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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">CBxj36rGYk6pzZnFHyQjZBb</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001300932</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210868</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210868</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Diagn&#243;stico Eletrocardiogr&#225;fico da Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2806-743X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cunha</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Leinig Pereira da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paran&#225; - Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paran&#225; - Cardiologia, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Claudio Leinig Pereira da Cunha</bold> &#8226; Rua Olavo Bilac, 181. CEP <postal-code>80440-040</postal-code>, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>cpcunha@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>22</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>932</fpage>
      <lpage>933</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o do Ventr&#237;culo Esquerdo</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda (HVE) &#233; definida como um aumento da massa do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE), que pode ser secund&#225;ria a um aumento da espessura das paredes (HVE conc&#234;ntrica), aumento do tamanho da cavidade (HVE exc&#234;ntrica) ou ambos. A apresenta&#231;&#227;o do VE hipertrofiado depende principalmente da doen&#231;a subjacente, sendo a HVE conc&#234;ntrica resultante na maioria dos casos da sobrecarga de press&#227;o no VE (hipertens&#227;o arterial ou estenose a&#243;rtica), enquanto a HVE exc&#234;ntrica depende principalmente das sobrecargas de volume no VE (insufici&#234;ncias mitral e a&#243;rtica) e cardiomiopatias dilatadas. Outras causas de HVE incluem os defeitos do septo ventricular, cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica e altera&#231;&#245;es fisiol&#243;gicas associadas ao treinamento atl&#233;tico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A presen&#231;a de HVE &#233; clinicamente importante por estar associada com aumento da incid&#234;ncia de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, arritmias ventriculares, insufici&#234;ncia vascular perif&#233;rica, dilata&#231;&#227;o da aorta, eventos cerebrovasculares e morte s&#250;bita ou ap&#243;s infarto do mioc&#225;rdio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A HVE pode ser diagnosticada pelo eletrocardiograma (ECG) ou pelo ecocardiograma, sendo este o procedimento de escolha por ter sensibilidade muito maior que o ECG.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> O ECG &#233; uma ferramenta &#250;til, mas imperfeita na detec&#231;&#227;o da HVE; sua utilidade se deve principalmente ao baixo custo e sua disponibilidade universal, sendo realizado rotineiramente nas avalia&#231;&#245;es cardiol&#243;gicas. O ecocardiograma tem um custo maior, mas n&#227;o exagerado, e tamb&#233;m tem estado amplamente dispon&#237;vel. Ainda, para avalia&#231;&#227;o da massa ventricular s&#227;o empregadas as t&#233;cnicas mais acess&#237;veis do m&#233;todo. Em poucas situa&#231;&#245;es a resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca pode ser necess&#225;ria, s&#243; quando as condi&#231;&#245;es t&#233;cnicas inviabilizem a avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O c&#225;lculo da massa ventricular esquerda pela ecocardiografia pode ser feito por diferentes t&#233;cnicas &#8211; unidimensional, bidimensional ou tridimensional, mas sempre com o objetivo de quantificar o mioc&#225;rdio daquela c&#226;mara, baseado em fundamentos comuns e, portanto, com resultados semelhantes. Os padr&#245;es de normalidade s&#227;o preconizados pelas associa&#231;&#245;es internacionais de ecocardiografia (ASE, EACI)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> e endossados pela maioria dos autores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Desta forma se observa na ecocardiografia uma uniformidade dos resultados da HVE, baseados em poucos par&#226;metros estudados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na eletrocardiografia a situa&#231;&#227;o &#233; oposta. J&#225; em 1969, Romhilt et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> descreviam 33 crit&#233;rios eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos para o diagn&#243;stico de HVE, e todos se mostravam com baixa sensibilidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> No correr dos anos, alguns crit&#233;rios se solidificaram como os mais empregados na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica para o diagn&#243;stico da HVE no ECG, mas ainda n&#227;o h&#225; consenso nesta sele&#231;&#227;o. Em artigo recente, Wang et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> estudaram o desempenho de sete crit&#233;rios do ECG em pacientes chineses com HVE no ecocardiograma. Encontraram uma sensibilidade de 15%-31,9% e especificidade de 91,6%-99,2% na amostra global, com melhor sensibilidade na HVE conc&#234;ntrica. Os melhores descritores de HVE nesta pesquisa<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> foram os crit&#233;rios de Sokolow-Lyon voltagem, Cornell voltagem, Cornell produto e R aVL voltagem.</p>
    <p>Povoa et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> em publica&#231;&#227;o nesta revista, estudaram 13 crit&#233;rios eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos de HVE em 2458 pacientes hipertensos submetidos a ecocardiograma, classificados pela faixa et&#225;ria e submetidos a rigorosa an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica. Entre os pacientes com idade &#8805; 80 anos tiveram melhor desempenho os crit&#233;rios de Perugia (sensibilidade 44,7%, especificidade 89,3% e DOR - <italic>diagnostic odds ratio:</italic> 6,8) e (Rmax + Smax) x dura&#231;&#227;o (sensibilidade 39,4%, especificidade 91,3%, DOR 6,8). Nos pacientes com idade &lt; 80 anos, al&#233;m destes &#237;ndices citados, o crit&#233;rio de Narita, descrito em 2019,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> tamb&#233;m teve um bom desempenho. Nesta pesquisa, tradicionais &#237;ndices tiveram sensibilidade diagn&#243;stica inferior: Sokolow-Lyon voltagem &gt; 35 mm com 12%-15,7% nas diferentes faixas et&#225;rias e Cornell voltagem com 17,3%-21% de sensibilidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Entendemos, em conclus&#227;o, que o eletrocardiograma continua sendo importante ferramenta na pr&#225;tica cardiol&#243;gica di&#225;ria, bastante valioso quando indica HVE, mas com sensibilidade diagn&#243;stica ainda modesta, apesar das novas pesquisas nesta &#225;rea.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Desempenho do Eletrocardiograma no Diagn&#243;stico da Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda em Hipertensos Idosos e Muito Idosos</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <fpage>679</fpage>
          <lpage>687</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10 Narita M, Yamada M, Tsuchima M,Kudo N, Kato T, Yokono Y Novel electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the Japanese general population. Int Heart J. 2019; 60(3):679-87.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2806-743X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cunha</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Leinig Pereira da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paran&#225; - Cardiologia, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Claudio Leinig Pereira da Cunha</bold> &#8226; Rua Olavo Bilac, 181. Postal Code <postal-code>80440-040</postal-code>, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>cpcunha@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hypertrophy, Left Ventriculat</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic Imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Dysfunction, Left</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) is defined as an increase in left ventricular (LV) mass, which may be secondary to an increase in wall thickness (concentric LVH), increased cavity size (eccentric LVH), or both. The presentation of hypertrophied LV depends mainly on the underlying disease, with concentric LVH resulting in most cases from LV pressure overload (hypertension or aortic stenosis), while eccentric LVH mainly depends on LV volume overloads (mitral and aortic insufficiency) and dilated cardiomyopathies. Other causes of LVH include ventricular septal defects, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and physiological changes associated with athletic training.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The presence of LVH is clinically meaningful because it is associated with an increased incidence of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, peripheral vascular insufficiency, aortic dilatation, cerebrovascular events and sudden death or after myocardial infarction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>LVH can be diagnosed by electrocardiogram (ECG) or echocardiogram, which is the procedure of choice because it has a much greater sensitivity than the ECG.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The ECG is a useful but imperfect tool in detecting LVH; its usefulness is mainly due to its low cost and universal availability, routinely performed in cardiac evaluations. Echocardiography is more expensive but not unreasonable and has also been widely available. Yet, to assess the ventricular mass, the most accessible techniques of the method are used. In few situations, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may be necessary, only when technical conditions make echocardiographic assessment unfeasible.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The calculation of left ventricular mass by echocardiography can be performed using different techniques &#8211; one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional, but always to quantify the myocardium in that chamber, based on common fundamentals and, therefore, with similar results. Standards of normality are recommended by the international associations of echocardiography (ASE, EACI)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> and endorsed by most authors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Thus, echocardiography shows uniformity of LVH results based on few studied parameters.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In electrocardiography, the situation is the opposite. As early as 1969, Romhilt et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> described 33 electrocardiographic criteria for diagnosing LVH, and all showed low sensitivity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Over the years, some criteria have solidified as the most used in clinical practice for diagnosing LVH on the ECG, but there is still no consensus in this selection. In a recent article, Wang et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> studied the performance of seven ECG criteria in Chinese patients with LVH on echocardiography. They found a sensitivity of 15%-31.9% and a specificity of 91.6%-99.2% in the global sample, with better sensitivity in concentric LVH. The best LVH descriptors in this research<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> were the Sokolow-Lyon voltage, Cornell voltage, Cornell product and R aVL voltage criteria.</p>
      <p>Povoa et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> in a publication in this journal, studied 13 electrocardiographic criteria for LVH in 2458 hypertensive patients submitted to echocardiography, classified by age group and submitted to rigorous statistical analysis. Among patients aged &#8805; 80 years, the Perugia criteria performed better (sensitivity 44.7%, specificity 89.3% and DOR - diagnostic odds ratio: 6.8) and (Rmax + Smax) x duration (sensitivity 39.4 %, specificity 91.3%, DOR 6.8). In patients aged &lt; 80 years, in addition to these indices mentioned above, the Narita criterion, described in 2019,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> also performed well. In this research, traditional indices had lower diagnostic sensitivity: Sokolow-Lyon voltage &gt; 35 mm with 12%-15.7% in different age groups and Cornell voltage with 17.3%-21% sensitivity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In conclusion, we understand that the electrocardiogram remains an important tool in daily cardiology practice, quite valuable when it indicates LVH, but with still modest diagnostic sensitivity, despite new research in this area.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Performance of the Electrocardiogram in the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Older and Very Older Hypertensive Patients</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
