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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">L5LfGFM9HD4JbWhQrpZNPRq</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000400754</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220192</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220192</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Confinamento e Diagn&#243;stico Cardiovascular em &#201;poca de Pandemia: O Dif&#237;cil Equil&#237;brio no Fio da Navalha</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9582-7881</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bettencourt</surname>
            <given-names>Nuno</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Medicina do Porto</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Nuno Bettencourt &#8226; Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina &#8211; Unidade de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular &#8211; Alameda Professor Hern&#226;ni Monteiro. 4200-319, Porto &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>bettencourt.n@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>754</fpage>
      <lpage>755</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Determina&#231;&#227;o de Necessidades de Cuidados de Sa&#250;de/estat&#237;stica e dados num&#233;ricos</kwd>
        <kwd>Pesquisa/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Cuidados M&#233;dicos/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Disparidades nos N&#237;veis de Sa&#250;de</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A pandemia por COVID-19 teve um forte impacto na presta&#231;&#227;o de cuidados de sa&#250;de a n&#237;vel mundial. As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, incluindo as suas formas agudas n&#227;o foram exce&#231;&#227;o. Logo nas primeiras semanas de pandemia, ainda no final do primeiro trimestre de 2020, foi notada uma franca redu&#231;&#227;o dos recursos aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de quer em cuidados programados quer em admiss&#245;es por s&#237;ndromas coron&#225;rias agudas, com forte impacto no progn&#243;stico imediato e com consequ&#234;ncias futuras ainda n&#227;o totalmente documentadas.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Para al&#233;m do impacto direto do v&#237;rus no mioc&#225;rdio, que condiciona uma morbilidade e mortalidade n&#227;o desprez&#237;vel,<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>-<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> tamb&#233;m a redu&#231;&#227;o do acesso a cuidados de sa&#250;de - que ocorreu tanto por uma canaliza&#231;&#227;o massiva dos recursos dos diferentes sistemas de sa&#250;de para o combate &#224; pandemia, como pelo receio da popula&#231;&#227;o em recorrer a esses servi&#231;os durante a pandemia &#8211; est&#225; a ter um impacto importante no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da doen&#231;a cardiovascular. Apesar da real dimens&#227;o deste impacto no progn&#243;stico de pacientes com e sem COVID n&#227;o estar ainda estabelecida &#233; prov&#225;vel que a sua import&#226;ncia ultrapasse os efeitos diretamente determinados pela pandemia.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Desde cedo, a comunidade cardiol&#243;gica se apercebeu do impacto que quer a pandemia, de forma mais ou menos direta, quer as medidas usadas para a combater &#8211; nomeadamente os confinamentos obrigat&#243;rios e o distanciamento social &#8211; teriam no diagn&#243;stico das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Um pouco por todo o mundo a comunidade cient&#237;fica organizou-se no sentido de promover um levantamento da nova realidade desencadeada pela pandemia de COVID-19 em termos de acesso aos cuidados de sa&#250;de na &#225;rea cardiovascular. Para al&#233;m de quantificar o seu real impacto na qualidade dos servi&#231;os prestados, este esfor&#231;o coletivo tinha como objetivo adicional a identifica&#231;&#227;o dos fatores que mais condicionaram esse acesso. Este conhecimento permite uma melhor compreens&#227;o do fen&#243;meno e lan&#231;a as bases para o desenvolvimento de estrat&#233;gias que possam minimizar os seus efeitos quer em pr&#243;ximas vagas desta pandemia, quer em situa&#231;&#245;es semelhantes que possam vir a ocorrer no futuro.</p>
    <p>De entre os diferentes grupos que em poucas semanas se organizaram para conseguir concretizar este levantamento a n&#237;vel mundial destacou-se a <italic>International Atomic Energy Agency</italic> que, partindo da sua rede internacional de investiga&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica pr&#233;-existente &#8211; INCAPS &#8211; alargou o seu &#226;mbito e implanta&#231;&#227;o, tendo conseguido uma participa&#231;&#227;o verdadeiramente surpreendente. Com o envolvimento ativo de cardiologistas, radiologistas e de m&#233;dicos de outras especialidades dedicados ao diagn&#243;stico cardiovascular de todo o mundo, o cons&#243;rcio INCAPS COVID conseguiu obter dados relativos aos volumes diagn&#243;sticos card&#237;acos no in&#237;cio da pandemia (mar&#231;o e abril de 2020), bem como os de mar&#231;o de 2019 &#8211; que funcionou como base de compara&#231;&#227;o representativa do per&#237;odo pr&#233;-pand&#233;mico. Estes dados foram integrados com os dados de distanciamento social a partir dos Relat&#243;rios de mobilidade da comunidade de Google e com os dados relativos &#224; incid&#234;ncia de COVID-19 por pa&#237;s a partir de &#8220;Our World in Data&#8221;. Usando esta estrat&#233;gia foi poss&#237;vel um levantamento da realidade a n&#237;vel global e regional, permitindo avaliar os impactos sentidos nas diferentes modalidades diagn&#243;sticas em cardiologia, de acordo com a regi&#227;o,<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>-<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup> e, comparar estes dados entre diferentes &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas.<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Neste n&#250;mero da revista ABC, Cerci RJ et al.<sup><xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup> publicam os dados deste grupo relativo ao impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na presta&#231;&#227;o de atendimento a doen&#231;as cardiovasculares na Am&#233;rica Latina. Foram avaliados os volumes de diagn&#243;stico card&#237;aco e determinada sua rela&#231;&#227;o com a incid&#234;ncia de casos de COVID-19 e as medidas de distanciamento social usando dados de 194 centros de 19 pa&#237;ses da Am&#233;rica Latina.</p>
    <p>Em compara&#231;&#227;o com o m&#234;s de mar&#231;o de 2019, os volumes dos procedimentos diagn&#243;sticos card&#237;acos diminu&#237;ram de forma acentuada (36% em mar&#231;o e 82% em abril de 2020), com pequenas varia&#231;&#245;es entre as sub-regi&#245;es da Am&#233;rica Latina. A queda foi mais relacionada ao distanciamento social do que ao aumento da incid&#234;ncia da COVID-19, verificando-se uma maior redu&#231;&#227;o no n&#250;mero de procedimentos diagn&#243;sticos no m&#234;s de menor mobilidade (abril) &#8211; que coincidiu com os per&#237;odos mais r&#237;gidos de confinamento de cada pa&#237;s. Curiosamente esta queda percentual foi superior &#224; verificada no mesmo per&#237;odo na Europa Ocidental (46% e 69%, respectivamente) e na Am&#233;rica do Norte (39% e 68%, respectivamente), apesar de estas regi&#245;es estarem a vivenciar o primeiro pico de incid&#234;ncia, enquanto que na Am&#233;rica Latina a pandemia estava apenas no seu in&#237;cio. Isto parece justificar-se pelo facto da maioria dos pa&#237;ses da Am&#233;rica Latina, terem introduzido o isolamento social logo em mar&#231;o de 2020, apesar do reduzido n&#250;mero de casos. Estes dados refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia de um melhor equil&#237;brio entre medidas de distanciamento social e acesso ao atendimento m&#233;dico durante um surto pand&#234;mico, uma vez que a redu&#231;&#227;o do acesso aos cuidados de sa&#250;de tende a agravar as desigualdades pr&#233;-existentes na qualidade dos servi&#231;os prestados e pode ser particularmente relevante em regi&#245;es com elevada mortalidade cardiovascular.<sup><xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>,<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: O Impacto da COVID-19 no Diagn&#243;stico de Doen&#231;as Card&#237;acas na Am&#233;rica Latina Uma Suban&#225;lise do INCAPS COVID</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Confinement and Cardiovascular Diagnosis in a Pandemic Season: The Difficult Balance on the Razor&#8217;s Edge</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9582-7881</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bettencourt</surname>
            <given-names>Nuno</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailling Address: Nuno Bettencourt &#8226; Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina &#8211; Unidade de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular &#8211; Alameda Professor Hern&#226;ni Monteiro. 4200-319, Porto &#8211; Portugal E-mail: bettencourt.n@gmail.com </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemics</kwd>
        <kwd>Needs Assessment/statistics &amp; numerical data</kwd>
        <kwd>Research/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Medical Care/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Status Disparities</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on healthcare delivery worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases, including their acute forms, were no exception. In the first weeks of the pandemic, at the end of the first quarter of 2020, there was a clear reduction in resources to health services, both in scheduled care and in admissions for acute coronary syndromes, with a strong impact on the immediate prognosis and with future consequences not fully documented.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In addition to the direct impact of the virus on the myocardium, which causes considerable morbidity and mortality,<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>-<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> there is also a reduction in access to health care - which occurred both as a result of a massive channeling of resources from the different health systems to the fighting the pandemic, as well as the population&#8217;s fear of resorting to these services during the pandemic &#8211; is having an important impact on the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Although the real dimension of this impact on the prognosis of patients with and without COVID has not yet been established, its importance likely exceeds the effects directly determined by the pandemic.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Early on, the cardiology community realized the impact that both the pandemic, more or less directly, and the measures used to combat it &#8211; namely mandatory confinements and social distancing &#8211; would have on the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>All over the world, the scientific community organized itself to promote a survey of the new reality triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of access to health care in the cardiovascular area. In addition to quantifying its real impact on the quality of services provided, this collective effort had the additional objective of identifying the most relevant factors conditioning health access. This knowledge allows a better understanding of the phenomenon and lays the foundations for developing strategies that can minimize its effects both in the next waves of this pandemic and in similar situations that may occur in the future.</p>
      <p>Among the different groups that organized themselves in a few weeks to carry out this survey worldwide, the International Atomic Energy Agency stood out. Based on its pre-existing international network of clinical research &#8211; INCAPS &#8211; expanded its scope and implementation, having achieved a truly surprising turnout. With the active involvement of cardiologists, radiologists and physicians from other specialties dedicated to cardiovascular diagnosis from around the world, the INCAPS COVID consortium was able to obtain data regarding cardiac diagnostic volumes at the beginning of the pandemic (March and April 2020) as well as the March 2019 &#8211; which served as a representative comparison base for the pandemic loss. This data was integrated with social distancing data from Google&#8217;s Community Mobility Reports and data on COVID-19 incidence by country from &#8220;Our World in Data.&#8221; Using this strategy, it was possible to survey the reality at a global and regional level, allowing the assessment of the impacts felt in the different diagnostic modalities in cardiology, according to the region<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>-<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup> and, comparing these data between different geographic areas.<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this issue of ABC journal, Cerci RJ et al.<sup><xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup> publish data from this group regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of care for cardiovascular diseases in Latin America. Cardiac diagnostic volumes were evaluated, and their relationship to COVID-19 case incidence and social distancing measures was determined using data from 194 centers in 19 Latin American countries.</p>
      <p>Compared to March 2019, volumes of cardiac diagnostic procedures declined sharply (36% in March and 82% in April 2020), with small variations across Latin American subregions. The drop was more related to social distancing than to the increase in the incidence of COVID-19, with a greater reduction in the number of diagnostic procedures in the month of lower mobility (April) &#8211; which coincided with the strictest periods of confinement for each country. Interestingly, this percentage drop was higher than that seen in the same period in Western Europe (46% and 69%, respectively) and North America (39% and 68%, respectively). However, these regions were experiencing the first peak of incidence, while in Latin America, the pandemic just begining. This seems to be justified because most Latin American countries introduced social isolation as early as March 2020, despite the low number of cases. These data reinforce the importance of a better balance between social distancing measures and access to medical care during a pandemic outbreak. Reduced access to health care exacerbates pre-existing inequalities in the quality of services provided and can be particularly relevant in regions with high cardiovascular mortality.<sup><xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>,<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: The Impact of COVID-19 on Diagnosis of Heart Disease in Latin America an INCAPS COVID Sub-analysis</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
