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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">SzSsJ7wLC88RKrmS4N4KLTy</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000200503</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20220016</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220016</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Parahissiana &#8211; Nova Alternativa de Estimula&#231;&#227;o mais Fisiol&#243;gica do Cora&#231;&#227;o?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kulchetscki</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7327-2275</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Scanavacca</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">InCor</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">HC</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">FMUSP</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Arritmias &#8211; InCor - HC - FMUSP , S&#227;o Paulo , SP &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Mauricio Scanavacca &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Cardiologia &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>mauricio.scanavacca@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>503</fpage>
      <lpage>504</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Artificial/instrumenta&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Marca-Passo Artificial/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapia por Estimula&#231;&#227;o El&#233;trica/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="11"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Desde o implante do primeiro marca-passo card&#237;aco em 1958 <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> a estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca artificial tem sido alvo de inumer&#225;veis pesquisas, grande aprimoramento t&#233;cnico e inova&#231;&#245;es tecnol&#243;gicas. Assim, a corre&#231;&#227;o de bradiarritmias por meio de dispositivos eletr&#244;nicos implant&#225;veis &#233; a &#225;rea na qual se observou uma das maiores evolu&#231;&#245;es do conhecimento dentro da Cardiologia Intervencionista.</p>
    <p>Mais recentemente, a descri&#231;&#227;o de uma nova t&#233;cnica, a chamada estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca fisiol&#243;gica, causou grande entusiasmo aos especialistas e uma verdadeira transforma&#231;&#227;o na evolu&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes. A estimula&#231;&#227;o fisiol&#243;gica inclui um conjunto de m&#233;todos destinados a estimular eletricamente, direta ou indiretamente, o sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o intraventricular do cora&#231;&#227;o. O seu grande benef&#237;cio &#233; minimizar os efeitos delet&#233;rios causados pela estimula&#231;&#227;o direta do mioc&#225;rdio ventricular direito (VD), que gera dissincronia e poss&#237;vel disfun&#231;&#227;o contr&#225;til do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo em m&#233;dio e longo prazo. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Scherlag et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> descreveram as primeiras estrat&#233;gias de estimula&#231;&#227;o do Feixe de His em 1967. Por&#233;m, a sua implementa&#231;&#227;o na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, infelizmente s&#243; ocorreu no in&#237;cio dos anos 2000, por Deshmukh e colaboradores. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O sucesso das t&#233;cnicas de implante (80-95%), assim como os resultados observados, vem ampliando a indica&#231;&#227;o desse modo de estimula&#231;&#227;o em diversas condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o possibilitou a redu&#231;&#227;o no desenvolvimento de disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e menor incid&#234;ncia de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, segundo dados da literatura, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> tanto na estimula&#231;&#227;o seletiva quanto na n&#227;o seletiva do Feixe de His. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>As limita&#231;&#245;es do m&#233;todo, por enquanto, incluem um tempo maior de fluoroscopia e as taxas de sucesso ainda s&#227;o vari&#225;veis, dependendo da curva de aprendizado dos profissionais habilitados. Ainda, observa-se menor sensibilidade de onda R e maior incid&#234;ncia de aumento de limiar e perda de captura ao longo do seguimento cl&#237;nico, o que justificou o implante de um eletrodo adicional no ventr&#237;culo direito por alguns profissionais.</p>
    <p>A estimula&#231;&#227;o mais seletiva do ramo esquerdo, proposta em 2017 por Huang et al., <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> vem sendo utilizada num n&#250;mero crescente de pacientes como alternativa &#224; estimula&#231;&#227;o hissiana, pois evita algumas dificuldades t&#233;cnicas descritas no implante do eletrodo no feixe de His. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os mesmos autores publicaram uma s&#233;rie envolvendo um n&#250;mero expressivo de pacientes, nos quais obtiveram sucesso no implante em 97,8% dos casos. Nesse estudo, observaram manuten&#231;&#227;o dos limiares de estimula&#231;&#227;o e sensibilidade de onda R semelhantes &#224;s da estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca artificial convencional, com a vantagem de evitar disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular num seguimento m&#233;dio de 2 anos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A t&#233;cnica de estimula&#231;&#227;o do ramo esquerdo parece requerer uma curva de aprendizado mais r&#225;pida, por&#233;m ainda exige treinamento espec&#237;fico e uso de materiais especiais, como bainhas pr&#233;-moldadas ou deflect&#237;veis, al&#233;m de eletrodos especiais. Estes insumos implicam em custos adicionais que podem dificultar a sua implanta&#231;&#227;o rotineira na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
    <p>Nessa edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Ferrari et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> prop&#245;em um novo m&#233;todo de estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca fisiol&#243;gica n&#227;o seletiva parahissiana. De acordo com os autores, a t&#233;cnica utiliza um eletrodo de estimula&#231;&#227;o ventricular convencional, posicionado na regi&#227;o septal alta do ventr&#237;culo direito, pr&#243;ximo &#224; localiza&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica do Feixe de His.</p>
    <p>Nesse estudo, a estimula&#231;&#227;o foi capaz de capturar o mioc&#225;rdio do ventr&#237;culo direito e, simultaneamente o sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o. Para avaliar a sincronia de ativa&#231;&#227;o ventricular, os autores utilizaram um software especial para an&#225;lise eletrocardiogr&#225;fica da vari&#226;ncia espacial do complexo QRS. Por meio desse m&#233;todo, demonstraram corre&#231;&#227;o da dissincronia ventricular do paciente, quando comparada ao per&#237;odo pr&#233;-implante.</p>
    <p>As vantagens do m&#233;todo incluem menores custos, dada sua factibilidade com utiliza&#231;&#227;o de eletrodos convencionais de marca-passo, uma mais r&#225;pida curva de aprendizado e, aparentemente, maior sensibilidade da onda R em compara&#231;&#227;o aos implantes no Feixe de His. Por outro lado, entre as poss&#237;veis desvantagens, pontua-se a necessidade de medida da dissincronia ventricular durante o implante, por meio de um software ainda n&#227;o amplamente dispon&#237;vel.</p>
    <p>Por tratar-se de um estudo de pequeno porte e com tempo de seguimento apenas intrahospitalar, &#233; pertinente questionarmos se de fato, como &#233; sugerido pelos autores, a sincronia card&#237;aca medida pelo m&#233;todo de an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia espacial do QRS &#233; suficiente para garantir uma ativa&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca fisiol&#243;gica, a despeito do alargamento do QRS.</p>
    <p>Os autores, no entanto, prop&#245;em essa alternativa bastante interessante, a estimula&#231;&#227;o indireta do sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o, que certamente merece ser explorada em estudos com maior n&#250;mero de pacientes e mais tempo de acompanhamento.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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              <surname>Wang</surname>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Wu</surname>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Xu</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Huang</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chen</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Long-Term Safety and Feasibility of Left Bundle Branch Pacing in a Large Single-Center Study</article-title>
          <source>Circ: Arrhythm Electrophysiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <elocation-id>e009261</elocation-id>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCEP.120.009261</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
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        <mixed-citation>11. Ferrari ADL, Gazzoni GF, Domingues LML, Willes JCF, Cabral GC, Ferreira FVC, et al. Sincronia Ventricular na Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Parahissiana: Alternativa por Ativa&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Fisiol&#243;gica (Estimula&#231;&#227;o Indireta do Feixe de His)? Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022 ; 118(2):488-502.</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Gazzoni</surname>
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              <surname>Domingues</surname>
              <given-names>LML</given-names>
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              <surname>Willes</surname>
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              <surname>Cabral</surname>
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    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Sincronia Ventricular na Estimula&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Parahissiana: Alternativa por Ativa&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Fisiol&#243;gica (Estimula&#231;&#227;o Indireta do Feixe de His)?</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Parahissian Cardiac Stimulation &#8211; New Alternative for More Physiological Stimulation of the Heart?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kulchetscki</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7327-2275</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Scanavacca</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Arritmias &#8211; InCor-HC-FMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Mauricio Scanavacca &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Cardiologia &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: mauricio.scanavacca@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Eletric Stimulation Cardiac/instrumentation</kwd>
        <kwd>Pacemarkr, Artificial/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Therapy Electric Stimulation/trends</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Since the implantation of the first cardiac pacemaker in 1958,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> artificial cardiac pacing has been the subject of innumerable research, great technical improvement, and technological innovations. Thus, the correction of bradyarrhythmias using implantable electronic devices is the area in which one of the greatest advances in knowledge within Interventional Cardiology has been observed.</p>
      <p>More recently, the description of a new technique, the so-called physiological cardiac stimulation, caused great enthusiasm among specialists and a real transformation in the evolution of patients. Physiological stimulation includes a set of methods intended to electrically stimulate, directly or indirectly, the intraventricular conduction system of the heart. Its great benefit is to minimize the deleterious effects caused by direct stimulation of the right ventricular myocardium (RV), which generates dyssynchrony and possible left ventricular contractile dysfunction in the medium and long term.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Scherlag et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> described the first strategies for stimulating the Bundle of His in 1967. However, its implementation in clinical practice, unfortunately, only took place in the early 2000s.,by Deshmukh et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The success of implant techniques (80-95%) and the results observed have been expanding the indication of this stimulation mode in different clinical conditions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Its use enabled a reduction in the development of ventricular dysfunction and a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation, according to literature data,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> both in selective and non-selective stimulation of the Bundle of His.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The limitations of the method, for now, include a longer fluoroscopy time, and success rates are still variable, depending on the learning curve of qualified professionals. Furthermore, lower R-wave sensitivity and higher incidence of threshold increase, and loss of capture were observed during the clinical follow-up, which justified some professionals&#8217; implantation of an additional electrode in the right ventricle.</p>
      <p>More selective stimulation of the left branch, proposed in 2017 by Huang et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> has been used in an increasing number of patients as an alternative to Hissian stimulation, as it avoids some technical difficulties described in the implantation of the electrode in the Bundle of His.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The same authors published a series involving a significant number of patients in which the implant was successful in 97.8% of the cases. In this study, they observed maintenance of stimulation thresholds and R-wave sensitivity similar to conventional artificial cardiac pacing, with the advantage of avoiding ventricular dysfunction in a mean follow-up of 2 years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The left branch stimulation technique seems to require a faster learning curve. However, it still requires specific training and the use of special materials, such as pre-shaped or deflectable sheaths, in addition to special electrodes. These inputs imply additional costs that can make their routine implementation in clinical practice difficult.</p>
      <p>In this edition of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> , Ferrari et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> propose a new non-selective parahissian physiological cardiac pacing method. According to the authors, the technique uses a conventional ventricular pacing electrode, positioned in the high septal region of the right ventricle, close to the anatomical location of the Bundle of His.</p>
      <p>In this study, the stimulation was able to capture the right ventricular myocardium and, simultaneously, the conduction system. To assess the timing of ventricular activation, the authors used special software for electrocardiographic analysis of the spatial variance of the QRS complex. Through this method, they demonstrated correction of the patient&#8217;s ventricular dyssynchrony compared to the pre-implant period.</p>
      <p>The method&#8217;s advantages include lower costs, given its feasibility with conventional pacemaker electrodes, a faster learning curve and, apparently, greater R-wave sensitivity compared to His Bundle implants. On the other hand, among the possible disadvantages is the need to measure ventricular dyssynchrony during implantation using software that is not yet widely available.</p>
      <p>As this is a small study with only in-hospital follow-up time, it is pertinent to question whether, as suggested by the authors, cardiac synchrony measured by the QRS spatial variance analysis method is sufficient to guarantee activation physiological heart rate, despite the widening of the QRS.</p>
      <p>The authors, however, propose this very interesting alternative, indirect stimulation of the conduction system, which certainly deserves to be explored in studies with a greater number of patients and longer follow-up.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Ventricular Synchrony in Para-Hisian Cardiac Pacing as an Alternative for Physiological Cardiac Activation (Indirect Recruitment of the His Bundle?)</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
