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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">jK7b4kRx3JGWmFgfG65xbDF</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000500925</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220270</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220270</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Par&#226;metros Ecocardiogr&#225;ficos Simples podem Substituir o C&#225;lculo do Modelo Probabil&#237;stico ASCVD?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9983-6438</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Tonnison de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9320-7999</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ritt</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Eduardo Fonteles</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto D&#8217;Or de Pesquisa e Ensino</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Cardio Pulmonar</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto D&#8217;Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Hospital Cardio Pulmonar, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Luiz Eduardo Fonteles Ritt &#8226; Hospital Cardio Pulmonar - Centro de Estudos Cl&#237;nicos - Av Anita Garibaldi, 2199. CEP 40170130, Ondina, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>luizritt@hotmail.com</email> , <email>lefr@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>925</fpage>
      <lpage>926</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertrofia Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Diast&#243;lica</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Estratifica&#231;&#227;o de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O estudo de Fernandes et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> utilizou dados da Coorte ELSA-BRASIL<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> <italic>e</italic> demostrou que em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos e sem hist&#243;rico de doen&#231;a cardiovascular, medidas ecocardiogr&#225;ficas que fazem parte da rotina di&#225;ria de qualquer servi&#231;o de Ecocardiografia, est&#227;o associadas de forma independente ao modelo preditor ASCVD. Foram avaliados 2.973 participantes brasileiros sem doen&#231;a cardiovascular no per&#237;odo de 2008 e 2010. O c&#225;lculo do escore ASCVD utilizou dados produzidos em 2008-2010 e 2012-2014, enquanto que a realiza&#231;&#227;o da ecocardiografia ocorreu no momento inicial exclusivamente (per&#237;odo 1). Os par&#226;metros ecocardiogr&#225;ficos com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica ap&#243;s an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada (controlada para &#237;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea, hipertrigliceridemia, atividade f&#237;sica, n&#237;vel educacional e consumo excessivo de &#225;lcool), foram a disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e o volume atrial esquerdo indexado pela &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corp&#243;rea. A disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo foi o preditor com maior for&#231;a de associa&#231;&#227;o a um elevado risco de eventos cardiovasculares (ASCVD &gt; 7,5%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica &#233; sabidamente um marcador de eventos cardiovasculares, incluindo mortalidade total e hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por IC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Na cascata isqu&#234;mica a disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica, sintom&#225;tica ou n&#227;o, &#233; uma das manifesta&#231;&#245;es mais precoces. &#201; &#250;til tamb&#233;m na identifica&#231;&#227;o daqueles pacientes no est&#225;gio B de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> O ecocardiograma &#233; a ferramenta n&#227;o invasiva, dispon&#237;vel e de baixo custo, mais utilizada na avalia&#231;&#227;o dessa altera&#231;&#227;o. O grande entrave &#233; que os mecanismos envolvendo a di&#225;stole ventricular s&#227;o complexos, multifatoriais, relacionado a idade, sujeito &#224; altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas e de fluxo coron&#225;rio, tanto agudos e quanto cr&#244;nicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Expressando o que acabamos de descrever, as diretrizes internacionais focadas nesse tema vem com mudan&#231;as significativas ao longo do tempo diminuindo a quantidade de vari&#225;veis analisadas, na busca de maior praticidade e acur&#225;cia diagn&#243;stica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Apesar das modifica&#231;&#245;es j&#225; incorporadas, o seu diagn&#243;stico &#233; por vezes dif&#237;cil, trabalhoso e ainda com resultados &#8220;indeterminados&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> O par&#226;metro ecocardiogr&#225;fico mais relevante, encontrado nessa publica&#231;&#227;o, do ponto de vista de associa&#231;&#227;o com o ASCVD, &#233; talvez o achado ecocardiogr&#225;ficos mais pass&#237;vel de cr&#237;ticas. S&#227;o at&#233; quinze vari&#225;veis que podem ser interpretadas quando da verifica&#231;&#227;o da di&#225;stole do VE, todos com suas respectivas limita&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Isso de certa forma prejudica a sua confiabilidade, reprodutibilidade e por consequente sua validade externa. A HVE foi o segundo achado ecocardiogr&#225;fico com maior for&#231;a de associa&#231;&#227;o e por &#250;ltimo, o volume do &#225;trio esquerdo.</p>
    <p>A hipertrofia ventricular esquerda &#233; um conhecido marcador de eventos cardiovasculares inclusive mortalidade total,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> mas sem um associa&#231;&#227;o definida com desfechos intermedi&#225;rios (escore), como demostrado nesse estudo.</p>
    <p>O volume do &#225;trio esquerdo apesar de ser um marcador de fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica tem uma fraca rela&#231;&#227;o com a mesma e com as press&#245;es de enchimento do VE,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> principalmente nesse perfil espec&#237;fico de participantes analisados. Maiores volumes atriais est&#227;o relacionados a maiores press&#245;es nessa cavidade, no entanto esse aumento volum&#233;trico pode ocorrer por outras situa&#231;&#245;es, n&#227;o diretamente ligadas &#224; doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica. Esse aumento pode advir de uma doen&#231;a mitral reum&#225;tica, arritmias atriais e at&#233; em modifica&#231;&#245;es fisiol&#243;gicas vista em atletas saud&#225;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O estudo de Fernandes et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> &#233; relevante na medida em que analisou exclusivamente a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira e demostrou associa&#231;&#227;o entre dados do ecocardiograma e o escore probabil&#237;stico ASVCD. Ent&#227;o, os par&#226;metros ecocardiogr&#225;ficos de fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica podem substituir o c&#225;lculo desse escore preditivo? Apesar de existir uma associa&#231;&#227;o independente entre eles, os sistemas biol&#243;gicos s&#227;o complexos e outras vari&#225;veis que possam gerar confus&#227;o n&#227;o s&#227;o contempladas plenamente. Outra quest&#227;o a ser ponderada &#233; o fato desses tr&#234;s par&#226;metros serem sujeitos as t&#233;cnicas variadas de quantifica&#231;&#227;o, podendo sofrer diversas influ&#234;ncias e &#224; uma variabilidade inter e intraobservador al&#233;m do aceit&#225;vel. No entanto, acreditamos que o estudo de Fernandes et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> abre a possibilidade para estudos futuros objetivando avaliar se esses par&#226;metros anteriormente descritos de fato possam incrementar valor ao ASCVD, refinando sua probabilidade de predi&#231;&#227;o e de sua estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco.</p>
  </body>
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          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJM199005313222203.</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9. Kardys I, Deckers JW, Stricker BHC, Vletter WB, Hofman A, Witteman JCM. Echocardiographic parameters and all-cause mortality: The Rotterdam Study. Int J Cardiol. 2009;133(2):198&#8211;204. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.12.031.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kardys</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Deckers</surname>
              <given-names>JW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Stricker</surname>
              <given-names>BHC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vletter</surname>
              <given-names>WB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hofman</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Witteman</surname>
              <given-names>JCM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Echocardiographic parameters and all-cause mortality: The Rotterdam Study</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>133</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>198</fpage>
          <lpage>204</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.12.031</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label/>
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Par&#226;metros Ecocardiogr&#225;ficos Simples s&#227;o Fortes Preditores de Risco Cardiovascular em Indiv&#237;duos Assintom&#225;ticos: Coorte Elsa-Brasil</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Can Simple Echocardiographic Parameters Replace The ASCVD Probabilistic Model Calculation?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9983-6438</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Tonnison de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9320-7999</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ritt</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Eduardo Fonteles</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto D&#8217;Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Hospital Cardio Pulmonar, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Luiz Eduardo Fonteles Ritt &#8226; Hospital Cardio Pulmonar - Centro de Estudos Cl&#237;nicos - Av Anita Garibaldi, 2199. Postal Code 40170130, Ondina, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: luizritt@hotmail.com, lefr@cardiol.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Diastolic, Dysfunction</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk, Stratification</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The study by Fernandes et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> used data from the ELSA-BRASIL Cohort.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> It showed that in asymptomatic patients with no history of cardiovascular disease, echocardiographic measurements that are part of the daily routine of any echocardiography service are independently associated with the ASCVD predictor model. A total of 2,973 Brazilian participants without cardiovascular disease were evaluated between 2008 and 2010. The ASCVD score calculation used data produced in 2008-2010 and 2012-2014; echocardiography was performed exclusively at the initial moment (period 1). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, the echocardiographic parameters with statistical significance (controlled for body mass index, hypertriglyceridemia, physical activity, educational level and excessive alcohol consumption) were diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and left atrial volume indexed by body surface area. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was the strongest predictor of association with a high risk of cardiovascular events (ASCVD &gt; 7.5%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Diastolic dysfunction is a marker of cardiovascular events, including total mortality and hospitalizations for HF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> In the ischemic cascade, diastolic dysfunction, symptomatic or not, is one of the earliest manifestations. It is also useful in identifying those patients with stage B heart failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Echocardiography is the non-invasive, available and low-cost tool most used to evaluate this alteration. The major obstacle is that ventricular diastole mechanisms are complex, multifactorial, age-related, and subject to both acute and chronic hemodynamic and coronary flow changes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Expressing what we have just described, the international guidelines focused on this topic have reduced the number of variables analyzed with significant changes in the search for greater practicality and diagnostic accuracy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Despite the modifications already incorporated, its diagnosis is sometimes difficult, laborious and still with &#8220;indeterminate&#8221; results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> The most relevant echocardiographic parameter found in this publication, from the point of view of the association with ASCVD, is perhaps the echocardiographic finding most subject to criticism. There are up to fifteen variables that can be interpreted in verifying LV diastole, all with their respective limitations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> This somehow impairs its reliability, reproducibility and, consequently, its external validity.</p>
      <p>Left ventricular hypertrophy is a known marker of cardiovascular events, including total mortality,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> but without a defined association with intermediate outcomes (score), as demonstrated in this study.</p>
      <p>Despite being a marker of diastolic function, the left atrial volume has a weak relationship with it and with LV filling pressures,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> especially in this specific profile of analyzed participants. Larger atrial volumes are related to higher pressures in this cavity. However, this volumetric increase can occur due to other situations not directly linked to atherosclerotic disease. This increase may result from rheumatic mitral disease, atrial arrhythmias, and even physiological changes in healthy athletes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The study by Fernandes et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> is relevant as it exclusively analyzed the Brazilian population and demonstrated an association between echocardiogram data and the ASVCD probabilistic score. So, can echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function replace the calculation of this predictive score? Although there is an independent association between them, biological systems are complex, and other variables that may confuse are not fully addressed. Another issue to consider is that these three parameters are subject to different quantification techniques and may suffer different influences and an inter- and intra-observer variability beyond acceptable. However, we believe that the study by Fernandes et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> opens the possibility for future studies aiming to assess whether these parameters described above can add value to ASCVD, refining its prediction probability and risk stratification.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label/>
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Simple Echocardiographic Parameters are Strong Predictors of the Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Individuals: Elsa-Brasil Cohort</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
