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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">9d9GwH9Jdq4DsMJDWWyTjXB</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000500903</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220273</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220273</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Papel da Tomografia Computorizada na Exclus&#227;o de S&#237;ndrome Coron&#225;ria Aguda em Contexto de Urg&#234;ncia: A Anatomia &#233; o Caminho?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9582-7881</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bettencourt</surname>
            <given-names>Nuno</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Porto</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Unidade de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina - Unidade de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular, Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Nuno Bettencourt &#8226; Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina &#8211; Unidade de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular &#8211; Alameda Professor Hern&#226;ni Monteiro. 4200-319, Porto &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>bettencourt.n@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>903</fpage>
      <lpage>904</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Dor Tor&#225;cica</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiotomografia Coron&#225;ria Raios X/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A dor tor&#225;cica &#233; um dos motivos mais frequentes de recurso aos servi&#231;os de urg&#234;ncia (SU). Apesar de apenas uma pequena minoria destes recursos corresponder a uma s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda (SCA), a potencial gravidade de um diagn&#243;stico incorreto ou de um n&#227;o-diagn&#243;stico leva a que sejam sistematicamente aplicados protocolos de confirma&#231;&#227;o ou de exclus&#227;o de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria (DC) como causa da sintomatologia. Nos &#250;ltimos anos o estudo seriado dos n&#237;veis sangu&#237;neos de troponina de elevada sensibilidade (T-hs) imp&#244;s-se como um m&#233;todo seguro e eficaz neste contexto e &#233; amplamente aplicado nos SU de todo mundo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> No entanto, esta abordagem est&#225; associada a tempos de perman&#234;ncia prolongados nos SU e n&#227;o &#233; isenta de erros, sendo que alguns pacientes com cl&#237;nica de angina inst&#225;vel podem n&#227;o ser detectados pelo recurso a marcadores de necrose mioc&#225;rdica, mesmo que de elevada sensibilidade.</p>
    <p>&#201; neste contexto que novas abordagens de exclus&#227;o de DC com recurso a m&#233;todos de imagem ganham relev&#226;ncia e t&#234;m gerado um grande interesse por parte da comunidade cient&#237;fica. Pelo seu elevado desempenho diagn&#243;stico, a AngioTC card&#237;aca (ATC) assume-se como o principal candidato a alterar o <italic>status-quo</italic> da seria&#231;&#227;o enzim&#225;tica nestas situa&#231;&#245;es. Trata-se de um exame simples, r&#225;pido, robusto e com um elevado valor preditivo negativo &#8211; o que a torna particularmente adequada em contextos de SU em que &#233; essencial excluir de forma r&#225;pida e eficaz a presen&#231;a de DC. Os estudos ROMICAT foram dos primeiros a documentar as vantagens da ATC neste contexto e a salientar o seu valor progn&#243;stico aditivo em rela&#231;&#227;o ao score de risco TIMI (TIMI Sc). Por&#233;m, tal como a grande maioria dos estudos que utilizaram ATC em contexto de SU hospitalar, aplica-se maioritariamente a popula&#231;&#245;es de baixo risco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Neste n&#250;mero da revista, Matos Soeiro et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> publicam um interessante trabalho que compara o desempenho da ATC com a medi&#231;&#227;o seriada de T-hs em 100 pacientes que recorreram ao SU por dor tor&#225;cica, com ECG e troponina inicial negativos e risco interm&#233;dio de eventos segundo o TIMI Sc.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> De forma pouco surpreendente, a ATC apresentou melhor desempenho do que as medidas de T-hs na detec&#231;&#227;o de DC importante, sendo que o intervalo de tempo entre a chegada do paciente e a ATC foi aproximadamente uma hora menor que o intervalo entre a chegada do paciente e o resultado da segunda medida de troponina. O estudo tentou tamb&#233;m fazer uma avalia&#231;&#227;o do impacto cl&#237;nico em termos de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o, morte, e infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio aos 30 dias, atrav&#233;s de um seguimento telef&#243;nico, mas o pequeno tamanho amostral e a reduzida taxa de eventos (2%) impossibilitaram a detec&#231;&#227;o de eventuais diferen&#231;as entre as duas abordagens. Ainda assim, com base nestes resultados, os autores sugerem que pacientes em risco intermedi&#225;rio sem altera&#231;&#245;es isqu&#234;micas no eletrocardiograma deveriam ser preferencialmente estratificados na admiss&#227;o por ATC uma vez que esta &#233; mais eficiente na identifica&#231;&#227;o de DC.</p>
    <p>Este estudo acrescenta alguma informa&#231;&#227;o adicional ao conhecimento pr&#233;vio uma vez que se aplica a popula&#231;&#245;es de risco interm&#233;dio, mas os seus resultados devem ser interpretados com cuidado. Muito mais do que documentar a baixa concord&#226;ncia entre as medidas de troponina e a presen&#231;a de les&#245;es coron&#225;rias significativas interessa-nos, sobretudo documentar qual a estrat&#233;gia mais custo-eficaz na exclus&#227;o de uma SCA em contexto de recurso ao SU por cl&#237;nica de dor tor&#225;cica &#8211; algo que n&#227;o &#233; muitas vezes avali&#225;vel com recurso apenas a testes anat&#243;micos como a ATC. Tal como referimos a probabilidade de ocorrerem falsos negativos com o uso da estrat&#233;gia baseada na seria&#231;&#227;o enzim&#225;tica, tamb&#233;m a documenta&#231;&#227;o de DC anatomicamente relevante (definida pela presen&#231;a de estenose coron&#225;ria &#8805;50%), n&#227;o assegura que ela seja respons&#225;vel pela sintomatologia e que estejamos perante uma SCA, uma vez que em popula&#231;&#245;es de risco interm&#233;dio como a estudada, a presen&#231;a de DC est&#225;vel e assintom&#225;tica n&#227;o &#233; rara e pode ser apenas um &#8220; <italic>bystander</italic> &#8221; inocente, sem qualquer impacto funcional no caso em estudo. Deste modo, &#224; luz da evid&#234;ncia atual, devemos ser prudentes na ado&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica desta estrat&#233;gia no sentido de evitar sobrediagn&#243;sticos e &#8220;sobretratamento&#8221; com revasculariza&#231;&#245;es inadequadas &#8211; que t&#234;m vindo a demostrar efeitos delet&#233;rios no contexto de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel. Com base neste estudo unic&#234;ntrico, com um tamanho amostral pequeno e um n&#250;mero de eventos cl&#237;nicos muito reduzido, n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel afirmar a efic&#225;cia e adequa&#231;&#227;o de testar sistematicamente com ATC pacientes que recorrem ao SU por cl&#237;nica de dor tor&#225;cica e risco interm&#233;dio de eventos. Ainda assim, este trabalho &#233; mais uma contribui&#231;&#227;o importante para salientar o papel que a ATC pode ter na orienta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica destes pacientes e junta-se &#224; longa evid&#234;ncia que documenta as mais-valias desta t&#233;cnica em diferentes cen&#225;rios e &#224; imperiosa necessidade de disponibilizar esta tecnologia nos servi&#231;os nacionais de sa&#250;de do s&#233;culo XXI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
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          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.repc.2020.10.009</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9. Carmo PB, Magliano CAS, Rey HCV, Camargo GC, Trocado LFL, Gottlieb I. An&#225;lise da Custo-Efetividade da Angiotomografia Coronariana no SUS, em Compara&#231;&#227;o com Outros M&#233;todos N&#227;o Invasivos na Suspeita de DAC Est&#225;vel. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022; 118(3):578-585. doi:10.36660/abc.20201050.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Carmo</surname>
              <given-names>PB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Magliano</surname>
              <given-names>CAS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rey</surname>
              <given-names>HCV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Camargo</surname>
              <given-names>GC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Trocado</surname>
              <given-names>LFL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gottlieb</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>An&#225;lise da Custo-Efetividade da Angiotomografia Coronariana no SUS, em Compara&#231;&#227;o com Outros M&#233;todos N&#227;o Invasivos na Suspeita de DAC Est&#225;vel</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>118</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>578</fpage>
          <lpage>585</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201050.</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10. Poppi NT. It is Time for Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography to be Incorporated into the SUS. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022 Mar;118(3):586-7. doi:36660/abc.20220033.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
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            <name>
              <surname>Poppi</surname>
              <given-names>NT</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>It is Time for Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography to be Incorporated into the SUS</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <month>03</month>
          <volume>118</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>586</fpage>
          <lpage>587</lpage>
          <comment>36660/abc.20220033.</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Desempenho Diagn&#243;stico da Angiotomografia Computadorizada e da Avalia&#231;&#227;o Seriada de Troponina Card&#237;aca Sens&#237;vel em Pacientes com Dor Tor&#225;cica e Risco Intermedi&#225;rio para Eventos Cardiovasculares</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Role of Computed Tomography in Excluding Acute Coronary Syndrome: is Anatomy the Way?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9582-7881</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bettencourt</surname>
            <given-names>Nuno</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina - Unidade de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular, Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Nuno Bettencourt &#8226; Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular &#8211; Alameda Professor Hern&#226;ni Monteiro. 4200-319, Porto &#8211; Portugal E-mail: bettencourt.n@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Chest Pain</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic.Imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Tomography,X-Ray Computed/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for admission to the emergency room (ER). Although only a small minority of these correspond to an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the potential severity of a misdiagnosis or a non-diagnosis implies using systematic protocols to confirm or exclude coronary artery disease (CAD) as a cause of symptoms. In recent years, the sequential blood testing of high-sensitive troponin (cTnI-hs) levels has become a safe and effective method in this context and is commonly applied worldwide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> However, this approach is associated with prolonged times in the ER and is not error-free, as some patients with unstable angina may not be correctly identified.</p>
      <p>New approaches using imaging methods to exclude CAD gained relevance and have generated interest from the scientific community. Cardiac CT angiography (CTA), due to its high diagnostic performance, is assumed to be the main candidate to change the <italic>status-quo</italic> of the current approach based on serial blood testing. It is a simple, fast and robust test with a high negative predictive value &#8211; which makes it particularly suitable in ER, where it is essential to quickly and effectively exclude the presence of CAD. The ROMICAT studies were among the first to document the advantages of CTA in this context and to emphasize its additive prognostic value concerning the TIMI risk score (TIMI RS). However, like the vast majority of studies that used CTA in the context of hospital ER, their results mostly apply to low-risk populations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this issue of the journal, Matos Soeiro et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> publish an interesting study that compares the performance of CTA against the serial assessment of cTnI-hs in 100 patients with chest pain referred to the ER, initially negatives ECG and cTnI-hs and an intermediate TIMI RS.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Unsurprisingly, CTA performed better than cTnI-hs measurements in detecting important CAD, with the time interval between patient arrival and CTA being approximately one hour shorter than the interval between patient arrival and the result of the second troponin measurement. The study also attempted to assess the clinical impact of hospitalization, death, and acute myocardial infarction at 30 days through telephone follow-up. However, the small sample size and low event rate (2%) made detecting any potential differences between the two approaches impossible. Even so, based on these results, the authors suggest that patients at intermediate risk without ischemic changes on the electrocardiogram should preferably be stratified at admission by CTA, as it is more efficient in identifying CAD.</p>
      <p>This study adds information to previous scientific knowledge as it applies to intermediate-risk populations, but its results should be interpreted cautiously. More important than documenting the low agreement between troponin measurements and the presence of coronary lesions is finding the most cost-effective strategy for excluding an ACS in the context of ER admissions due to chest pain &#8211; which is sometimes impossible using only anatomical tests such as CTA. Just as we mentioned the probability of false negatives with the use of a strategy based on serial blood-testing, the documentation of anatomically relevant CAD (defined by the presence of coronary stenosis &#8805;50%) does not guarantee that it is responsible for the symptoms and that we are facing an ACS. In intermediate-risk populations such as the one studied, the presence of stable and asymptomatic CAD is not rare, and it may be an innocent bystander without any functional and clinical impact. Therefore, in light of the current evidence, we must be cautious in systematically adopting this strategy to avoid overdiagnosis and &#8220;overtreatment&#8221; with inadequate revascularizations &#8211; which have been proven to have deleterious effects in the context of stable coronary disease. Based on this single-center study, with a small sample size and a very small number of clinical events, it is impossible to affirm the efficacy and adequacy of systematically testing with CTA all the patients coming to the ER due to chest pain and an intermediate risk of events. This work is yet another important contribution to highlighting the role that CTA can play in the management of these patients. It adds to the long evidence that documents the benefits of this technique in different scenarios and the imperative need to make this technology available in the national health services of the 21<sup>st</sup>century.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1001">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Diagnostic Performance of Coronary Tomography Angiography and Serial measurements of Sensitive Cardiac Troponin in Patients With Chest Pain and Intermediate Risk for Cardiovascular Events</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
