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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">QYJ9gx6pVZSqq3zBnf8Hxdy</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000200446</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20211017</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20211017</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pterostilbeno P&#243;s Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio: Efeito no Cora&#231;&#227;o e Pulm&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8825-6980</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rafacho</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna Paola Murino</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Farmac&#234;uticas, Alimentos e Nutri&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Campo Grande</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul &#8211; Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Farmac&#234;uticas, Alimentos e Nutri&#231;&#227;o,Campo Grande, MS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Bruna Paola Murino Rafacho &#8226; Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Farmac&#234;uticas, Alimentos e Nutri&#231;&#227;o (FACFAN) &#8211; Bloco 19, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n. CEP 79070-900, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, Bairro Universit&#225;rio, Campo Grande, MS &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>bruna.paola@ufms.br</email> , <email>brunapaola@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>446</fpage>
      <lpage>447</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Pterostilbeno</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto Agudo do mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Estresse Oxidativo</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares s&#227;o a principal causa de morte no Brasil e no mundo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> No Brasil, as doen&#231;as isqu&#234;micas do cora&#231;&#227;o ocupam a primeira causa de morte cardiovascular,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> tendo o infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio taxa de mortalidade de 9,06% at&#233; outubro de 2021.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A isquemia do mioc&#225;rdio gera a libera&#231;&#227;o de esp&#233;cies reativas de oxig&#234;nio (EROs) e de nitrog&#234;nio (ERNs) que, por sua vez, estimulam o aumento de mediadores pr&#243;-inflamat&#243;rios que ativam diferentes vias para promover a repara&#231;&#227;o da regi&#227;o infartada, processo conhecido como remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Entretanto, quando h&#225; produ&#231;&#227;o prolongada de esp&#233;cies reativas, incapacidade do sistema antioxidante e amplifica&#231;&#227;o das altera&#231;&#245;es inflamat&#243;rias e metab&#243;licas do cora&#231;&#227;o, h&#225; comprometimento da regi&#227;o n&#227;o infartada, levando a altera&#231;&#245;es progressivas na geometria ventricular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Progressivamente, ocorrem altera&#231;&#245;es nos ventr&#237;culos esquerdo e direito associadas a modifica&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas nos vasos pulmonares e consequente hipertens&#227;o pulmonar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Neste contexto, a busca por tratamentos que atenuem as altera&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas e pulmonares com foco no equil&#237;brio redox se destacam.</p>
    <p>Nos cardiomi&#243;citos, as esp&#233;cies reativas podem ter origem nas enzimas nicotinamida adenina dinucleot&#237;de (NADPH) oxidases, xantina oxidase e &#243;xido n&#237;trico sintase (NOS) desacoplada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> A produ&#231;&#227;o das especies reativas podem ser bloqueadas nos tecidos por meio do sistema antioxidante enzim&#225;tico, que incluem as enzimas glutationa peroxidase (GPx), super&#243;xido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT), ou por sistemas n&#227;o enzim&#225;ticos, que incluem glutationa, vitamina C e E.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Recentemente, o uso de componentes antioxidantes derivados de alimentos tem se destacado em diferentes modelos. Os polif&#233;nois s&#227;o um grupo de mol&#233;culas encontradas em alimentos vegetais e tem sido associados a efeitos ben&#233;ficos no tratamento de v&#225;rias condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> O pterostilbeno (PS) &#233; um derivado do resveratrol encontrado em frutas vermelhas e uvas e com efeito antioxidante em diferentes modelos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Tasca et al. mostram o efeito protetor deste composto nos tecidos card&#237;acos e pulmonares em modelo experimental de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) em ratos Wistar. O IAM promoveu altera&#231;&#245;es funcionais card&#237;acas, acompanhadas de aumento das enzimas oxidantes (maior express&#227;o de xantina oxidase, maior atividade da NADPH oxidase no ventr&#237;culo direito - VD) e menor concentra&#231;&#227;o de antioxidantes (sulfidrilas e NOS). Nos pulm&#245;es, houve redu&#231;&#227;o da concentra&#231;&#227;o de SOD 14 dias ap&#243;s o evento isqu&#234;mico nos animais que n&#227;o receberam o composto antioxidante. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos efeitos do PS, este reverteu as altera&#231;&#245;es encontradas nas enzimas antioxidantes do VD p&#243;s-infarto e aumentou a concentra&#231;&#227;o de glutationa, SOD e CAT no tecido pulmonar, confirmando o efeito antioxidante. &#201; interessante observar ainda que houve aumento da express&#227;o do fator nuclear 2 relacionado ao eritroide 2 (Nrf2), um regulador chave da resposta antioxidante, indicando um potencial mecanismo de a&#231;&#227;o do PS.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Desta forma, nota-se que a avalia&#231;&#227;o do tecido pulmonar e do VD ap&#243;s o IAM &#233; um diferencial do trabalho, bem como a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do efeito antioxidante do PS nesses tecidos, abrindo caminhos para melhor entendimento das a&#231;&#245;es de compostos antioxidantes nas altera&#231;&#245;es p&#243;s infarto e o uso do PS em diferentes tempos de interven&#231;&#227;o e em outros modelos.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Pterostilbeno Reduz o Estresse Oxidativo no Pulm&#227;o e no Ventr&#237;culo Direito Induzido por Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio Experimental</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pterostilbene after Acute Myocardial Infarction: Effect on Heart and Lung Tissues</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8825-6980</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rafacho</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna Paola Murino</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul &#8211; Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Farmac&#234;uticas, Alimentos e Nutri&#231;&#227;o, Campo Grande, MS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Bruna Paola Murino Rafacho &#8226; Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Farmac&#234;uticas, Alimentos e Nutri&#231;&#227;o (FACFAN) &#8211; Bloco 19, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n. Postal Code 79070-900, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, Bairro Universit&#225;rio, Campo Grande, MS &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: bruna.paola@ufms.br, brunapaola@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Pterostilbene</kwd>
        <kwd>Acute Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Oxidative Stress</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In Brazil, ischemic heart diseases are the leading cause of cardiovascular death,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> and acute myocardial infarction presented a mortality rate of 9.06% until October 2021.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Myocardial ischemia generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which, in turn, increases pro-inflammatory mediators that might activate different pathways to promote repairing of the infarcted region, a process known as cardiac remodeling.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> However, when there is prolonged production of reactive species, incapacity of the antioxidant system and amplification of inflammatory and metabolic changes in the heart, non-infarcted region is impaired, leading to progressive changes in ventricular geometry.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Progressively, changes can occur in the left and right ventricles associated with hemodynamic changes in the pulmonary vessels and consequent pulmonary hypertension.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> In this context, the search for treatments that might attenuate cardiac and pulmonary changes focusing on redox balance stand out.</p>
      <p>Regarding cardiomyocytes, reactive species can be originated from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) oxidases, xanthine oxidase and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Reactive species production generated in tissues can be blocked through enzymatic antioxidant system, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), or through non-enzymatic systems, which include glutathione, vitamin C and E.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Recently, the use of antioxidant components derived from foods has been highlighted in different models. Polyphenols are a group of molecules found in plant foods and have been associated with beneficial effects in prevention and treatment of various clinical conditions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Pterostilbene (PS) is a resveratrol derivative found in red fruits and grapes and it has been exhibited antioxidant effect in different disease models.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the present issue of Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Tasca et al. show the protective effect of this compound on cardiac and pulmonary tissues in an experimental model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Wistar rats. AMI promoted cardiac functional alterations, accompanied by an increase in oxidizing enzymes (greater expression of xanthine oxidase, greater NADPH oxidase activity) and lower concentration of antioxidants (sulfhydryls and NOS) in the right ventricle (RV). In lung tissue, reduction in the concentration of SOD 14 days after the ischemic event in animals that did not receive the antioxidant compound was observed. Regarding PS effects, it reversed the changes found in antioxidant enzymes of the post-infarction RV and increased the concentration of glutathione, SOD and CAT in the lung tissue, confirming the antioxidant effect. Interestingly, there was an increase in the expression of nuclear factor 2 related to erythroid 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of the antioxidant response, indicating a potential mechanism of action for PS.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Thus, it is noted that the assessment of lung tissue and the RV after AMI is a differential of the present research, as well as the characterization of the antioxidant effect of PS in these tissues, opening paths for a better understanding of antioxidant compounds action in post-infarction changes and the use of PS in different times of intervention and other models.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Pterostilbene Reduces Experimental Myocardial Infarction-Induced Oxidative Stress in Lung and Right Ventricle</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
