters at early presentation may trigger heightened suspicion of cardiovascular impairment and the need for intensive care management, particularly in the absence of imaging resources.</p>
      <p>A multinational study of LATAM youth examined the distinguishing features of severe acute respiratory syndrome due to SARS-COV 2 infection and MIS-c, with versus without cardiac involvement. Ninety-eight patients from 32 centers in 10 countries of Central America, South America, and Mexico were included. The cardiac group was defined as diagnosed with arrhythmia, including premature atrial or ventricular contractions, sustained or non-sustained atrial or ventricular tachycardias, or atrioventricular block of any degree; dilation of any coronary artery segment (z-score &gt; +2); left ventricle ejection fraction below 50%; dilated left ventricle (diastolic diameter z-score &gt; +2); qualitative assessment of moderate or greater regurgitation of atrioventricular or semilunar valves; any pericardial effusion; clinical diagnosis of myocarditis by treating provider; clinical diagnosis of peripheral edema; or vascular thrombus/embolism.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Forty-eight patients showed cardiac involvement, and 50 did not. The cardiac group had higher frequency of ICU admission (77% vs 54%, p = 0.02); invasive ventilation (23% vs 4%, p = 0.007) and vasoactive support (27% vs 4%, p = 0.002). Regarding laboratory profile, cardiac group had higher frequency of elevated troponin (33% vs 12%, p = 0.01), elevated alanine aminotransferase (33% vs 12%, p = 0.02) and thrombocytopenia (46% vs 22%, p = 0.02). Receiver operating curve analysis showed that abnormal laboratory profile (elevated troponin, elevated alanine aminotransferase or thrombocytopenia) had an area under the curve of 0.75, with 94% sensitivity and 98% negative predictive value on the need for intensive care unit.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In a group of 33 critically ill COVID-19 pediatric patients admitted to a single center in Brazil, Kozak <italic>et al.</italic> detected a higher frequency of troponin elevation in MIS-c patients than in non-MIS-c patients (77.8% vs. 20.8%; p = 0.002). Moreover, the negative predictive value of elevated troponin at admission for detecting echocardiographic abnormalities was 100% in the MIS-C group and 73.7% in the non-MIS-c group. The authors suggest that troponin level at admission may be a valuable parameter to identify patients in more urgent need of an echocardiogram in an overwhelmed public health system.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In conclusion, larger studies must be held in vulnerable socioeconomic scenarios to identify low-cost and widely available tools for detecting COVID-19 pediatric patients with cardiovascular involvement at admission. This is of uttermost importance for clinical decision-making in the face of limited pediatric intensive care unit resources.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short editorial related to the article: Signs of Cardiac Injury in Critically Ill Paediatric Patients with COVID-19: a Single-Center Experience in Brazil</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
