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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">9HQ5TFRv4HwzDZzZPRgnt6k</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2022000200409</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210991</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210991</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Interleucina 35 (IL35): Um Novo Biomarcador para Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4122-0264</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Gilson Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica,Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santa Izabel da Santa Casa da Bahia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Izabel da Santa Casa da Bahia,Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Gilson Soares Feitosa &#8226; Hospital Santa Izabel <italic>&#8211;</italic> Rua Florida, 211/302. Ed El Prado. CEP 40150-480, Bairro Gra&#231;a, Salvador, BA - Brasil. E-mail: <email>gfeitosa@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>118</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>409</fpage>
      <lpage>410</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Interleucina 35</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarcadores</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Citocinas</kwd>
        <kwd>Troponina</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="8"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Em termos gerais, os biomarcadores s&#227;o par&#226;metros biol&#243;gicos associados &#224; presen&#231;a e gravidade de uma doen&#231;a. Os biomarcadores podem ser detectados por diversos meios, incluindo o exame f&#237;sico e a avalia&#231;&#227;o por exames laboratoriais ou por imagem.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Uma defini&#231;&#227;o mais recente e objetivamente direcionada restringe seus dom&#237;nios a uma subst&#226;ncia proteica <italic>&#8211;</italic> enzima, horm&#244;nio ou sem fun&#231;&#227;o conhecida <italic>&#8211;</italic> que se relaciona ao estado de sa&#250;de, indicando um bom estado de sa&#250;de ou doen&#231;a, permitindo assim o diagn&#243;stico de uma determinada doen&#231;a, ou sua gravidade, ou ent&#227;o sendo um alvo terap&#234;utico, ou servindo a finalidade de orienta&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica, que pode ser obtida a partir do sangue, urina, saliva ou outros fluidos ou tecidos corporais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No estudo publicado neste n&#250;mero do Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021, Oflar et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> apresentam os resultados de uma avalia&#231;&#227;o caso-controle transversal dos achados da interleucina 35 (IL35) entre um grupo de 60 pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana est&#225;vel comprovada angiograficamente e um grupo de 46 indiv&#237;duos, tamb&#233;m comprovada angiograficamente, sem doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.</p>
    <p>Eles afirmam ter demonstrado uma rela&#231;&#227;o inversa entre o n&#237;vel s&#233;rico de IL35 e a presen&#231;a e gravidade da doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica coronariana. O Gensini e o Syntax Score medem a extens&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Assim, eles sugerem que essa citocina anti-inflamat&#243;ria parece estar reduzida em pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, principalmente na doen&#231;a mais extensa.</p>
    <p>O desenvolvimento de um biomarcador deve necessariamente seguir v&#225;rias etapas, que come&#231;am pela identifica&#231;&#227;o de um potencial candidato em uma fase pr&#233;-cl&#237;nica, seguida de sua caracteriza&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica <italic>&#8211;</italic> geralmente testando em um pequeno n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos, onde h&#225; o estabelecimento de valores de refer&#234;ncia. Uma terceira etapa, geralmente com um grupo de controle, retrospectivo, um n&#250;mero modesto de participantes, serve para visualizar sua capacidade preditiva. Em seguida, vem a quarta fase, prospectiva, com um n&#250;mero consideravelmente maior de pacientes, onde se avalia a efic&#225;cia do teste e se constroem as curvas ROC. E, por fim, vem a fase cinco, longitudinal, com um n&#250;mero ainda maior de participantes, quando se estabelece a efic&#225;cia e aplicabilidade do teste.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Este biomarcador ainda deve apresentar outras caracter&#237;sticas exigidas: permitir medi&#231;&#245;es repetidas e precisas, de prefer&#234;ncia obtidas com rapidez e a um custo razo&#225;vel.</p>
    <p>Deve tamb&#233;m fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es e o que &#233; poss&#237;vel obter com o exame cl&#237;nico, sendo considerados para o estabelecimento das decis&#245;es cl&#237;nicas.</p>
    <p>Muitos biomarcadores potenciais est&#227;o sendo avaliados no momento atual, incluindo a perspectiva de sua acelera&#231;&#227;o de desenvolvimento devido &#224; utiliza&#231;&#227;o progressiva da intelig&#234;ncia artificial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, biomarcadores tradicionais t&#234;m sido intensamente utilizados em grupos distintos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> como a troponina e hs-CRP, e aqueles com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, o BNP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O presente estudo &#233; relevante porque refor&#231;a a ideia do papel potencial da IL35 neste contexto, como j&#225; foi considerado por outros,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> embora em um pequeno n&#250;mero de publica&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    <p>Esperamos ver estudos subsequentes que ir&#227;o testar este potencial biomarcador de forma mais definitiva em um estudo longitudinal adequado, prospectivo, com uma popula&#231;&#227;o maior e, esperan&#231;osamente, em grupos geogr&#225;ficos e &#233;tnicos distintos.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: N&#237;veis de Interleucina-35 em Pacientes com Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana Est&#225;vel</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Interleukin 35 (IL35): A New Biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4122-0264</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Gilson Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Izabel da Santa Casa da Bahia, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Gilson Soares Feitosa &#8226; Hospital Santa Izabel <italic>&#8211;</italic> Rua Florida, 211/302. Ed El Prado. Postal Code 40150-480, Bairro Gra&#231;a, Salvador, BA - Brazil. E-mail: gfeitosa@cardiol.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Interleukin 35</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarkers</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic Imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Cytokines</kwd>
        <kwd>Troponin</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>In general terms, biomarkers are biologic parameters associated with an illness&#8217;s presence and severity. Biomarkers can be detected by several means, including the physical exam and evaluation by laboratory tests or by image.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A more recent and objectively directed definition restricts its realms to a proteic substance &#8211; enzyme, hormone or without known function- that relates to health status, indicating a good status of health or disease, thus allowing for diagnosing a given disease, or its severity, or else being a therapeutic target, or serving the purpose of therapeutic guidance, that can be obtained from the blood, urine, saliva or other body fluids or tissues.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In Study published in this issue of the Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021, Oflar et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> present the results of a transversal, case-control evaluation of the findings of interleukin 35 (IL35) between a group of 60 angiographically proven stable coronary artery disease patients and a group of 46 individuals, also angiographically proven, devoid of coronary artery disease.</p>
      <p>They claim to have demonstrated an inverse relationship between IL35 serum level and the presence and severity of coronary atherosclerotic disease. The Gensini and the Syntax Score measure the extension.</p>
      <p>Thus, they suggest that this antiinflammatory cytokine seems to be reduced in patients with coronary artery disease, mainly with the most extensive disease.</p>
      <p>The development of a biomarker must necessarily follow several steps, which start by identifying a potential candidate in a pre-clinical phase, followed by its clinical characterization &#8211; usually testing in a small number of individuals, where there is the establishment of reference values. A third stage, usually with a control-group, retrospective, modest number of participants, serves to visualize its predictive capability. Then comes the fourth phase, prospective, with a considerably larger number of patients, where the efficacy of the test is evaluated, and ROC curves are built. And finally, comes phase five, longitudinal, with an even larger number of participants, when the effectiveness and applicability of the test are established.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>This biomarker still has to display other required characteristics: allow for repeated and accurate measurements, preferably obtained quickly and at a reasonable cost.</p>
      <p>They must also provide information and what is possible to obtain by the clinical exam, being considered for establishment of clinical decisions.</p>
      <p>Many potential biomarkers are being evaluated at the present moment, including the perspective of its acceleration of development because of the progressive utilization of artificial intelligence.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In coronary artery disease, traditional biomarkers have been intensively utilized in distinct groups<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> such as troponin and hs-CRP, and those with heart failure, the BNP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The present study is relevant because it adds to the idea of the potential role of IL35 in this context, as it has been considered by others,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> albeit in a small number of publications.</p>
      <p>We look forward to seeing subsequent studies that will test this potential biomarker more definitively in a proper, prospective, longitudinal study, with a larger population, and hopefully in distinct geographical and ethnic groups.</p>
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          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Interleukin-35 Levels in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease</p>
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