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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">s7h8bC7j8J53kfLYVt3tT4q</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000300576</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220036</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220036</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Podemos Realizar o Teste de Esfor&#231;o M&#225;ximo em Esteira em Indiv&#237;duos com Doen&#231;a Falciforme?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0613-4814</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ahner</surname>
            <given-names>Mabel Marciela</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Motta</surname>
            <given-names>Stephanie Bastos da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6327-1428</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Franzoni</surname>
            <given-names>Leandro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Grupo de Vascular e Exerc&#237;cio</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">VascuEx</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Grupo de Vascular e Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; VascuEx, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Leandro Franzoni &#8226; UFRGS - Rua Itabora&#237;, 683. CEP 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>franzoni_77@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>576</fpage>
      <lpage>577</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Anemia Falciforme</kwd>
        <kwd>Teste de esfor&#231;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="11"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A doen&#231;a falciforme (DF) pode apresentar quadro cl&#237;nico est&#225;vel com o avan&#231;o do tratamento farmacol&#243;gico e das tecnologias dispon&#237;veis para o diagn&#243;stico precoce.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> No entanto, se n&#227;o diagnosticada e tratada precocemente, pode levar a les&#245;es progressivas de &#243;rg&#227;os e at&#233; complica&#231;&#245;es fatais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Portanto, &#233; importante desenvolver diferentes instrumentos para avaliar o progn&#243;stico da DF. O teste de esfor&#231;o m&#225;ximo (TEM), amplamente utilizado em diversas doen&#231;as, como a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, pode desempenhar um papel importante na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco desses pacientes, que geralmente apresentam dor tor&#225;cica associada &#224; oclus&#227;o do vaso, causando isquemia mioc&#225;rdica e, consequentemente, morte s&#250;bita, algo muito comum nesses indiv&#237;duos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No entanto, pacientes com DF precisam ter cautela ao realizar exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos, principalmente de alta intensidade, pois esses exerc&#237;cios podem levar a dist&#250;rbios metab&#243;licos que podem favorecer a falciza&#231;&#227;o eritrocit&#225;ria e promover oclus&#245;es vasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Esse fato levantou um debate e um dilema entre recomendar exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos para esses pacientes ou priv&#225;-los dos efeitos positivos que o exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico &#233; capaz de promover.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Devido &#224; associa&#231;&#227;o descrita acima, entre exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico e isquemia em indiv&#237;duos com DF, &#233; necess&#225;rio realizar um teste de esfor&#231;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> No entanto, chegamos ao paradoxo do risco versus benef&#237;cio. Indiv&#237;duos com DF podem realizar TEM com seguran&#231;a para fornecer respostas sobre o impacto cardiovascular induzido pelo esfor&#231;o na ocorr&#234;ncia de desfechos cl&#237;nicos? Foi o que fizeram Ara&#250;jo et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> A seguir descreveremos as principais caracter&#237;sticas do estudo e seus principais resultados.</p>
    <p>Este &#233; um estudo observacional que teve como objetivo avaliar a seguran&#231;a e viabilidade de um TEM em pacientes com DF. Al&#233;m disso, foram avaliados fatores associados &#224; dura&#231;&#227;o do teste e o impacto das altera&#231;&#245;es causadas pelo teste nos desfechos cl&#237;nicos. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, foram inclu&#237;dos 133 pacientes com DF. Al&#233;m de serem submetidos a uma avalia&#231;&#227;o de esfor&#231;o f&#237;sico, eles foram submetidos a uma avalia&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular abrangente, incluindo ecocardiograma, bem como os n&#237;veis de pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B (BNP). O desfecho de longo prazo (24 meses) foi uma combina&#231;&#227;o de eventos, como mortalidade, crises de dor intensa (crises &#225;lgicas), s&#237;ndrome tor&#225;cica aguda ou interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares por outras complica&#231;&#245;es associadas &#224; doen&#231;a.</p>
    <p>Devemos chamar a aten&#231;&#227;o para os resultados encontrados, como altera&#231;&#245;es isqu&#234;micas ao esfor&#231;o, detectadas em 17% (19) dos pacientes, e tamb&#233;m altera&#231;&#245;es na press&#227;o arterial (PA) durante o teste, detectadas em 9% (10). Esses dados j&#225; nos trazem um alerta para a avalia&#231;&#227;o ergom&#233;trica nessa popula&#231;&#227;o. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s respostas agudas mais graves, como crises de dor, 48 horas ap&#243;s o exame, dois pacientes necessitaram de interna&#231;&#227;o. Os fatores associados &#224; dura&#231;&#227;o do teste s&#227;o idade, sexo, pico de velocidade de regurgita&#231;&#227;o tric&#250;spide (VRT) e raz&#227;o E/e&#8217;, todos marcadores padronizados de gravidade da doen&#231;a. 23% dos pacientes tiveram algum desfecho cl&#237;nico adverso, com seguimento m&#233;dio de 10,1 meses (variando de 1,2 a 26). Preditores independentes de eventos adversos foram concentra&#231;&#227;o de hemoglobina, velocidade de fluxo transmitral tardia (onda A) e resposta da PA ao esfor&#231;o f&#237;sico.</p>
    <p>Citaremos algumas limita&#231;&#245;es do presente estudo a fim de melhorar a condu&#231;&#227;o de estudos futuros, pois o tema &#233; muito interessante e carece de literatura cient&#237;fica robusta. Uma das limita&#231;&#245;es &#233; que o tamanho da amostra foi estimado de modo a detectar altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas relacionadas &#224; isquemia mioc&#225;rdica em indiv&#237;duos com DF, por&#233;m, sem levar em considera&#231;&#227;o a an&#225;lise de preditores de eventos adversos. Quando se trata de estudos cient&#237;ficos, devemos atentar para a validade interna e externa, que determina o poder de extrapolar os dados para uma amostra maior.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Este estudo foi muito bem conduzido. No entanto, n&#227;o possui boa validade externa, pois os pacientes foram encaminhados de um ambulat&#243;rio com DF, mas com pequeno n&#250;mero de subgrupos mais graves, principalmente aqueles com hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, limitando a validade externa aos pacientes com quadros mais graves. A sugest&#227;o &#233; realizar um ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado no futuro com subgrupos de diferentes n&#237;veis de gravidade da doen&#231;a para melhor valida&#231;&#227;o externa e consequentemente melhorar a qualidade das evid&#234;ncias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O que pode ser destacado positivamente &#233; que o TEM para pacientes com DF &#233; relativamente seguro e vi&#225;vel, oferecendo informa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas valiosas, al&#233;m de ser &#250;til na avalia&#231;&#227;o da condi&#231;&#227;o aer&#243;bia. Al&#233;m disso, &#233; poss&#237;vel concluir que a dura&#231;&#227;o do teste est&#225; associada &#224; fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica e &#224; press&#227;o arterial pulmonar e que uma resposta anormal da PA foi preditor independente de eventos adversos. Essas informa&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o de grande valia na realiza&#231;&#227;o de TEM em pacientes com DF.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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              <surname>Dias</surname>
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              <surname>Barros</surname>
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              <surname>Vasconcelos</surname>
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            <etal>et al</etal>
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          <article-title>Exercise Testing In Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Safety, Feasibility and Potential Prognostic Implication</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
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              <surname>Ferreira</surname>
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              <surname>Oxman</surname>
              <given-names>AD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kunz</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Vist</surname>
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              <surname>Falck-Ytter</surname>
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              <surname>Sch&#252;nemann</surname>
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    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Testes Ergom&#233;tricos em Pacientes com Anemia Falciforme: Seguran&#231;a, Viabilidade e Poss&#237;veis Implica&#231;&#245;es no Progn&#243;stico</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Can We Perform the Maximal Treadmill Test on Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0613-4814</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ahner</surname>
            <given-names>Mabel Marciela</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Motta</surname>
            <given-names>Stephanie Bastos da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6327-1428</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Franzoni</surname>
            <given-names>Leandro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre - Grupo de Vascular e Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; VascuEx, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Leandro Franzoni &#8226; UFRGS - Rua Itabora&#237;, 683. Postal Code 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil E-mail: franzoni_77@hotmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Sickle Cell Anemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise Test</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) may present a stable clinical condition with the advancement of pharmacological treatment and available technologies for early diagnosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> However, if not diagnosed and treated early, it may lead to progressive organ damage and even fatal complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Therefore, it is important to develop different instruments to assess the SCD prognosis. The maximal treadmill test (MTT), widely used in different diseases, such as heart failure, can play an important role in the risk stratification of these patients, since they usually have chest pain associated with vessel occlusion, causing myocardial ischemia and, consequently, sudden death, something very common in these individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>However, patients with SCD need to exercise caution when performing physical exercises, especially at high-intensity, as these may lead to metabolic disorders that could favor erythrocyte sickling and promote vascular occlusions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> This fact raised a discussion and a dilemma between recommending physical exercise for these patients or depriving them of the positive effects that physical exercise is capable of promoting.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Due to the association described above, between physical exercising and ischemia in SCD individuals, it is necessary to perform an exercise test.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> However, we get to the paradox of risk versus benefit. Can individuals with SCD safely perform a MTT to provide answers about the cardiovascular impact induced by exertion in the occurrence of clinical outcomes? This is what Ara&#250;jo et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Below we will describe the main study characteristics and its main results.</p>
      <p>This is an observational study that aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of a MMT in SCD patients. In addition, factors associated with test duration and the impact of changes caused by the test on clinical outcomes were evaluated. For the development of the study, 133 patients with SCD were included. In addition to undergoing an exercise stress assessment, they underwent a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment, including echocardiography, as well as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. The long-term outcome (24 months) was a combination of events, such as mortality, severe pain crises, acute chest syndrome, or hospital admissions for other complications associated with the disease.</p>
      <p>We need to draw attention to the results found, such as ischemic changes on exertion, which were detected in 17% (19) of the patients, and also to abnormal blood pressure (BP) responses during the test, detected in 9% (10). These data already bring us an alert to the ergometric evaluation in this population. Regarding more severe acute responses, such as pain crises, 48 hours after the test, two patients required hospitalization. The factors associated with the test duration include age, sex, maximum tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) and E/e&#8217; ratio, all standardized markers of disease severity. 23% of the patients had some adverse clinical outcome, with a mean follow-up period of 10.1 months (ranging from 1.2 to 26). Independent predictors of adverse events were hemoglobin concentration, late transmitral flow velocity (A wave), and BP response to physical exertion.</p>
      <p>We will cite some limitations of the present study, in order to improve the conduct of future studies, as the topic is very interesting and lacks robust scientific literature. One of the limitations is that the sample size was estimated to detect electrocardiographic abnormalities related to myocardial ischemia in SCD individuals, however, without taking into account the analysis of predictors of adverse events. When it comes to scientific studies, we must pay attention to internal and external validity, which determines the power to extrapolate the data to a larger sample.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> This study was very well conducted. However, it does not have good external validity, as patients were referred from an outpatient clinic with SCD, but with a small number of more severe subgroups, especially those with pulmonary hypertension, limiting external validity to patients with more severe conditions. The suggestion is to conduct a randomized clinical trial in the future with subgroups of different levels of disease severity for better external validation and consequently improve the quality of evidence.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>What can be positively highlighted is that the MMT for SCD patients is relatively safe and feasible, offering valuable clinical information, in addition to being useful in the assessment of aerobic condition. Furthermore, it is possible to conclude that test duration is associated with diastolic function and pulmonary artery pressure and that an abnormal BP response was an independent predictor of adverse events. This information is supportive when performing a MMT in SCD patients.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Exercise Testing in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Safety, Feasibility and Potential Prognostic Implication</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
