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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">73csbnt6BSJjrNLp37xVVTv</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001300922</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210811</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210811</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Elevada Press&#227;o do Combate a Pandemia da COVID-19</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1418-9361</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Zampa</surname>
            <given-names>Hugo Bizetto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto do C&#226;ncer do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do C&#226;ncer do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Vila Nova Star - Rede D&#8217;Or</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Vila Nova Star - Rede D&#8217;Or, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva Costa</bold> &#8226; Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 2&#176; andar. CEP <postal-code>01246-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>isabela.bispo@hc.fm.usp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>22</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>922</fpage>
      <lpage>923</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Betacoronav&#237;rus</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Idosos</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Comorbidades</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Apesar de j&#225; estarmos h&#225; quase dois anos no enfrentamento dos desafios impostos pelo novo coronav&#237;rus, ainda nos resta um longo caminho a ser percorrido. A r&#225;pida e f&#225;cil propaga&#231;&#227;o do v&#237;rus n&#227;o s&#243; preocupa a popula&#231;&#227;o e a sociedade cient&#237;fica como um todo, como tamb&#233;m escancarou a fragilidade do sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de brasileiro, tido como universal. Os n&#250;meros falam por si - as taxas exorbitantes de infectados e, consequentemente, de n&#250;meros de &#243;bitos nos fizeram e fazem questionar a condu&#231;&#227;o desta crise sanit&#225;ria.</p>
    <p>Neste cen&#225;rio, indiv&#237;duos idosos e com comorbidades, tais como hipertens&#227;o arterial, diabetes, obesidade e doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, foram os que mais sofreram com a COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O v&#237;rus no organismo leva a extensa disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> intermediada por citocinas inflamat&#243;rias e fatores trombog&#234;nicos, les&#245;es microvasculares disseminadas e graves complica&#231;&#245;es, tais como: embolia pulmonar e sist&#234;mica, inj&#250;ria mioc&#225;rdica e disfun&#231;&#227;o renal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Essas manifesta&#231;&#245;es mostraram-se potencialmente fatais, em especial neste grupo aqui elencado, pela concomitante presen&#231;a de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV).</p>
    <p>Dentre as DCV, a hipertens&#227;o arterial (HA) destaca-se por sua elevada preval&#234;ncia; no Brasil e na China, por exemplo, mais de 20% da popula&#231;&#227;o total &#233; hipertensa, valor que chega a 71,7% em indiv&#237;duos acima de 70 anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A HA se mostra como grave problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica, sendo a si atribu&#237;dos 14% das interna&#231;&#245;es gerais e a responsabilidade por elevado e em ascens&#227;o n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos. Em 2015, no Brasil, foram registradas 47.288 mortes por HA, n&#250;mero este que aumentou para 53.022 em 2019.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Deng et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> nesta publica&#231;&#227;o desta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, de modo muito objetivo, avaliaram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre HA e a gravidade/mortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados pela COVID-19 na China. Em uma coorte retrospectiva de 337 pacientes, elencam-se as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e laboratoriais dos 112 pacientes hipertensos, comparados a um grupo de normotensos. No grupo dos hipertensos, observou-se que eles eram mais idosos, com mais comorbidades associadas (como, doen&#231;a renal e doen&#231;a cerebrovascular) e desenvolveram mais complica&#231;&#245;es no curso da infec&#231;&#227;o, com maior necessidade de suplementa&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio e evolu&#231;&#227;o para s&#237;ndrome do desconforto respirat&#243;rio agudo grave.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>De modo consistente, os dados apresentados por estes autores mostram que as provas inflamat&#243;rias, como prote&#237;na C reativa e procalcitonina est&#227;o mais elevadas nestes pacientes, bem como ocorre maiores n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de marcadores de les&#227;o card&#237;aca (troponina T, creatina quinase MB e NT-proBNP). O grau de hipertens&#227;o arterial tamb&#233;m esteve associado a maior gravidade da COVID-19, uma vez que 60% dos pacientes com HA est&#225;gio III com COVID-19 desenvolveram quadros cr&#237;ticos da doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> O estudo tamb&#233;m mostrou que HA esteve associada a quase 2,2 mais chances de morrer por COVID-19 (OR: 2,093 [IC95%: 1,094-4,006], p=0,024).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Outros pesquisadores corroboram os achados apresentados por estes autores e tamb&#233;m sugerem que a HA &#233; a comorbidade mais comumente relacionada ao aumento de mortalidade em pacientes com COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> O que explicaria a gravidade associada entre este bin&#244;mio ainda n&#227;o foi completamente elucidado. Aventa-se a hip&#243;tese de uma poss&#237;vel interface entre o v&#237;rus e HA com o sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> al&#233;m da disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial que &#233; inerente &#224;s duas doen&#231;as. A invas&#227;o celular pelo v&#237;rus seria facilitada pela enzima conversora da angiotensina 2 (ECA-2), que &#233; amplamente encontrada nas c&#233;lulas card&#237;acas e pulmonares. Assim, esse passaporte seria o pontap&#233; inicial para, posteriormente, o v&#237;rus desencadear uma exuberante cascata inflamat&#243;ria e explicando, em parte, o grave acometimento cardiopulmonar imposto pela COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>De fato, &#233; certo que o combate &#224; pandemia da COVID-19 envolve medidas de isolamento social e vacina&#231;&#227;o em massa. Contudo, a&#231;&#245;es que promovam assist&#234;ncia de sa&#250;de adequada &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o devem ser igualmente priorizadas e mantidas de forma perene no enfrentamento de qualquer contexto adverso, ainda mais evidente neste momento que vivemos. Dessa forma, oportunizar o correto tratamento de doen&#231;as t&#227;o prevalentes, como a HA, pode contribuir de forma significativa para a redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade da COVID-19.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Associa&#231;&#227;o da Hipertens&#227;o com a Gravidade e a Mortalidade de Pacientes Hospitalizados com COVID-19 em Wuhan, China: Estudo Unic&#234;ntrico e Retrospectivo</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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        <mixed-citation>9 Bourgonje AR, Abdulle AE, Timens W, Hillebrands JL, Navis GJ, Gordijn SJ, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Pathol.2020;251(3):228-48.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The High Pressure of Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1418-9361</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Zampa</surname>
            <given-names>Hugo Bizetto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do C&#226;ncer do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Vila Nova Star - Rede D&#8217;Or, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva Costa</bold> &#8226; Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 2&#176; andar. Postal Code <postal-code>01246-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>isabela.bispo@hc.fm.usp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Betacoronavirus</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemics</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Aged</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Comorbidities</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Although we have been facing the challenges posed by the new coronavirus for almost two years, we still have a long way to go. The rapid and easy spread of the virus not only worries the population and scientific society as a whole but also exposes the fragility of the Brazilian public health system. The numbers speak for themselves - the exorbitant rates of infected people and, consequently, the number of deaths made us question the handling of this health crisis.</p>
      <p>In this scenario, elderly individuals with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and coronary artery disease were the ones who suffered most from COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The virus in the body leads to extensive endothelial dysfunction,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> mediated by inflammatory cytokines and thrombogenic factors, disseminated microvascular lesions and serious complications, such as pulmonary and systemic embolism, myocardial injury and renal dysfunction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> These manifestations proved to be potentially fatal, especially in the group listed here, mainly due to the concomitant presence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).</p>
      <p>Among CVDs, arterial hypertension (AH) stands out for its high prevalence; in Brazil and China, more than 20% of the total population is hypertensive, a figure that reaches 71.7% in individuals over 70 years of age.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Thus, AH appears as a severe public health problem, 14% of general admissions attributed to it, and it is responsible for the high and rising number of deaths. In 2015, in Brazil, 47.288 deaths from AH were recorded, increasing to 53.022 in 2019.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Deng et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> in the publication of this issue of the Brazilian Archives of Cardiology, very objectively evaluated the association between AH and severity/mortality in hospitalized patients by COVID-19 in China. In a retrospective cohort of 337 patients, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 112 hypertensive patients are listed compared to a group of normotensive patients. In the hypertensive group, it was observed that they were older, with more associated comorbidities (such as kidney disease and cerebrovascular disease) and developed more complications in the course of the infection, with a greater need for oxygen supplementation and progression to severe acute distress syndrome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Consistently, the data presented by these authors show that inflammatory tests such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin are higher in these patients and higher serum levels of cardiac injury markers (T troponin, creatine kinase MB and NT-proBNP). The degree of arterial hypertension was also associated with greater severity of COVID-19 since 60% of patients with stage III hypertension with COVID-19 developed critical conditions of the disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> The study also showed that AH was associated with almost 2.2 more chances of dying from COVID-19 (OR: 2.093 [CI95%: 1.094-4.006], p=0.024).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Other researchers corroborate the findings presented by these authors and also suggest that AH is the most commonly associated comorbidity with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> What explains the associated severity between this binomial has not yet been fully elucidated. The hypothesis of a possible interface between the virus and AH with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is suggested,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> in addition to the endothelial dysfunction that is inherent to both. Cellular invasion by the virus would be facilitated by the angiotensin-2 converting enzyme (ACE-2), which is widely found in cardiac and lung cells. Thus, this passport would be the kick-off for the virus, later, to trigger an exuberant inflammatory cascade, explaining, in part, the severe cardiopulmonary impairment imposed by COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In fact, combating the COVID-19 pandemic indeed involves measures of social isolation and mass vaccination. However, actions that promote adequate health care to the population must be equally prioritized and maintained perennially in facing any adverse context, even more evident in this moment in which we live. Thus, providing opportunities for the correct treatment of such prevalent diseases, such as AH, can significantly contribute to the reduction of mortality in COVID-19.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Association of Hypertension with Severity and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective study</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
