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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">wMTn874kZfzf8KYL8Z8N8Yv</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001200713</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210716</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210716</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Estrat&#233;gia Chave para Prever Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares: Uma Combina&#231;&#227;o de &#205;ndices Antropom&#233;tricos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4398-3943</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Bruno Nunes Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Tocantins</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Palmas</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">TO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Curso de Medicina - Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Jos&#233; Bruno Nunes Ferreira Silva &#8226; Universidade Federal do Tocantins &#8211; Campus Universit&#225;rio de Palmas &#8211; Avenida NS 15, ALCNO 14, Bala I, 109 Norte, Plano Diretor Norte. CEP 77001-090, Palmas, TO - Brasil E-mail: <email>nunes.brj@mail.uft.edu.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>713</fpage>
      <lpage>714</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Antropometria</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A pandemia de obesidade &#233; um dos problemas de sa&#250;de mais urgentes do s&#233;culo XXI. Prevalente mesmo em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, essa doen&#231;a tem sido relacionada a eventos cardiovasculares, dislipidemia, diabetes tipo 2, dist&#250;rbios do sono e c&#226;ncer. Recentemente, foi considerada um fator de risco para gravidade na doen&#231;a causada pelo novo coronav&#237;rus-2019 (COVID-19).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No Brasil, a Pesquisa Nacional de Sa&#250;de, em parceria com o Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de, constatou que a obesidade tem aumentado gradativamente nos &#250;ltimos 17 anos em mulheres (14,5% a 30,2%) e homens (9,6% a 22,8%) adultos. Sua preval&#234;ncia mais do que dobrou entre 2003 e 2019.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Um esfor&#231;o colaborativo entre o governo, funcion&#225;rios de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica e equipe m&#233;dica &#233; necess&#225;rio para lidar com o problema complexo e multifatorial da obesidade.</p>
    <p>Na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica di&#225;ria, a obesidade &#233; avaliada por meio da medida do peso corporal e da gordura excessiva. Al&#233;m do &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC), &#237;ndices antropom&#233;tricos independentes, incluindo a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura (CC), rela&#231;&#227;o cintura-quadril (RCQ) e &#237;ndice de adiposidade corporal (IAC), s&#227;o meios acess&#237;veis para avaliar a obesidade abdominal. Apesar da disponibilidade e seguran&#231;a na obten&#231;&#227;o desses par&#226;metros, os &#237;ndices adequados para prever o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV) em diferentes idades, sexos e etnias permanecem desconhecidos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>V&#225;rios estudos brasileiros obtiveram resultados conflitantes ao avaliar as medidas antropom&#233;tricas e o risco de desenvolvimento de DCV em adultos. Barroso et al. descobriram que a obesidade central, mas n&#227;o o IMC, foi um preditor de DCV em mulheres adultas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A CC foi considerada a ferramenta alternativa de triagem mais adequada para identificar mulheres quilombolas com risco mais significativo de DCV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Outro estudo relatou que o IMC, a CC e a RCQ foram preditores vi&#225;veis de DCV em homens, enquanto o IMC foi o preditor mais confi&#225;vel para mulheres.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Hachbardt et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> recentemente demonstraram que o IMC estava associado &#224; CC, relacionado ao risco de DCV, mas n&#227;o &#224; RCQ.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Ao resolver os resultados conflitantes desses estudos, o indicador antropom&#233;trico padr&#227;o-ouro de adiposidade para predizer DCV pode ser estabelecido. Esses estudos foram realizados em diferentes per&#237;odos de tempo e seus tamanhos de amostra n&#227;o eram representativos de toda a popula&#231;&#227;o do pa&#237;s.</p>
    <p>O Estudo Longitudinal de Sa&#250;de do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) relatou a associa&#231;&#227;o entre indicadores antropom&#233;tricos de obesidade e DCV em uma grande amostra de mulheres e homens.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> O par&#226;metro da circunfer&#234;ncia do pesco&#231;o e o IAC foram propostos como preditores de um risco de 10 anos para o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;a coronariana.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, a equipe do ELSA-Brasil prop&#244;s um novo m&#233;todo de previs&#227;o de DCV baseado na combina&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros antropom&#233;tricos. O primeiro m&#233;rito do estudo foi que Almeida et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> foram o primeiro grupo a investigar a capacidade preditiva de par&#226;metros antropom&#233;tricos individuais ou combinados para risco coronariano em 15.092 brasileiros.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Al&#233;m da an&#225;lise individual dos par&#226;metros de obesidade, os autores criaram quatro combina&#231;&#245;es (IAC mais CC, IMC mais CC, IAC mais RCQ e IMC mais RCQ) para testar suas hip&#243;teses. O segundo ponto positivo do estudo foi associar um par&#226;metro de obesidade geral a um indicador de obesidade central. Para caracterizar um risco aumentado para eventos cardiovasculares, os indiv&#237;duos foram classificados nos seguintes grupos: VHR20% - para aqueles com 20% ou mais de risco de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana em 10 anos; e HR10%, para indiv&#237;duos com 10-20% de risco de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana em 10 anos.</p>
    <p>Abaixo est&#227;o as principais conclus&#245;es do estudo: Para par&#226;metros individuais, a RCQ foi o par&#226;metro mais confi&#225;vel para VHR20% em ambos os sexos. Ao analisar as combina&#231;&#245;es, RCQ mais IAC foi o preditor mais confi&#225;vel para homens, enquanto RCQ mais IMC foi o preditor mais confi&#225;vel para mulheres com VHR 20%. Al&#233;m disso, indiv&#237;duos com HR10% tiveram um risco maior de doen&#231;a coronariana em 10 anos quando um IAC ou IMC aumentado foi combinado com uma CC ou RCQ mais elevada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Em resumo, as combina&#231;&#245;es de pelo menos um par&#226;metro de obesidade geral e um par&#226;metro de obesidade central foram os principais preditores de desenvolvimento de risco coronariano em 10 anos.</p>
    <p>Esses dados destacaram a import&#226;ncia de incluir medidas agrupadas para analisar perfis de DCV. As informa&#231;&#245;es obtidas neste estudo s&#227;o essenciais para a revis&#227;o e atualiza&#231;&#227;o das diretrizes cl&#237;nicas e das pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas de sa&#250;de. A popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira &#233; heterog&#234;nea em termos de condi&#231;&#245;es sociais, econ&#244;micas e de sa&#250;de.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Assim, an&#225;lises futuras devem incluir um tamanho de amostra representativo para melhor compreender esta doen&#231;a e seu manejo. Al&#233;m disso, a pesquisa de Almeida et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> pode abrir caminhos para novos estudos que identifiquem os marcadores ideais em outros grupos, como a popula&#231;&#227;o jovem brasileira, comparando a associa&#231;&#227;o de par&#226;metros antropom&#233;tricos combinados no desenvolvimento do risco de DCV.</p>
    <p>&#201; hora de agir para proteger nossos cora&#231;&#245;es.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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              <surname>Pereira</surname>
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      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label/>
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Desempenho Individual e Combinado de Indicadores de Obesidade Geral e Central para Estimar Risco Coronariano em Participantes do ELSA-Brasil</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Key Strategy to Predict Cardiovascular Diseases: A Combination of Anthropometric Indices</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4398-3943</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Bruno Nunes Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Curso de Medicina - Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Jos&#233; Bruno Nunes Ferreira Silva&#8226; Universidade Federal do Tocantins &#8211; Campus Universit&#225;rio de Palmas &#8211; Avenida NS 15, ALCNO 14, Bala I, 109 Norte, Plano Diretor Norte. Postal Code 77001-090, Palmas, TO - Brazil E-mail: nunes.brj@mail.uft.edu.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Anthropometry</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesity</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemics</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The obesity pandemic is one of the most pressing health concerns of the 21<sup>st</sup>century. Prevalent even among developed and developing countries, this disease has been related to cardiovascular events, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, sleep disorders, and cancer. It has recently been considered a risk factor for critical illness in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In Brazil, the National Health Survey , in partnership with the Ministry of Health, found that obesity has gradually increased over the last 17 years in adult women (14.5% to 30.2%) and men (9.6% to 22.8%). Its prevalence has more than doubled between 2003 and 2019.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A collaborative effort between the government, public health officers, and medical staff is needed to manage the complex and multifactorial obesity issue.</p>
      <p>In everyday clinical practice, obesity is assessed using body weight and excessive fat measurement. In addition to the body mass index (BMI), independent anthropometric indices, including the waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body adiposity index (BAI), are accessible means for evaluating abdominal obesity. Despite the availability and safety when obtaining these parameters, the appropriate indices for predicting the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) across different ages, genders, and ethnicity, remain unknown.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Several Brazilian studies have obtained conflicting results when evaluating the anthropometric measures and risk of CVD development in adults. Barroso et al. found that central obesity, but not BMI, was a predictor of CVD in adult women.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> WC was considered the most appropriate alternative screening tool to identify Quilombola women with the most significant risk for CVD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Another study reported that the BMI, WC, and WHR were viable predictors of CVD in men, while BMI was the most reliable predictor for women.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Hachbardt et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> recently showed that BMI was associated with WC, related to CVD risk, but not WHR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> By resolving the conflicting results of these studies, the gold standard anthropometric indicator of adiposity for predicting CVD can be established. These studies were conducted in different time periods, and their sample sizes were not representative of the country&#8217;s entire population.</p>
      <p>The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil) has reported the association between anthropometric indicators of obesity and CVD in a large sample of women and men.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The neck circumference parameter and BAI index have been proposed as predictors of a 10-year risk for developing coronary disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this issue of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> , the ELSA-Brazil team has proposed a novel CVD prediction method based on the combination of the anthropometric parameters. The first merit of the study was that Almeida et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> were the first group to investigate the predictive ability of individual or combined anthropometric parameters for coronary risk in 15,092 Brazilian individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> In addition to the individual analysis of obesity parameters, the authors created four combinations (BAI plus WC, BMI plus WC, BAI plus WHR, and BMI plus WHR) to test their hypotheses. The second positive point of the study was to associate one overall obesity parameter with one central obesity indicator. To characterize an increased risk for cardiovascular events, individuals were classified in the following groups: VHR20% - for those with 20% or more of a 10-year coronary artery disease risk; and HR10%, for subjects with 10-20% of a 10-year coronary artery disease risk.</p>
      <p>Below are the main findings of the study: For individual parameters, WHR was the most reliable parameter for VHR20% in both sexes. When analyzing combinations, WHR plus BAI was the most reliable predictor for men, while WHR plus BMI was the most reliable predictor for women with VHR20%. In addition, individuals with HR10% had a higher 10-year coronary disease risk when an increased BAI or BMI was combined with a higher WC or WHR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> In summary, the combinations of at least one overall obesity parameter and one central obesity parameter were the main predictors of coronary risk development in 10 years.</p>
      <p>These data highlighted the importance of including grouped measures for analyzing CVD profiles. The information obtained in this study is essential for reviewing and updating the clinical guidelines and public health policies. The Brazilian population is heterogenous in terms of social, economic, and health conditions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> . Thus, future analyses should include a representative sample size to better understand this disease and its management. Also, the research of Almeida et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> can open up ways for new studies that will identify the ideal markers in other groups, as the Brazilian youth population, comparing the association of combined anthropometric parameters on CVD risk development.</p>
      <p>It is time to act to protect our hearts.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label/>
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Individual and Combined Performance of Indicators of Overall and Central Obesity to Estimate Coronary Risk in ELSA-Brasil Participants</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
