<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">tvY7by9NXCgStFM34yVBYrj</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001401145</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210908</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210908</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pr&#233;-Condicionamento na Les&#227;o por Isquemia-Reperfus&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3115-0795</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gatto</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8103-3338</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mota</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Augusto Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1865-0207</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pagan</surname>
            <given-names>Luana Urbano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5613-1585</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Janini</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7728-4505</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Okoshi</surname>
            <given-names>Marina Politi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual Paulista</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Harvard Medical School</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Brigham and Women's Hospital</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Boston</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="US">EUA</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA &#8211; EUA</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Mariana Gatto &#8226;</bold> Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho Campus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina - Rua Prof. Armando Alves, s/n. CEP <postal-code>18618-687</postal-code>, Rubi&#227;o Junior, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>mariana.gatto@unesp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1145</fpage>
      <lpage>1146</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Condicionamento F&#237;sico Animal</kwd>
        <kwd>Tratamento Farmacol&#243;gico</kwd>
        <kwd>Reperfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Apoptose</kwd>
        <kwd>Ratos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica &#233; caracterizada pela diminui&#231;&#227;o do fluxo sangu&#237;neo mioc&#225;rdico, que reduz a rela&#231;&#227;o entre oferta e demanda de oxig&#234;nio. A condi&#231;&#227;o atrai a aten&#231;&#227;o da comunidade cient&#237;fica devido a sua grande incid&#234;ncia, elevada morbidade e mortalidade, e alto custo terap&#234;utico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O tratamento envolve, primariamente, a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Paradoxalmente, a reperfus&#227;o e restabelecimento do fluxo sangu&#237;neo podem causar dano adicional, chamado de inj&#250;ria mioc&#225;rdica da isquemia-reperfus&#227;o (IR).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Muitos mecanismos est&#227;o implicados na inj&#250;ria da IR como, por exemplo, altera&#231;&#245;es na homeostase i&#244;nica, desajuste no tr&#226;nsito intracelular de c&#225;lcio, disfun&#231;&#227;o metab&#243;lica e mitocondrial, e aumento da inflama&#231;&#227;o e da produ&#231;&#227;o de esp&#233;cies reativas do oxig&#234;nio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Esses fatores podem contribuir para o aumento da &#225;rea de necrose mioc&#225;rdica, do desenvolvimento de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca p&#243;s-isquemia, e do risco de morte.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em meados da d&#233;cada de 80, foi descrito o pr&#233;-condicionamento isqu&#234;mico, que consiste na aplica&#231;&#227;o de curtos per&#237;odos de isquemia coron&#225;ria alternados com reperfus&#227;o; quando antecede per&#237;odo isqu&#234;mico maior, o pr&#233;-condicionamento isqu&#234;mico reduz o tamanho do infarto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> O efeito ben&#233;fico do pr&#233;-condicionamento isqu&#234;mico foi demonstrado em pacientes acometidos por angina; quando os mesmos evolu&#237;ram para infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, apresentaram menor tamanho da &#225;rea infartada e melhor evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica que pacientes assintom&#225;ticos antes do infarto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Adicionalmente, o pr&#233;-condicionamento de ratos com estresse f&#237;sico agudo anteriormente ao per&#237;odo de isquemia e reperfus&#227;o reduziu o tamanho do infarto e melhorou os par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Atualmente, m&#233;todos de isquemia-reperfus&#227;o t&#234;m sido utilizados experimentalmente para avaliar se diferentes terapias farmacol&#243;gicas e n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas s&#227;o efetivas em proteger o cora&#231;&#227;o de eventos isqu&#234;micos e da reperfus&#227;o. Entretanto, investiga&#231;&#245;es conduzidas com f&#225;rmacos como atorvastatina, anti-inflamat&#243;rios, ou antioxidantes n&#227;o resultaram em cardioprote&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s isquemia mioc&#225;rdica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> O ensaio cl&#237;nico multic&#234;ntrico CIRCUS avaliou os efeitos da administra&#231;&#227;o de ciclosporina A antes de interven&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea para revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio. Embora tenha ocorrido redu&#231;&#227;o da &#225;rea infartada, n&#227;o houve melhora cl&#237;nica a longo prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Atualmente, n&#227;o existem f&#225;rmacos espec&#237;ficos para prevenir ou atenuar a les&#227;o da IR.</p>
    <p>A dexmedetomidina (DEX) &#233; um agonista do receptor &#945;2-adren&#233;rgico utilizado na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica para induzir, principalmente, analgesia e seda&#231;&#227;o. Em estudo experimental, o pr&#233;-condicionamento com DEX melhorou a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda de ratos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Entretanto, os mecanismos moleculares relacionados com a cardioprote&#231;&#227;o induzida pela DEX ainda n&#227;o est&#227;o completamente esclarecidos. Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, lemos com grande interesse o estudo de Chen et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> que avaliaram os efeitos protetores da administra&#231;&#227;o de DEX previamente &#224; isquemia-reperfus&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio de ratos. O tratamento com DEX melhorou vari&#225;veis hemodin&#226;micas e de fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e atenuou a &#225;rea infartada em compara&#231;&#227;o aos animais n&#227;o tratados. A melhora card&#237;aca foi relacionada com redu&#231;&#227;o de apoptose mioc&#225;rdica, constatada por an&#225;lises morfol&#243;gicas e pela inibi&#231;&#227;o da express&#227;o de prote&#237;nas da via apopt&#243;tica PERK/eIF2&#945;/TCF-4/CHOP. Os autores tamb&#233;m observaram redu&#231;&#227;o da express&#227;o da prote&#237;na GRP78, importante marcadora de estresse do ret&#237;culo endoplasm&#225;tico.</p>
    <p>Os resultados s&#227;o instigantes e mostram a necessidade de estudos adicionais para melhor esclarecer os efeitos moleculares da dexmedetomidina na cardioprote&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica induzida por isquemia seguida de reperfus&#227;o.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: O Pr&#233;-Condicionamento com Dexmedetomidina Reduz a Les&#227;o de Isquemia-Reperfus&#227;o do Mioc&#225;rdio em Ratos, Inibindo a Via PERK</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Jensen</surname>
              <given-names>RV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hjortbak</surname>
              <given-names>MV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>B&#248;tker</surname>
              <given-names>HE</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Ischemic Heart Disease: An Update</article-title>
          <source>Semin Nucl Med</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <month>05</month>
          <volume>50</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>195</fpage>
          <lpage>207</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1 Jensen RV, Hjortbak MV, B&#248;tker HE. Ischemic Heart Disease: An Update. Semin Nucl Med. 2020 May;50(3):195&#8211;207.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Hausenloy</surname>
              <given-names>DJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yellon</surname>
              <given-names>DM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Ischaemic conditioning and reperfusion injury</article-title>
          <source>Nat Rev Cardiol</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <month>04</month>
          <volume>13</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>193</fpage>
          <lpage>209</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. Ischaemic conditioning and reperfusion injury. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016 Apr;13(4):193&#8211;209.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sprick</surname>
              <given-names>JD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mallet</surname>
              <given-names>RT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Przyklenk</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rickards</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Ischaemic and hypoxic conditioning: potential for protection of vital organs</article-title>
          <source>Exp Physiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>104</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>278</fpage>
          <lpage>294</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 Sprick JD, Mallet RT, Przyklenk K, Rickards CA. Ischaemic and hypoxic conditioning: potential for protection of vital organs. Exp Physiol. 2019;104(3):278&#8211;94.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Xu</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hu</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chen</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yue</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhou</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Lycopene Protects against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Alleviating ER Stress Induced Apoptosis in Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes</article-title>
          <source>PLoS One</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>10</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <elocation-id>e0136443</elocation-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4 Xu J, Hu H, Chen B, Yue R, Zhou Z, Liu Y, et al. Lycopene Protects against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Alleviating ER Stress Induced Apoptosis in Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0136443.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Murry</surname>
              <given-names>CE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jennings</surname>
              <given-names>RB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Reimer</surname>
              <given-names>KA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>1986</year>
          <month>11</month>
          <volume>74</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>1124</fpage>
          <lpage>1136</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5 Murry CE, Jennings RB, Reimer KA. Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation. 1986 Nov;74(5):1124&#8211;36.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Przyklenk</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bauer</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ovize</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kloner</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Whittaker</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Regional ischemic &#8220;preconditioning&#8221; protects remote virgin myocardium from subsequent sustained coronary occlusion</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>1993</year>
          <month>03</month>
          <volume>87</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>893</fpage>
          <lpage>899</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6 Przyklenk K, Bauer B, Ovize M, Kloner RA, Whittaker P. Regional ischemic &#8220;preconditioning&#8221; protects remote virgin myocardium from subsequent sustained coronary occlusion. Circulation. 1993 Mar;87(3):893&#8211;9.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Muller</surname>
              <given-names>DW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Topol</surname>
              <given-names>EJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Califf</surname>
              <given-names>RM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sigmon</surname>
              <given-names>KN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gorman</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>George</surname>
              <given-names>BS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Relationship between antecedent angina pectoris and short-term prognosis after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (TAMI) Study Group</article-title>
          <source>Am Heart J</source>
          <year>1990</year>
          <month>02</month>
          <volume>119</volume>
          <issue>2 Pt 1</issue>
          <fpage>224</fpage>
          <lpage>231</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7 Muller DW, Topol EJ, Califf RM, Sigmon KN, Gorman L, George BS, et al. Relationship between antecedent angina pectoris and short-term prognosis after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (TAMI) Study Group. Am Heart J. 1990 Feb;119(2 Pt 1):224&#8211;31.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Eitel</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Thiele</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardioprotection by pre-infarct angina: training the heart to enhance myocardial salvage</article-title>
          <source>Eur Hear journal Cardiovasc Imaging</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <month>11</month>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>1115</fpage>
          <lpage>1116</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Eitel I, Thiele H. Cardioprotection by pre-infarct angina: training the heart to enhance myocardial salvage. Eur Hear journal Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 Nov;14(11):1115&#8211;6.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Imani</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Parsa</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chookalaei</surname>
              <given-names>LG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rakhshan</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Golnazari</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Faghihi</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Acute Physical Stress Preconditions the Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Activation of Sympathetic Nervous System</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>113</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>401</fpage>
          <lpage>408</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9 Imani A, Parsa H, Chookalaei LG, Rakhshan K, Golnazari M, Faghihi M. Acute Physical Stress Preconditions the Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Activation of Sympathetic Nervous System. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019;113(3):401&#8211;8.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Hausenloy</surname>
              <given-names>DJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Erik B&#248;tker</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Condorelli</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ferdinandy</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garcia-Dorado</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Heusch</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Translating cardioprotection for patient benefit: position paper from the Working Group of Cellular Biology of the Heart of the European Society of Cardiology</article-title>
          <source>Cardiovasc Res</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <month>04</month>
          <day>01</day>
          <volume>98</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>7</fpage>
          <lpage>27</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10 Hausenloy DJ, Erik B&#248;tker H, Condorelli G, Ferdinandy P, Garcia-Dorado D, Heusch G, et al. Translating cardioprotection for patient benefit: position paper from the Working Group of Cellular Biology of the Heart of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res. 2013 Apr 1;98(1):7&#8211;27.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cung</surname>
              <given-names>T-T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Morel</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cayla</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rioufol</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garcia-Dorado</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Angoulvant</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cyclosporine before PCI in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <month>09</month>
          <day>10</day>
          <volume>373</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>1021</fpage>
          <lpage>1031</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>11 Cung T-T, Morel O, Cayla G, Rioufol G, Garcia-Dorado D, Angoulvant D, et al. Cyclosporine before PCI in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2015 Sep 10;373(11):1021&#8211;31.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Dong</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guo</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yang</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Li</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The effects of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on aged rat heart of ischaemia reperfusion injury</article-title>
          <source>Res Vet Sci</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <month>10</month>
          <volume>114</volume>
          <fpage>489</fpage>
          <lpage>492</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>12 Dong J, Guo X, Yang S, Li L. The effects of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on aged rat heart of ischaemia reperfusion injury. Res Vet Sci. 2017 Oct;114:489&#8211;92.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chen</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cao</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chen</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yin</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Xu</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yang</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting the PERK Pathway</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>1134</fpage>
          <lpage>1144</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>13 Chen Y, Cao S, Chen H, Yin C, Xu X, Yang Z. Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting the PERK Pathway. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 117(6):1134-1144.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Preconditioning in Ischemia-Reperfusion Lesion</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3115-0795</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gatto</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8103-3338</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mota</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Augusto Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1865-0207</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pagan</surname>
            <given-names>Luana Urbano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5613-1585</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Janini</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7728-4505</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Okoshi</surname>
            <given-names>Marina Politi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Boston</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="US">USA</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA &#8211; USA</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Mariana Gatto &#8226;</bold> Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho Campus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina - Rua Prof. Armando Alves, s/n. Postal Code <postal-code>18618-687</postal-code>, Rubi&#227;o Junior, Botucatu, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>mariana.gatto@unesp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Physical Conditioning</kwd>
        <kwd>Drug Therapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Animal</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Reperfusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Apoptosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Rats</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Ischemic heart disease is characterized by a decrease in myocardial blood flow, which reduces the relationship between oxygen supply and demand. The condition has attracted the attention of the scientific community due to its high incidence, elevated morbidity and mortality, and high therapeutic cost.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The treatment primarily relies on myocardial revascularization. Paradoxically, reperfusion and restoration of blood flow can cause additional damage, called myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Several mechanisms are involved in the IR injury, such as ionic homeostasis change, intracellular calcium transient alteration, metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species increase.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> These factors may contribute to an increase in the myocardial necrosis size, post-ischemia heart failure, and death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>First identified in the mid-1980s, ischemic preconditioning is a process whereby repeated application of short periods of ischemia alternating with reperfusion protect the myocardium from longer ischemic insults, therefore reducing the infarction size.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> The beneficial effect of ischemic preconditioning was shown in angina patients; when evolving to myocardial infarction, they had a smaller infarcted area and a better clinical prognosis than previously asymptomatic patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Additionally, preconditioning of rats with acute physical stress prior to the IR insult reduced infarct size and improved hemodynamic parameters.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Currently, methods to induce ischemia-reperfusion have been used experimentally to assess whether different pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are effective in protecting the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, investigations to evaluate potential drugs, such as atorvastatin, anti-inflammatory medicines, or antioxidants did not result in cardioprotection after myocardial ischemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The CIRCUS multicenter clinical trial evaluated the effects of cyclosporine A administration before revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction patients. Despite a reduction in the infarcted area, there was no long-term clinical improvement.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Currently, there are no specific drugs to prevent or attenuate IR injury.</p>
      <p>Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an &#945;2-adrenergic receptor agonist used in clinical practice mainly to induce analgesia and sedation. Preconditioning with DEX improved left ventricular function in rats.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> However, molecular mechanisms related to DEX-induced cardioprotection are still not fully understood. In this edition of ABC, we read with great interest the study by Chen et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> evaluating the protective effects of DEX administration prior to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats. DEX treatment improved hemodynamic and cardiac function variables and attenuated the infarcted area compared to the untreated animals. Cardiac improvement was combined with reduced myocardial apoptosis, assessed by morphological analysis, and inhibited expression of proteins of the apoptotic pathway PERK/eIF2&#945;/TCF-4/CHOP. The authors also observed a decrease in the expression of the GRP78 protein, an important marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress.</p>
      <p>The results are exciting and show the need for additional studies to better clarify the molecular effects of dexmedetomidine on cardioprotection after myocardial injury induced by ischemia followed by reperfusion.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting the PERK Pathway</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
