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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">b9pyRc4DQbbHNPTHfRqCDkP</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001300976</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210803</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210803</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>S&#237;ndrome Respirat&#243;ria Aguda Grave (SRAG) Causada por COVID-19: Um Fator Regional</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2508-1364</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Baggio</surname>
            <given-names>Jussara A. Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Exel</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Calles</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Carolina do Nascimento</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0916-2546</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Minatel</surname>
            <given-names>Vinicius</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Alagoas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Arapiraca</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AL</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Arapiraca, AL - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universit&#225;rio Tiradentes</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Macei&#243;</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AL</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio Tiradentes, Macei&#243;, AL - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Jussara A. Oliveira Baggio</bold> &#8226; Avenida Manoel Severino Barbosa, s/n. CEP <postal-code>57309-005</postal-code>, Bairro Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL - Brasil. E-mail: <email>jussarabaggio@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>22</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>976</fpage>
      <lpage>977</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Respirat&#243;ria Aguda Grave</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A doen&#231;a causada pelo coronav&#237;rus SARS-CoV-2, identificada na China no final de 2019 e denominada COVID-19 (do ingl&#234;s <italic>coronavirus disease</italic>), foi declarada como uma pandemia pela Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS) em mar&#231;o de 2020, acumulando mais de 20 milh&#245;es de casos confirmados no Brasil, e mais de 583 mil mortes causadas por complica&#231;&#245;es da doen&#231;a, at&#233; o final da semana epidemiol&#243;gica 35, em 04 de setembro de 2021.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;33</sup> Segundo a OMS, o Brasil &#233; o terceiro pa&#237;s com mais casos confirmados da SARS-CoV-2, ficando atr&#225;s somente dos Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica e &#205;ndia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> a qual &#233; tamb&#233;m considerada um pa&#237;s emergente e com problemas socioecon&#244;micos semelhantes aos enfrentados pela popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira.</p>
    <p>Os sintomas da infec&#231;&#227;o pelo SARS-CoV-2 podem variar desde uma S&#237;ndrome Gripal (SG), com sinais e sintomas leves como febre, tosse, congest&#227;o nasal e fadiga, at&#233; uma S&#237;ndrome Respirat&#243;ria Aguda Grave (SRAG), com sintomas como dispneia, satura&#231;&#227;o de O2 &#8804; 93%, frequ&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria &#8805; 30 respira&#231;&#245;es por minuto, press&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio (PaO2) /fra&#231;&#227;o inspirada de oxig&#234;nio (FIO2) &lt; 300, linfopenia e edema alveolar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> No Brasil, foram notificados cerca de 1 775 816 casos de SRAG por COVID-19, sendo que 32,2% dos casos evolu&#237;ram para &#243;bito.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Entre os 342.636 &#243;bitos de SRAG por COVID-19 notificados em 2021 at&#233; a semana epidemiol&#243;gica 36, 59,5% apresentavam pelo menos uma comorbidade, sendo as doen&#231;as card&#237;acas, doen&#231;as cerebrovasculares, hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica e diabetes <italic>mellitus</italic> (DM), as mais frequentes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Diante da alta preval&#234;ncia das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCVs), principalmente entre os idosos e sua associa&#231;&#227;o com o desenvolvimento de quadros graves da doen&#231;a, Paiva et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> tiveram como objetivo descrever a preval&#234;ncia de SRAG por COVID-19 e analisar os fatores associados a essa condi&#231;&#227;o em adultos e idosos com DCV cr&#244;nica no Brasil at&#233; a 30<sup>a</sup> semana epidemiol&#243;gica de 2020. Os autores utilizaram dados fornecidos pelo Sistema de Informa&#231;&#227;o de Vigil&#226;ncia Epidemiol&#243;gica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) e inclu&#237;ram pessoas acima de 18 anos com DCVs hospitalizados com SRAG. Neste estudo, foram inclu&#237;dos 116 343 pacientes, sendo que 61,9% foram diagnosticados com SRAG por COVID-19. Os autores encontraram caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas, sinais e sintomas semelhantes aos descritos na literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Os fatores associados a SRAG por COVID-19 foram febre, tosse, interna&#231;&#227;o em unidade de terapia intensiva, uso de suporte ventilat&#243;rio invasivo e n&#227;o invasivo, e infec&#231;&#227;o nosocomial. Os resultados do estudo apontam maior preval&#234;ncia de SRAG na faixa et&#225;ria acima de 60 anos e na regi&#227;o Sudeste do Brasil.</p>
    <p>Os resultados de Paiva et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> refletem o que j&#225; foi apontado em estudos anteriores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Destaca-se como principal contribui&#231;&#227;o, os dados de preval&#234;ncia de SRAG por COVID-19 analisada por cada vari&#225;vel. Observou-se que a maior parte dos casos de SRAG no Nordeste e no Norte foram ocasionados pela COVID-19, um padr&#227;o diferente do Sul do pa&#237;s, onde somente 39,9% dos casos foram ocasionados pela COVID-19. Esses resultados demonstram que a preval&#234;ncia de SRAG por COVID-19 tem um fator regional, refletindo a diferen&#231;a de acesso ao sistema de sa&#250;de e a desigualdade social entre as regi&#245;es do Brasil. Um estudo publicado por Baggio et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> em Alagoas, mostrou alta taxa de incid&#234;ncia de COVID-19 nos munic&#237;pios com os melhores &#237;ndices de desenvolvimento humano, assim como, nos munic&#237;pios com alta vulnerabilidade social. Entretanto, as maiores taxas de mortalidade foram observadas nos munic&#237;pios mais pobres. No norte do pa&#237;s, foram observadas as maiores preval&#234;ncias de comorbidades em pessoas internadas pela COVID-19, o que explica parcialmente o maior risco de morte nessa regi&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Somado a isso, precisamos levar em considera&#231;&#227;o o perfil de morbidade, a infraestrutura de sa&#250;de (n&#250;mero de leitos, profissionais capacitados), o acesso aos testes de diagn&#243;stico e o tratamento em UTI com processos qualificados e seguros ao paciente.</p>
    <p>A fim de aprimorar a an&#225;lise realizada pelos autores seria interessante a inclus&#227;o dos dados sobre a presen&#231;a de outras comorbidades, al&#233;m das DCVs, como n&#237;vel de atividade f&#237;sica pr&#233;via e acompanhamento m&#233;dico para as DCVs. Al&#233;m disso, a inclus&#227;o de outras comorbidades e o n&#237;vel de atividade f&#237;sica na an&#225;lise multivariada, permitiria estabelecer a curva de sobreviv&#234;ncia e mortalidade associado &#224;s outras comorbidades, como DM, obesidade, sedentarismo entre outros, as quais s&#227;o comuns nessa popula&#231;&#227;o e possuem um papel importante no desenvolvimento de quadros graves da COVID-19.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Preval&#234;ncia e Fatores Associados &#224; SRAG por COVID-19 em Adultos e Idosos com Doen&#231;a Cardiovascular Cr&#244;nica</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Caused by COVID-19: A Regional Factor</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2508-1364</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Baggio</surname>
            <given-names>Jussara A. Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Exel</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Calles</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Carolina do Nascimento</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0916-2546</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Minatel</surname>
            <given-names>Vinicius</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Arapiraca</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AL</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Arapiraca, AL - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Macei&#243;</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AL</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio Tiradentes, Macei&#243;, AL - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Jussara A. Oliveira Baggio</bold> &#8226; Avenida Manoel Severino Barbosa, s/n. Postal Code <postal-code>57309-005</postal-code>, Bairro Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL - Brazil. E-mail: <email>jussarabaggio@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-19), a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2, was identified in China at the end of 2019 and announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, with more than 20 million cases confirmed in Brazil, and more than 583 thousand deaths from complications of the disease, by the end of epidemiological week 35, on September 4, 2021.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> According to the WHO, Brazil is the third country in number of cases, with the USA on the top of the list, followed by India,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> which is also considered an emerging country with problems similar to those faced by the Brazilian population.</p>
      <p>Symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection may vary from a flu-like syndrome, with mild symptoms and signs like fever, cough, nasal congestion and fatigue, to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with symptoms including dyspnea, O<sub>2</sub> saturation &#8804; 93%, respiratory rate &#8805; 30 breaths per minute, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)&lt; 300, lymphopenia, and alveolar edema.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Nearly 1,775,816 cases of ARDS secondary to COVID-19 were recorded in Brazil and 32.2% of the cases progressed to death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Of the 342,636 deaths for ARDS due to COVID-19 recorded up to the epidemiological week 36 in 2021, 59.5% had at least one comorbidity, with heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) as the most common ones.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Considering the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially in the elderly, and its association with more severe cases of the disease, Paiva et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> aimed at describing the prevalence of ARDS due to COVID-19 and evaluating the factors associated with this condition in adults and elderly with chronic CVD in Brazil up to the 30th epidemiological week in 2020. The authors used data from the epidemiological surveillance system on influenza (<italic>Sistema de Informa&#231;&#227;o de Vigil&#226;ncia Epidemiol&#243;gica da Gripe</italic>, SIVEP-Gripe) and included individuals with CVDs, aged over 18 years old, hospitalized for ARDS. In their study, 116,343 patients were included, 61.9% of them received a diagnosis of ARDS due to COVID-19. The authors found clinical features, signs and symptoms that were similar to those described in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Factors associated with ARDS due to COVID-19 were fever, cough, intensive care unit admission, use of invasive and non-invasive ventilation, and nosocomial infection. The results indicated a higher prevalence of ARDS in individuals aged over 60 years from the southeast of Brazil.</p>
      <p>The results of Paiva et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> reflect what has already been pointed out in previous studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The main contribution of the study is the data on the prevalence of ARDS by COVID-19 analyzed by each variable. The authors found that most cases of ARDS in the north and northeast regions of Brazil were caused by COVID-19, which differed from the cases in the south of the country, where 39.9% of the cases were caused by COVID-19. These data indicate that the prevalence of COVID-19-related ARDS has a regional factor, and reflect the difference in the access to healthcare and social inequalities among the regions. A study published by Baggio et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> in Alagoas, showed a high incidence of COVID-19 in the cities with the highest human development indexes, as well as in those with high social vulnerability. However, the highest mortality rates were found in the poorest cities. The highest prevalence of comorbidities was observed in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, which explain in part the highest risk of death in this region.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Besides, one should consider the morbidity profile, healthcare infrastructure (number of beds, trained professionals), and access to diagnostic tests and intensive therapy with qualified and safe processes by the patients.</p>
      <p>The inclusion of data about the presence of other comorbidities, in addition to CVDs, like physical activity level and clinical follow-up for CVDs, would aid to improve the analysis conducted by the authors. Also, the inclusion of other comorbidities and physical activity level to the multivariate analysis would allow the establishment of survival and mortality curves associated to other comorbidities, including DM, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, among other common conditions that play an important role in the development of severe cases of COVID-19.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Prevalence and Associated Factors of SARS by Covid-19 in Adults and Aged People with Chronic Cardiovascular Disease</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
