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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">55wC7KjgHS5kVLh9kZ8Xm6D</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001401189</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210902</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210902</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Podemos Pr&#233;-Tratar Enxertos de Veia com Adiponectina para Melhorar sua Permeabilidade?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5738-2623</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Izar</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Cristina de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9911-4598</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco A. H.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Se&#231;&#227;o de L&#237;pides, Aterosclerose e Biologia Vascular, Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Santana de Parnaiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Cardiologia, Santana de Parnaiba, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Maria Cristina de Oliveira Izar</bold> &#8226; Rua Loefgren, 1350. CEP <postal-code>04040-001</postal-code>, Vila Clementino, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. Email: <email>mcoizar@terra.com.br</email>; <email>mcoizar@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1189</fpage>
      <lpage>1190</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Veia Safena/transplante</kwd>
        <kwd>Adiponectina/uso terap&#234;utico</kwd>
        <kwd>Permeabilidade Capilar</kwd>
        <kwd>Ratos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O enxerto de veia safena continua sendo uma op&#231;&#227;o para pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana multiarterial,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> principalmente em indiv&#237;duos com diabetes tipo 2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Embora a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio deva oferecer melhores taxas de permeabilidade do que os enxertos venosos, em muitas situa&#231;&#245;es, a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa n&#227;o pode ser alcan&#231;ada usando apenas enxertos arteriais. A falha do enxerto venoso foi associada a desfechos cardiovasculares, incluindo mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Portanto, h&#225; uma necessidade de melhorar a permeabilidade do enxerto de veia. Os mecanismos envolvidos na falha do enxerto incluem hiperplasia intimal, prolifera&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas musculares lisas e disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial, entre outros.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Tem havido algumas tentativas de melhorar a preserva&#231;&#227;o dos enxertos de veia safena antes da implanta&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No estudo experimental de Zhou et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> os autores utilizaram veias jugulares aut&#243;logas implantadas como enxertos de interposi&#231;&#227;o carot&#237;dea em ratos Sprague Dawley. Dois grupos receberam adiponectina (2,5 <italic>&#956;</italic>g e 7,5 <italic>&#956;</italic>g) aplicada externamente &#224; ponte de safena, suspensa em gel de Pluronic-F127 30%. Os outros dois grupos (controles) receberam ve&#237;culo ou nenhum tratamento (apenas bypass).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> No dia 3, a prolifera&#231;&#227;o celular foi significativamente menor nos enxertos tratados com adiponectina versus controle e tratados com ve&#237;culo-gel, tanto na &#237;ntima quanto na advent&#237;cia, enquanto a express&#227;o de VCAM-1 e ICAM-1 foi significativamente regulada negativamente nos enxertos de veias tratadas com adiponectina na semana quatro. Al&#233;m disso, o tratamento de enxertos de veia com g&#233;is carregados de adiponectina reduziu a espessura da &#237;ntima, da m&#237;dia e da advent&#237;cia quando comparado com o controle e enxertos de veias tratadas com gel de ve&#237;culo no dia 28.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A adiponectina, uma adipocina secretada pelos adip&#243;citos, &#233; um conhecido fator homeost&#225;tico que regula os n&#237;veis de glicose, o metabolismo lip&#237;dico e a sensibilidade &#224; insulina por meio de seus efeitos antiinflamat&#243;rios, antifibr&#243;ticos e antioxidantes. Esses efeitos s&#227;o mediados por sua intera&#231;&#227;o com dois receptores: AdipoR1 e AdipoR2. Descritos inicialmente como sendo expressos no m&#250;sculo esquel&#233;tico e no f&#237;gado,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> respectivamente, eles foram identificados no mioc&#225;rdio, macr&#243;fagos, c&#233;rebro, c&#233;lulas endoteliais, linf&#243;citos, tecido adiposo e c&#233;lulas beta pancre&#225;ticas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> A adiponectina &#233; um dos horm&#244;nios com as mais elevadas concentra&#231;&#245;es plasm&#225;ticas e a via da adiponectina pode desempenhar um papel crucial nos mecanismos de tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e outras doen&#231;as afetadas pela resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina, como c&#226;nceres ou doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Um estudo de Marino et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> mostrou que a adiponectina foi associada com fibro ateroma de capa fina em angina est&#225;vel, visto por histologia virtual.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Recentemente, Chu et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> e Gatto et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> demonstraram que a atorvastatina pode inibir a hiperplasia intimal no modelo de enxerto de veia de rato pela inibi&#231;&#227;o da via p38 MAPK. Os resultados de Zhou et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> ampliam as possibilidades de tratamento de enxertos venosos, utilizando a via da adiponectina como alvo terap&#234;utico para melhorar sua perviedade. No entanto, os mecanismos precisos precisam ser elucidados, e mais estudos de longo prazo em humanos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para confirmar se eles se traduzem em maior permeabilidade do enxerto venoso e, consequentemente, melhores resultados.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: A Adiponectina Previne a Reestenose pela Inibi&#231;&#227;o da Prolifera&#231;&#227;o Celular em um Modelo de Enxerto Venoso em Ratos</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Can We Pretreat Vein Grafts with Adiponectin to Improve Their Patency?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5738-2623</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Izar</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Cristina de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9911-4598</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco A. H.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Se&#231;&#227;o de L&#237;pides, Aterosclerose e Biologia Vascular, Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Santana de Parnaiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Cardiologia, Santana de Parnaiba, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Maria Cristina de Oliveira Izar</bold> &#8226; Rua Loefgren, 1350. Postal Code <postal-code>04040-001</postal-code>, Vila Clementino, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. Email: <email>mcoizar@terra.com.br</email>; <email>mcoizar@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Saphenous Vein</kwd>
        <kwd>Adiponectin/therapeutic use</kwd>
        <kwd>Capillary Permeability</kwd>
        <kwd>Rats</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Saphenous vein graft remains an option for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> mainly in individuals with type 2 diabetes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Although artery bypass should offer better patency rates than venous grafts, in many situations, complete revascularization cannot be achieved using solely arterial grafts. Venous graft failure has been associated with cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Therefore, there is a need to improve vein graft patency. The mechanisms involved in graft failure include intimal hyperplasia, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and endothelial dysfunction, among others.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> There have been some attempts to improve the preservation of saphenous vein grafts before implantation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the experimental study by Zhou et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> the authors used autologous jugular veins implanted as carotid interposition grafts in Sprague Dawley rats. Two groups received adiponectin (2.5 &#956;g and 7.5 &#956;g) applied externally to the vein bypass grafts, suspended in a 30% Pluronic-F127 gel. The other two groups (controls) received vehicle or no treatment (bypass only).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> At day 3, cell proliferation was significantly lower in adiponectin-treated versus control and vehicle-gel-treated grafts, both in intima and adventitia, whereas expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was significantly down-regulated in the adiponectin-treated vein grafts in week four. In addition, the treatment of vein grafts with adiponectin-loaded gels reduced intimal, media, and adventitia thickness when compared with the control and vehicle-gel-treated vein grafts at day 28.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Adiponectin, an adipokine secreted by adipocytes, is a well-known homeostatic factor that regulates glucose levels, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity through its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and antioxidant effects. These effects are mediated by its interaction with two receptors: AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Initially described as being expressed in skeletal muscle and the liver,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> respectively, they were identified in the myocardium, macrophages, brain, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, adipose tissue, and pancreatic beta-cells.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Adiponectin is one of the hormones with the highest plasma concentrations, and the adiponectin pathway can play a crucial role in the mechanisms to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and other diseases affected by insulin resistance like cancers or cardiovascular diseases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> A study by Marino et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> showed that adiponectin was associated with thin-cap fibro atheroma in stable angina, seen by virtual histology.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Recently, Chu et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> and Gatto et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> demonstrated that atorvastatin could inhibit intimal hyperplasia in the rat vein graft model by inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway. The results by Zhou et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> expand the possibilities of treating vein grafts, using the adiponectin pathway as a therapeutic target to improve its patency. However, the precise mechanisms need elucidation, and further long-term studies in humans are necessary to confirm if they translate into longer vein graft patency, and consequently, better outcomes.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Adiponectin Prevents Restenosis Through Inhibiting Cell Proliferation in a Rat Vein Graft Model</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
