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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">CJvFVwcw4sWHzM5zKXM3qPk</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000300605</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220034</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220034</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>H&#225; uma Fun&#231;&#227;o para o Telemonitoramento na Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3712-1175</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Avila</surname>
            <given-names>M&#244;nica Samuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0207-3986</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Belfort</surname>
            <given-names>Deborah de S&#225; Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: M&#244;nica Samuel Avila &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP 05403- 000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>mo_avila@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>605</fpage>
      <lpage>606</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemonitoramento</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Servi&#231;os de Emerg&#234;ncia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) &#233; a principal causa de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular no mundo. Os &#237;ndices de mortalidade variam de 5 a 15%, e at&#233; 50% dos pacientes s&#227;o readmitidos na emerg&#234;ncia no per&#237;odo de 90 dias ap&#243;s a alta.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> V&#225;rias estrat&#233;gias foram implementadas nos &#250;ltimos anos para evitar a readmiss&#227;o hospitalar, e a telemedicina &#233; um campo que est&#225; crescendo nesse cen&#225;rio. O uso de tecnologias de telecomunica&#231;&#227;o traz vantagens poss&#237;veis em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; assist&#234;ncia presencial, superando barreiras organizacionais e geogr&#225;ficas. Entretanto, resultados divergentes em ensaios randomizados avaliando a efic&#225;cia da telemedicina na redu&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es e mortalidade por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> desencorajaram o uso rotineiro de recursos digitais na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica at&#233; a pandemia da COVID-19.</p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, um estudo observacional retrospectivo avaliou o impacto de um programa avan&#231;ado de telemonitoramento em uma popula&#231;&#227;o portadora de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Foram inclu&#237;dos trinta e nove pacientes, e os pesquisadores compararam o n&#250;mero de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es um ano antes do programa ao n&#250;mero de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es durante o programa. O programa usou sinais vitais e vari&#225;veis, tais como, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, press&#227;o arterial, varia&#231;&#227;o de peso, oxigena&#231;&#227;o do sangue perif&#233;rico, temperatura, e um eletrocardiograma inicial com 3 eletrodos. A an&#225;lise final incluiu trinta e quatro pacientes. Os autores relataram uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 66% nas admiss&#245;es de emerg&#234;ncia, e uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 68% nas hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, considerando os pr&#243;prios pacientes como controle.</p>
    <p>O pequeno n&#250;mero de participantes, a natureza observacional retrospectiva do estudo e a aus&#234;ncia de participantes de controle simult&#226;neos fazem com que esses resultados sejam apenas geradores de hip&#243;tese; entretanto, eles est&#227;o em conson&#226;ncia com a literatura atual. Embora ensaios controlados randomizados (ECT) na &#250;ltima d&#233;cada tenham demonstrado resultados divergentes em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; efic&#225;cia da telemedicina na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> revis&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas demonstraram redu&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es e mortalidade entre essa popula&#231;&#227;o. Uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica Cochrane de 2015, que incluiu apenas ECT, avaliou o uso de suporte telef&#244;nico estruturado ou de telemonitoramento dom&#233;stico n&#227;o invasivo comparado &#224; pr&#225;tica padr&#227;o para pessoas com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Ela demonstrou que o telemonitoramento n&#227;o invasivo reduziu a mortalidade global (TR 0,80, IC 95% 0,68 a 0,94) e hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es relacionadas &#224; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (TR 0,71, IC 95% 0,60 a 0,83). Outra revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica que incluiu apenas ECT e 11.450 pacientes, publicada em 2020, confirmou resultados semelhantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>As diretrizes atuais tamb&#233;m s&#227;o divergentes quanto &#224; classe de recomenda&#231;&#227;o sobre telemedicina com pacientes portadores de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. A Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Telemedicina na Cardiologia orienta os cardiologistas a usarem estrat&#233;gias de telemonitoramento com suporte telef&#244;nico estruturado na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca para reduzir as hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es (recomenda&#231;&#227;o classe IA) e mortalidade (recomenda&#231;&#227;o classe IIA),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> e isso est&#225; alinhado &#224; Atualiza&#231;&#227;o de T&#243;picos Emergentes da Diretriz Brasileira de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca - 2021 (recomenda&#231;&#227;o classe IIA para mortalidade e hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A diretriz de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia, entretanto, n&#227;o faz nenhuma recomenda&#231;&#227;o sobre monitoramento remoto n&#227;o invasivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> enquanto a Sociedade Americana de Cardiologia recomenda sistemas eficazes para coordenar o tratamento da IC para oferecer a terapia m&#233;dica recomendada pelas diretrizes e evitar hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es (recomenda&#231;&#227;o classe I)).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Esse estudo retrospectivo n&#227;o esclarece d&#250;vidas sobre a efic&#225;cia da telemedicina na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; entretanto, ele chama a aten&#231;&#227;o para um t&#243;pico relevante n&#227;o apenas na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, mas em todas as &#225;reas cl&#237;nicas. A avalia&#231;&#227;o presencial se tornou limitada no sistema de sa&#250;de depois do novo coronav&#237;rus, levando &#224; necessidade crescente de formas alternativas de avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> A pandemia da COVID-19 impulsionou o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de monitoramento remoto, e novos ensaios precisam ser desenhados para analisar o papel da telemedicina ap&#243;s essas mudan&#231;as globais, e para incentivar o uso rotineiro dessa ferramenta na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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              <surname>Jessup</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bozkurt</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Butler</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Casey</surname>
              <given-names>DE</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Drazner</surname>
              <given-names>MH</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <month>10</month>
          <day>15</day>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>128</volume>
          <issue>16</issue>
          <fpage>1810</fpage>
          <lpage>1852</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829e8807.</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
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        <mixed-citation>10. Oseran AS, Afari ME, Barrett CD, Lewis GD, Thomas SS. Beyond the stethoscope: managing ambulatory heart failure during the COVID-19 pandemic. ESC Heart Fail. Apr 2021;8(2):999-1006. doi:10.1002/ehf2.13201.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
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              <surname>Oseran</surname>
              <given-names>AS</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Afari</surname>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barrett</surname>
              <given-names>CD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lewis</surname>
              <given-names>GD</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Thomas</surname>
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    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Telemonitoramento da Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca &#8211; A Experi&#234;ncia de um Centro</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Is There a Role for Telemonitoring in Heart Failure?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3712-1175</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Avila</surname>
            <given-names>M&#244;nica Samuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0207-3986</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Belfort</surname>
            <given-names>Deborah de S&#225; Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: M&#244;nica Samuel Avila &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05403- 000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: mo_avila@hotmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Failure/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemonitoring</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Emergency Services</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of cardiovascular hospitalization in the world. Mortality rate ranges from 5% to 15%, and up to 50% of patients are readmitted in the emergency department in 90 days after discharge.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Different strategies have been implemented in recent years to avoid readmission, and telemedicine is a growing field in this scenario. The use of telecommunication technologies brings potential advantages when compared to in-person care, overcoming organizational and geographic barriers. However, divergent results in randomized trials evaluating the efficacy of telemedicine in reducing heart failure hospitalizations and mortality<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> discouraged the routine use of digital resources in clinical practice until the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
      <p>In this issue of Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, retrospective observational research evaluated the impact of an advanced telemonitoring program in a heart failure population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Thirty-nine patients were included, and the researchers compared the number of hospitalizations one year before the program, with hospitalizations during the program. The program used vital signs and variables such as heart rate, blood pressure, weight variation, peripheral blood oxygenation, temperature, and a seminal 3-derivation electrocardiogram. Thirty-four patients were included in the final analysis. The authors reported a 66% reduction in emergency department admissions and a reduction of 68% in heart failure hospitalizations, considering the patients themselves as controls.</p>
      <p>The small number of participants, the retrospective observational nature of the study, and the absence of simultaneous control participants make these results only hypothesis generating results, but they do run in line with current literature. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the last decade showed divergent results regarding the efficacy of telemedicine in heart failure,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> systematic reviews showed a reduction in hospitalizations and mortality among this population. A Cochrane systematic review in 2015, including only RCTs, evaluated the use</p>
      <p>of structured telephone support or non-invasive home telemonitoring compared to standard practice for people with heart failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> This study showed that non-invasive telemonitoring reduced all-cause mortality (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.94) and heart failure-related hospitalizations (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.83). Another systematic review, also including only RCTs and 11,450 patients, published in 2020, confirmed similar results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Current guidelines also diverge in the class of recommendation on telemedicine with heart failure patients. The Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology on Telemedicine in Cardiology advise cardiologists to use noninvasive telemonitoring strategies with structured telephone support in heart failure to reduce hospitalizations (class IA recommendation) and mortality (class IIA recommendation),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> which is in alignment with the Emerging Topics Update of the Brazilian Heart Failure Guideline - 2021 (class IIA recommendation for mortality and hospitalizations).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure guideline, however, does not provide any recommendation on non-invasive remote monitoring,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> while the American Heart Association recommend effective systems to coordinate HF care to provide the guideline-recommended medical therapy and prevent hospitalizations (class I recommendation).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>This retrospective research does not clear doubts about efficacy of telemedicine in heart failure, however it draws attention to a relevant theme not only in heart failure, but in all clinical areas. In-person evaluation became limited in the healthcare system after the new coronavirus, leading to a growing need for alternative means of clinical evaluation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The COVID-19 pandemic boosted the development of remote monitoring tools, and new trials need to be designed to analyze the role of telemedicine after these global changes and to encourage the routine use of this tool in clinical practice.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Telemonitoring in Heart Failure &#8211; A Single Center Experience</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
