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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">7QcnRfMhbBdgpvHKbsPzWzM</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000800016</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200199</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200199</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiomiopatia Dilatada: Nova Variante no Gene da Filamina-C</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0321-7208</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Frasson</surname>
            <given-names>Murilo Zomer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5821-3154</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jaeger</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano Pederneiras</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital M&#227;e de Deus</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital M&#227;e de Deus - Resid&#234;ncia M&#233;dica de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Murilo Zomer Frasson</bold> &#8226; Hospital M&#227;e de Deus - Resid&#234;ncia M&#233;dica de Cardiologia - Rua Jos&#233; de Alencar, 286. CEP <postal-code>90880-480</postal-code>, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>frasson.murilo@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Frasson MZ e Jaeger CP.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>19</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>1 suppl 1</issue>
      <fpage>16</fpage>
      <lpage>18</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/gen&#233;tica</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Filaminas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="11"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Relato de Caso</title>
      <p>Apresentamos o relato de caso de um paciente masculino de 50 anos de idade que procurou o departamento de pronto-socorro de nossa institui&#231;&#227;o com queixa de dispneia progressiva h&#225; 1 semana. O paciente relatava hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de fibromialgia e negava demais comorbidades, como infarto mioc&#225;rdico ou acidente vascular cerebral. Negava tabagismo atual e fazia uso eventual de &#225;lcool. Como medicamentos de uso cont&#237;nuo, utilizava duloxetina, pregabalina e zolpidem. M&#227;e e primos com hist&#243;ria de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca por miocardiopatia dilatada idiop&#225;tica, sem demais comorbidades cardiovasculares em seu hist&#243;rico familiar.</p>
      <p>Ao exame f&#237;sico, apresentava sinais vitais est&#225;veis, crepita&#231;&#245;es em bases pulmonares e edema de membros inferiores. Ausculta card&#237;aca sem comemorativos. Eletrocardiograma realizado mostrava ritmo sinusal, sem sinais de sobrecarga atrial ou ventricular (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). Radiografia de t&#243;rax revelou cardiomegalia. Nos exames laboratoriais, chamava a aten&#231;&#227;o um NT-pr&#243;-BNP de 2.335 pg/mL, e a s&#233;rie de troponinas T ultrassens&#237;veis revelou valores consecutivos de 0,074 ng/mL e 0,072 ng/mL (valor de refer&#234;ncia &lt;0,014 ng/mL).</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Eletrocardiograma.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-1suppl1-0016-00199-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <p>O paciente foi internado para investiga&#231;&#227;o. Ecocardiograma revelou uma cardiopatia dilatada com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de 37,1%, com uma hipocinesia difusa das paredes do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. Um cateterismo card&#237;aco revelou coron&#225;rias sem estenoses significativas. Foi realizada resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca, que demonstrou fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de 27% com disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica global e aus&#234;ncia de fibrose, sugerindo cardiomiopatia dilatada idiop&#225;tica. Tamb&#233;m foi realizado <italic>holter</italic> de 24 horas, que n&#227;o evidenciou arritmias ventriculares durante o per&#237;odo de monitoramento.</p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s compensa&#231;&#227;o com medidas para insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca na institui&#231;&#227;o, o paciente realizou teste gen&#233;tico para cardiomiopatias heredit&#225;rias, tendo sido analisados os genes listados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>. A an&#225;lise foi feita com extra&#231;&#227;o e fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do DNA gen&#244;mico, seguida de identifica&#231;&#227;o, captura e enriquecimento das regi&#245;es de interesse. O resultado de tal exame revelou uma variante provavelmente patog&#234;nica c.1595delIT em heterozigose no gene da filamina-C (<italic>FLNC</italic>). Este gene tem sido associado a uma s&#233;rie de cardiopatias, tais como: (1) cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica familiar, de heran&#231;a n&#227;o determinada; (2) cardiomiopatia restritiva familiar,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> de heran&#231;a autoss&#244;mica dominante [OMIM: 617047]; (3) miopatia distal de heran&#231;a autoss&#244;mica dominante [OMIM: 614065]; e (4) miopatia miofibrilar, de heran&#231;a autoss&#244;mica dominante [OMIM: 609524].<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> A variante identificada &#233; caracterizada pela dele&#231;&#227;o de um nucleot&#237;dio que, preditamente, leva &#224; altera&#231;&#227;o da matriz de leitura (<italic>frameshift</italic>) ao promover a substitui&#231;&#227;o do amino&#225;cido valina no c&#243;don 532 por uma glicina, com consequente parada precoce da tradu&#231;&#227;o proteica 16 posi&#231;&#245;es &#224; frente (p.(Val532Glyfs*16)) resultando em uma prote&#237;na truncada. A variante est&#225; ausente nos bancos de frequ&#234;ncia populacionais (Exome Aggregation Consortium [ExAC] e The Genome Aggregation Database [GnomAD]),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> n&#227;o foi descrita na literatura m&#233;dica em nenhum momento e nunca foi observada no banco de dados ClinVar.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> A filamina-C &#233; uma prote&#237;na expressada principalmente no m&#250;sculo card&#237;aco e m&#250;sculo esquel&#233;tico, sendo codificada pelo gene <italic>FLNC</italic>. A prote&#237;na &#233; respons&#225;vel pelo <italic>crosslink</italic> dos filamentos de actina em redes ortogonais no citoplasma cortical das c&#233;lulas e participa da ancoragem de prote&#237;nas de membrana para o citoesqueleto da actina.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Devido a essas fun&#231;&#245;es e sua express&#227;o no m&#250;sculo card&#237;aco predominante, o gene <italic>FLNC</italic> tem sido relacionado a cardiomiopatias dilatadas ou arritmog&#234;nicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Segundo as m&#233;tricas dispon&#237;veis no banco de dados GnomAD, o gene <italic>FLNC</italic> n&#227;o tolera altera&#231;&#245;es <italic>loss-of-function</italic>. Ademais, muta&#231;&#245;es <italic>frameshift</italic> t&#234;m sido relacionadas &#224;s doen&#231;as de cardiomiopatia arritmog&#234;nica/dilatada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> De acordo com os crit&#233;rios do American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> esta variante encontrada &#233; classificada como provavelmente patog&#234;nica.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Painel gen&#233;tico analisado</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="none">
          <colgroup width="100%">
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">ABCC9; ACTC1; ACTN2; ANK2; BAG3; BRAF; CALR3; CAV3; CBL; CRYAB; CSRP3; DES; DSC2; DSG2; DSP; DTNA; EMD; EYA4; FHL1; FKTN; FLNC; GAA; GLA; HRAS; JPH2; JUP; KRAS; LAMP2; LDB3; LMNA; MAP2K1; MAP2K2; MYBPC3; MYH6; MYH7; MYL2; MYL3; MYLK2; MYOT; MYOZ2; NEBL; NEXN; NRAS; PKP2; PLN; PRKAG2; PSEN1; PSEN2; PTPN11; RAF1; RBM20; RPSA; RYR2; SCN5A; SGCD; SHOC2; SLC25A4; SOS1; SPRED1; SYNE1; SYNE2; TAZ; TCAP; TGFB3; TMEM43; TMPO; TNNC1; TNNI3; TNNT2; TPM1; TRIM63; TTN; TTR; VCL.</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>O paciente apresentou melhora cl&#237;nica com o tratamento, tendo recebido alta com furosemida, sacubitril-valsartana e carvedilol. Foi recomendado aconselhamento gen&#233;tico &#224; fam&#237;lia, posto que familiares em primeiro grau de indiv&#237;duos portadores de variantes patog&#234;nicas em heterozigose do gene <italic>FLNC</italic> t&#234;m 50% de probabilidade de serem portadores da mesma variante. Apesar do risco de arritmias ventriculares importantes, neste caso espec&#237;fico, o paciente optou pelo n&#227;o implante de cardiodesfibrilador (CDI) em um primeiro momento. Quanto a esse aspecto de preven&#231;&#227;o de morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca, lembramos que o estudo DANISH<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> n&#227;o demonstrou benef&#237;cio em termos de diminui&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida de etiologia n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica. Contudo, &#233; importante ressaltar que, de acordo com diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de etiologia n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o &#8804;35% poder&#227;o ter indica&#231;&#227;o de CDI, inclusive para profilaxia prim&#225;ria (Classe IIa).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Al&#233;m disso, as diretrizes do Heart Rhythm Journal de 2019<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> citam que, em pacientes com cardiomiopatia arritmog&#234;nica ligada a muta&#231;&#227;o no gene <italic>FLNC</italic> e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o &lt;45%, o implante do CDI &#233; terapia a ser considerada (Classe IIa/C). Esta seria uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o mais espec&#237;fica, visto que leva em considera&#231;&#227;o o car&#225;ter gen&#233;tico da patologia do paciente. Sentimos que a decis&#227;o quanto ao implante ou n&#227;o de CDI deva levar em conta as evid&#234;ncias liter&#225;rias, mas que tamb&#233;m seja individualizada, observando-se sempre a vontade do paciente e sua qualidade e expectativa de vida.</p>
      <p>Diante de tal relato, consideramos a import&#226;ncia de se buscar ativamente a etiologia para casos de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca presumidamente idiop&#225;tica, incluindo a pesquisa gen&#233;tica, visto que h&#225; a possibilidade de que seja encontrado um fator causal para a doen&#231;a de um paciente, que muitas vezes pode estar sendo privado de um diagn&#243;stico mais espec&#237;fico. Evidentemente, existem certas dificuldades para a oferta do rastreamento gen&#233;tico, tais como baixa disponibilidade do exame em muitos locais, pre&#231;o elevado e falta de difus&#227;o do conhecimento gen&#233;tico entre os cardiologistas gerais. Salienta-se que a gen&#233;tica &#233; um campo ainda em grande desenvolvimento, no qual certamente muitas muta&#231;&#245;es e variantes patog&#234;nicas ainda devem ser catalogadas, possibilitando orienta&#231;&#245;es muito mais precisas ao paciente e seus familiares, uma vez determinada a origem da patologia em quest&#227;o.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <p>
          <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Dilated Cardiomyopathy: New Variant in the Filamin-C Gene</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0321-7208</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Frasson</surname>
            <given-names>Murilo Zomer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5821-3154</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jaeger</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano Pederneiras</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital M&#227;e de Deus - Resid&#234;ncia M&#233;dica de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Murilo Zomer Frasson</bold> &#8226; Hospital M&#227;e de Deus - Resid&#234;ncia M&#233;dica de Cardiologia - Rua Jos&#233; de Alencar, 286. Postal Code <postal-code>90880-480</postal-code>, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>frasson.murilo@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author Contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of the data, Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Frasson MZ e Jaeger CP</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathy Dilated/genetics</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Filamins</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Case Report</title>
        <p>This is a case report of a 50-year-old male patient who came to the emergency department of our institution with a complaint of progressive dyspnea for a week. The patient reported a previous history of fibromyalgia and denied other comorbidities, such as myocardial infarction or stroke. He denied current smoking, but occasionally used alcohol. His routine medications included duloxetine, pregabalin and zolpidem. His mother and cousins had a history of heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, with no other cardiovascular comorbidities in his family history.</p>
        <p>On physical examination, he showed stable vital signs, crackles in the lung bases and edema in the lower limbs. Cardiac auscultation showed normal heart sounds. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm, with no signs of atrial or ventricular overload (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>). The chest radiography revealed cardiomegaly. The laboratory tests showed an NT-pro-BNP of 2335 pg/mL, and the series of ultrasensitive T-troponins revealed consecutive values of 0.074 ng/mL and 0.072 ng/mL (reference value &lt; 0.014 ng/mL).</p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Electrocardiogram.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-1suppl1-0016-00199-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>The patient was admitted for investigation. His echocardiogram revealed dilated heart disease, an ejection fraction of 37.1%, with diffuse hypokinesia of the left ventricular walls. A cardiac catheterization revealed coronary arteries without significant stenoses. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed an ejection fraction of 27%, with global systolic dysfunction and absence of fibrosis, suggesting an idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. A 24-hour Holter was also performed, which did not show ventricular arrhythmias during the monitoring period.</p>
        <p>After the patient was compensated with measures for heart failure at the institution, the patient underwent genetic testing for hereditary cardiomyopathies, and the genes listed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 1</xref> were analyzed. The analysis was performed with genomic DNA extraction and fragmentation followed by identification, capture and enrichment of the regions of interest. The result of such examination revealed a likely pathogenic variant c.1595delIT in heterozygosity in the Filamin-C gene - <italic>FLNC</italic>. This gene has been associated with a number of heart diseases, such as: (1) familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, of undetermined inheritance; (2) familial restrictive cardiomyopathy,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> of autosomal dominant inheritance [OMIM: 617047]; (3) distal myopathy, of autosomal dominant inheritance [OMIM: 614065] and (4) myofibrillar myopathy, of autosomal dominant inheritance [OMIM: 609524].<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> The identified variant is characterized by the deletion of a nucleotide that, predictably, leads to a change in the reading frame (frameshift) by promoting the replacement of the amino acid valine at codon 532 by a glycine, with consequent early stop of protein translation 16 positions ahead (p.(Val532Glyfs*16)) resulting in a truncated protein. The variant is absent in the population frequency databases (Exome Aggregation Consortium &#8211; ExAC and The Genome Aggregation Database - GnomAD),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> it has never been described in the medical literature and has never been observed in the ClinVar database.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Filamin-C is a protein expressed mainly in cardiac and skeletal muscle, being encoded by the <italic>FLNC</italic> gene. The protein is responsible for the crosslinking of actin filaments in orthogonal networks in the cortical cytoplasm of cells and participates in the anchoring of membrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Due to these functions and its expression predominantly in the cardiac muscle, the <italic>FLNC</italic> gene has been related to dilated or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> According to the metrics available in the GnomAD database, the <italic>FLNC</italic> gene does not tolerate loss-of-function alterations. Furthermore, frameshift mutations have been related to arrhythmogenic/dilated cardiomyopathy diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> According to the criteria of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics &#8211; ACMG,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> this found variant is classified as likely pathogenic.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Analyzed Genetic Panel</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="none">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">ABCC9; ACTC1; ACTN2; ANK2; BAG3; BRAF; CALR3; CAV3; CBL; CRYAB; CSRP3; DES; DSC2; DSG2; DSP; DTNA; EMD; EYA4; FHL1; FKTN; FLNC; GAA; GLA; HRAS; JPH2; JUP; KRAS; LAMP2; LDB3; LMNA; MAP2K1; MAP2K2; MYBPC3; MYH6; MYH7; MYL2; MYL3; MYLK2; MYOT; MYOZ2; NEBL; NEXN; NRAS; PKP2; PLN; PRKAG2; PSEN1; PSEN2; PTPN11; RAF1; RBM20; RPSA; RYR2; SCN5A; SGCD; SHOC2; SLC25A4; SOS1; SPRED1; SYNE1; SYNE2; TAZ; TCAP; TGFB3; TMEM43; TMPO; TNNC1; TNNI3; TNNT2; TPM1; TRIM63; TTN; TTR; VCL.</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>The patient showed clinical improvement with the treatment and was discharged with furosemide, sacubitril-valsartan and carvedilol. Genetic counseling was recommended to the family, since first-degree relatives of individuals with heterozygous pathogenic variants of the <italic>FLNC</italic> gene have a 50% probability of being carriers of the same variant. Despite the risk of major ventricular arrhythmias, in this specific case, the patient chose not to receive an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) at first. Regarding this aspect of sudden cardiac death prevention, we recall that the DANISH<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> study showed no benefits in terms of mortality reduction in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction of nonischemic etiology. However, it is important to emphasize that, according to the guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, patients with heart failure of non-ischemic etiology, with an ejection fraction &#8804; 35% may have an indication for an ICD, including for primary prophylaxis (Class IIa).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> In addition, the Heart Rhythm Journal guidelines from 2019<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> mention that in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy linked to a mutation in the <italic>FLNC</italic> gene and ejection fraction &lt; 45 %, the ICD implantation is a therapy to be considered (Class IIa/C). This would be a more specific recommendation, as it takes into account the genetic characteristic of the patient's pathology. We feel that the decision as to whether or not implant an ICD should take the literary evidence into account, but that it should also be individualized, always in compliance with the patient's wishes and their quality of life and life expectancy.</p>
        <p>In view of this report, we consider the importance of establishing the etiology for cases of presumed idiopathic heart failure, including genetic research, as there is the possibility that a causal factor for a patient's disease may be found, a patient who often may be deprived of a more specific diagnosis. Evidently, there are certain difficulties in offering genetic screening, such as the low availability of the test in many places, high price and the lack of dissemination of genetic knowledge among general cardiologists. It should be noted that genetics is a field still undergoing great development, in which certainly many mutations and pathogenic variants still need to be catalogued, allowing much more precise advice to be provided to patients and their families, once the origin of the pathology in question has been determined.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <p>
            <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
