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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">q3zRgKLqn8pCZpgyTvjr4LL</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000200517</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20211004</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20211004</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Estimula&#231;&#227;o do Ramo Esquerdo: A Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Mudou para Sempre?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5111-488X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pach&#243;n-M</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pach&#243;n-M</surname>
            <given-names>Ju&#225;n Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pach&#243;n</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Thiene C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Jos&#233; Carlos M. Pachon &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; IDPC &#8211; Rua Juquis,204-41. CEP 04081-010, Indian&#243;polis, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>pachon@usp.br</email> , <email>jcpachon@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>517</fpage>
      <lpage>518</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Marca-passo Card&#237;aco Artificial</kwd>
        <kwd>Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Dilatada</kwd>
        <kwd>Bradiarritmias</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ncope</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Sim, o velho sonho, a estimula&#231;&#227;o do sistema His-Purkinje, tornou-se realidade e agora est&#225; substituindo a estimula&#231;&#227;o convencional. Nesse sentido, o artigo &#8220;Estimula&#231;&#227;o do Ramo Esquerdo do Sistema His-Purkinje: Experi&#234;ncia Inicial&#8221; &#233; um grande passo e deve ser lido n&#227;o s&#243; pelo estimulista, mas tamb&#233;m pelo cardiologista geral e pelo eletrofisiologista.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nas d&#233;cadas de 60 e 70, o principal objetivo do marca-passo era corrigir a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca na s&#237;ndrome de Stokes-Adams com bloqueio AV total. Os marca-passos eram dependentes de eletrodos epic&#225;rdicos, implantados por toracotomia. Entretanto, em 1959 Furman introduziu a estimula&#231;&#227;o endoc&#225;rdica,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> sem toracotomia, tornando-se o padr&#227;o da estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca moderna na ponta do ventr&#237;culo direito. O sucesso da estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca foi extraordin&#225;rio. No entanto, uma importante limita&#231;&#227;o surgiu devido &#224; falta de sincronismo atrioventricular dando origem a um primeiro problema: a &#8220;S&#237;ndrome do marca-passo&#8221;,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> cuja preven&#231;&#227;o deu origem ao marca-passo atrioventricular.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>Um efeito colateral oculto e delet&#233;rio</title>
      <p>Apesar do grande benef&#237;cio da estimula&#231;&#227;o AV sincronizada, o eletrodo endoc&#225;rdico no &#225;pice do ventr&#237;culo direito promove uma estimula&#231;&#227;o indesejada<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> com QRS largo e efeito de bloqueio completo do ramo esquerdo, com dessincronia significativa das paredes do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo dando origem a um segundo problema: a &#8220;S&#237;ndrome Ventricular do Marca-passo ou S&#237;ndrome do QRS Largo&#8221;,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> cuja preven&#231;&#227;o deu origem ao ressincronizador.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Apesar de estar presente em toda a estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, essa dissincronia foi negligenciada por muito tempo devido ao grande benef&#237;cio resultante da corre&#231;&#227;o da bradicardia.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Cardiomiopatia Induzida por Marca-passo (CMIMP)</title>
      <p>A CMIMP &#233; causada pela ativa&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo com QRS largo, condi&#231;&#227;o que promove dessincronia mioc&#225;rdica, disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica, dessincronia dos m&#250;sculos papilares com insufici&#234;ncia mitral, remodelamento ventricular e atrial, cardiomiopatia dilatada e aumento da mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Dentre v&#225;rios crit&#233;rios, podemos considerar CMIMP quando houver redu&#231;&#227;o &#8805;10% da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o sem outra causa que n&#227;o a estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular com QRS largo. Estima-se que ocorra em at&#233; 50% dos pacientes com marca-passo com &#8805;20% de estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular por pelo menos 8 anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Como prevenir ou tratar a CMIMP?</title>
      <p>Utilizando a &#8220;estimula&#231;&#227;o fisiol&#243;gica&#8221; estimulando diretamente o feixe de His ou seu ramo esquerdo. Obviamente, a estimula&#231;&#227;o de qualquer m&#250;sculo &#233; muito mais eficaz se feita diretamente no nervo. Por&#233;m, infelizmente, o marca-passo convencional estimula diretamente o m&#250;sculo (mioc&#225;rdio), causando dessincronia. Os novos eletrodos de fixa&#231;&#227;o ativa e de baixo perfil, manuseados com bainhas pr&#233;-moldadas, permitem estimular diretamente o &#8220;nervo&#8221; (o sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o). Este recurso mudou definitivamente a estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca moderna.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>His-Bundle Pacing: novo padr&#227;o-ouro da estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca</title>
      <p>Nos casos de bloqueio AV com sistema His-Purkinje preservado, a melhor estimula&#231;&#227;o poss&#237;vel &#233; a estimula&#231;&#227;o do feixe de His. N&#227;o h&#225; nada que possa obter uma ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o melhor. Portanto, sua estimula&#231;&#227;o &#233; o novo padr&#227;o-ouro na estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca moderna. Comparado com a estimula&#231;&#227;o convencional do ventr&#237;culo direito, mostra uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa no desfecho combinado de morte, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca ou upgrade para estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular (FC=0,65, p=0,02 com estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular &gt;20%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> No entanto, essa estimula&#231;&#227;o tem algumas desvantagens, como dificuldade t&#233;cnica, limiares altos, onda R reduzida e detec&#231;&#227;o indesej&#225;vel da onda P.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Por que estimular o Ramo Esquerdo do Feixe de His?</title>
      <p>Felizmente, a estimula&#231;&#227;o do ramo esquerdo do feixe de His, pela via interventricular transeptal, tem praticamente o mesmo resultado que a estimula&#231;&#227;o de His, mas sem os inconvenientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Em 2005, buscando melhores op&#231;&#245;es de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, propusemos &#224; Medtronic um eletrodo de baixo perfil, com parafuso de fixa&#231;&#227;o endoc&#225;rdica longo, isolado eletricamente, por&#233;m com apenas 1mm eletricamente ativo na por&#231;&#227;o distal. O objetivo era penetrar profundamente no feixe de His ou no septo interventricular para estimular exclusivamente o sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o His-Purkinje sem estimular o mioc&#225;rdio circundante. Embora esse modelo ainda n&#227;o tenha sido disponibilizado comercialmente, a Medtronic lan&#231;ou um eletrodo similar n&#227;o isolado, que se aproxima desse desenho, permitindo a penetra&#231;&#227;o no septo interventricular e a estimula&#231;&#227;o do ramo esquerdo do feixe de His. Embora, a nosso ver, ainda n&#227;o seja o ideal, os resultados s&#227;o altamente promissores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> O implante conta com uma bainha pr&#233;-moldada que facilita a penetra&#231;&#227;o do eletrodo de forma perpendicular no septo interventricular, possibilitando a captura do ramo esquerdo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Isso permite uma ativa&#231;&#227;o praticamente normal do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, geralmente resultando em QRS de dura&#231;&#227;o normal ou pelo menos com um tempo de ativa&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda normal (LVAT &#8804;76ms).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Ainda h&#225; lugar para estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular?</title>
      <p>Sim, a ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o biventricular ainda &#233; normalmente indicada quando a ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o puder ser obtida usando o feixe de His ou a estimula&#231;&#227;o do ramo esquerdo. Atualmente, consideramos que, nos casos com indica&#231;&#227;o de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o, de acordo com as diretrizes Deca/Sobrac, quando o LVAT &#8804;76ms n&#227;o for alcan&#231;ado com a estimula&#231;&#227;o do ramo esquerdo, deve ser realizada a estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular entre o ramo esquerdo e o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, com eletrodo adicional atrav&#233;s do seio coron&#225;rio e de uma veia card&#237;aca ou um eletrodo epic&#225;rdico ou intraventricular esquerdo. Essa abordagem certamente ser&#225; incorporada &#224;s diretrizes nos pr&#243;ximos anos.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Estimula&#231;&#227;o do Ramo Esquerdo do Sistema His-Purkinje: Experi&#234;ncia Inicial</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Left Bundle Pacing: Has Cardiac Pacing Changed Forever?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5111-488X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pach&#243;n-M</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pach&#243;n-M</surname>
            <given-names>Ju&#225;n Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pach&#243;n</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Thiene C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Jos&#233; Carlos M. Pachon &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; IDPC &#8211; Rua Juquis, 204-41. Postal Code 04081-010, Indian&#243;polis, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: pachon@usp.br, jcpachon@hotmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiac Pacemaker Artificial</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Resynchronization</kwd>
        <kwd>Dilated Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
        <kwd>Bradyarrhythmias</kwd>
        <kwd>Syncope</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Yes, the old dream, the stimulation of the His-Purkinje system, has become reality and is now replacing the conventional pacing. In this sense, the article &#8220;Stimulation of the Left Branch of the His-Purkinje System: Initial Experience&#8221; is a great step and should be read not only by the stimulist, but also by the general cardiologist and by the electrophysiologist.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the 60s and 70s, the main purpose of the pacemaker was to correct the heart rate in Stokes-Adams syndrome with total AV block. Pacemakers were dependent on epicardial leads, implanted by thoracotomy. However, in 1959 Furman introduced the endocardial pacing,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> without thoracotomy, becoming the standard of modern cardiac pacing in the right ventricular apex. The success of the cardiac stimulation was extraordinary. Nevertheless, an important limitation emerged due to the lack of atrioventricular synchronism given origin to a first problem: The &#8220;Pacemaker Syndrome&#8221;,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> whose prevention gave rise to the atrioventricular pacemaker.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>A hidden and deleterious side effect</title>
        <p>Despite the great benefit of the AV synchronized pacing, the endocardial lead at the apex of the right ventricle remained causing unwanted pacing<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> with wide QRS and complete left bundle branch block effect, with significant dyssynchrony of the left ventricular walls given rise to a second problem: the &#8220;Ventricular Pacemaker Syndrome or Wide QRS Syndrome&#8221;,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> whose prevention and treatment gave origin to resynchronization therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> . Despite being present in the entire cardiac stimulation, this dyssynchrony was neglected for a long time due to the great benefit resulting of the bradycardia correction.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Pacemaker Induced Cardiomyopathy (PICM)</title>
        <p>PICM is caused by the activation of the left ventricle with a wide QRS that promotes myocardial dyssynchrony, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, papillary muscle dyssynchrony with mitral regurgitation, ventricular and atrial remodeling, dilated cardiomyopathy, and increased mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Among several criteria, we may consider PICM at least when there is &#8805;10% reduction in ejection fraction with no other cause than the ventricular pacing with a wide QRS. It is estimated to occur in up to 50% of pacemaker patients with &#8805;20% of ventricular stimulation for at least 8 years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>How to prevent or treat PICM?</title>
        <p>By &#8220;physiological pacing&#8221; stimulating directly the His bundle or its left branch. Obviously, stimulation of any muscle is much more effective if done directly on the nerve. However, unfortunately, the conventional pacemaker stimulates the muscle (myocardium), causing dyssynchrony. The new active fixation and low-profile leads, handled with pre-shaped sheaths, allow one to stimulate directly the nerve (the conduction system) and have definitely changed the modern cardiac pacing.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>His-Bundle Pacing: New Gold-Standard of Cardiac Pacing</title>
        <p>In cases with AV block with preserved His-Purkinje system, the best possible stimulation is the His bundle pacing. There is nothing that can get better resynchronization. Therefore, His pacing is the new gold-standard in modern cardiac pacing. Compared with right ventricular conventional pacing, it shows a significant reduction in the combined endpoint of death, heart failure hospitalization, or upgrade to biventricular pacing (HR=0.65, p=0.02 with ventricular pacing &gt;20%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> However, this stimulation has some pitfalls, such as technical difficulty, high thresholds, reduced R wave, and undesirable P wave detection.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Why stimulate the Left Branch of the His Bundle?</title>
        <p>Fortunately, stimulation of the left branch of the His bundle, via the transseptal interventricular route, has practically the same result as the His stimulation, but without the drawbacks.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> In 2005, searching for better cardiac resynchronization options, we proposed to Medtronic a low-profile lead, with a longer isolated screw, but with only 1mm electrically active in the distal portion. The aim was to penetrate deep into the His bundle or into the interventricular septum to exclusively stimulate the His-Purkinje conduction system without stimulating the surrounding myocardium. Although this model has not yet been made commercially available, Medtronic has launched a similar non-isolated lead, which approximates this design, allowing penetration into the interventricular septum and stimulation of the left branch of the His bundle. Although, in our view, it is still not ideal, the results are highly promising.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> The implant relies on a pre-shaped sheath that facilitates the perpendicular penetration into the interventricular septum, making it possible to capture the left bundle branch.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> This allows for an almost normal activation of the left ventricle, commonly resulting in QRS of normal duration or at least a normal left ventricular activation time (LVAT &#8804;76ms).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Is there still a place for Biventricular Pacing?</title>
        <p>Yes, biventricular resynchronization is still normally indicated when resynchronization cannot be achieved using His bundle or left bundle branch pacing. Currently, we consider that, in cases with indication for resynchronization, according to Deca/Sobrac guidelines, when LVAT &#8804;76ms is not reached with left bundle pacing, biventricular stimulation between the left bundle and the left ventricle must be performed, with an additional lead through the coronary sinus and cardiac vein, or even epicardial or intraventricular lead. This approach will certainly be incorporated into the guidelines in the coming years.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Left Bundle Branch Pacing of His-Purkinje Conduction System: Initial Experience</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
