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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">BFr8vSv8jHSZvtq5JPBMqHk</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001200676</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210739</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210739</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Como Podemos Modular Favoravelmente o &#193;cido &#218;rico S&#233;rico?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9340-495X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Antoniazzi</surname>
            <given-names>Luiza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3852-2096</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Dias</surname>
            <given-names>La&#237;s Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Luiza Antoniazzi &#8226; Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. CEP 05403-000, Pacaembu, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>luiza.antoniazzi@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>676</fpage>
      <lpage>677</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Acido &#218;rico/uso terap&#234;utico</kwd>
        <kwd>Dieta</kwd>
        <kwd>Pessoa de Meia Idade</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Hereditariedade</kwd>
        <kwd>Hiperuricemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Preven&#231;&#227;o e Controle</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O estudo &#8220;Impacto da Concentra&#231;&#227;o de &#193;cido &#218;rico S&#233;rico no Risco de Doen&#231;a Cardiovascular: Um Estudo Coorte Realizado no Norte da China&#8221;,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> realizado em uma coorte de chineses de meia-idade, discute a influ&#234;ncia do &#225;cido &#250;rico nos desfechos cardiovasculares. O estudo mostrou que o &#225;cido &#250;rico s&#233;rico foi um fator de risco para doen&#231;as cardiovasculares em pessoas de meia-idade e idosos no norte da China.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Os achados sobre essa associa&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o controversos. Tendo sido comprovado em estudos anteriores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Desde 2018, a Diretriz Europeia para o controle da hipertens&#227;o recomenda o n&#237;vel s&#233;rico de &#225;cido &#250;rico como um par&#226;metro para avaliar o risco cardiovascular,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> e a dosagem do &#225;cido &#250;rico deve ser inclu&#237;da no acompanhamento de rotina de pacientes com hipertens&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Deve-se considerar que fatores como atividade f&#237;sica, dieta, estresse e hist&#243;rico familiar influenciam os n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de &#225;cido &#250;rico e tamb&#233;m o risco cardiovascular; entretanto, eles n&#227;o foram avaliados no estudo de Nie et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Dentre esses fatores, a dieta tem uma influ&#234;ncia importante e j&#225; foi investigada em estudos anteriores.</p>
    <p>A dieta <italic>Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension</italic> (DASH), originalmente indicada para reduzir a press&#227;o arterial, caracterizada pelo alto consumo de vegetais, gr&#227;os integrais e latic&#237;nios com baixo teor de gordura, tamb&#233;m pode ser sugerida para reduzir os n&#237;veis de &#225;cido &#250;rico, como descrito por Gao et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> com 71.893 participantes chineses no estudo Kailuan I e no estudo Kailuan II, que n&#227;o apresentavam gota em uma avalia&#231;&#227;o anterior. A ades&#227;o &#224; dieta DASH foi associada de maneira independente a uma baixa probabilidade de apresentar hiperuricemia. Outro estudo com adultos pr&#233;-hipertensos ou hipertensos mostrou uma redu&#231;&#227;o nos n&#237;veis de &#225;cido &#250;rico gravemente elevados ap&#243;s 30 dias de ades&#227;o &#224; dieta DASH, e esse efeito foi mantido por mais 90 dias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Quanto ao padr&#227;o alimentar vegetariano, um estudo com 424 individuos que consumiam carne, 425 que consumiam peixe, 422 vegetarianos e 422 veganos, participantes da coorte EPIC-Oxford, sugeriu que os veganos tinham os n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos mais elevados de &#225;cido &#250;rico, seguidos por aqueles que consumiam carne, os que consumiam peixe e vegetarianos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Esses resultados contrastam com as descobertas de um estudo com 14.809 indiv&#237;duos (6.932 homens e 7.877 mulheres) participantes da pesquisa <italic>Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey</italic> (1988-1994), onde um alto consumo de carne e frutos do mar foi associado a n&#237;veis mais elevados de &#225;cido &#250;rico no sangue, embora n&#227;o tenha havido associa&#231;&#227;o com a prote&#237;na total da dieta.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Essa controv&#233;rsia entre os achados e o fato de que veganos e vegetarianos apresentaram os valores extremos de uricemia no estudo EPIC-Oxford<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> pode ser devido ao fato de que o alto consumo de latic&#237;nios integrais, leite integral, latic&#237;nios com baixo teor de gordura, leite com baixo teor de gordura, iogurte com baixo teor de gordura e queijos est&#227;o associados a um risco menor de hiperuricemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A dieta mediterr&#226;nea, amplamente estudada nas doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, contribui para a preven&#231;&#227;o e o tratamento da hiperuricemia. Uma maior ades&#227;o &#224; dieta foi relacionada &#224; menor probabilidade de ter hiperuricemia em 2.380 participantes do estudo ATTICA sem fatores de risco cardiovascular anteriores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Al&#233;m do padr&#227;o alimentar, outros fatores podem influenciar o aumento do &#225;cido &#250;rico s&#233;rico. No estudo <italic>Elderly-SEPHAR III Study</italic> , com uma amostra de 1.920 adultos, dos quais 447 eram pacientes idosos (&gt; 65 anos de idade), a idade representou um dos fatores que contribu&#237;ram para o aumento do n&#237;vel de &#225;cido &#250;rico s&#233;rico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Em outro estudo, o &#237;ndice de massa corporal, a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura e a rela&#231;&#227;o cintura-altura foram positivamente associados ao risco de hiperuricemia em 2.895 participantes do estudo <italic>China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study</italic> com 4 anos de acompanhamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares continuam sendo a principal causa de morte no mundo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> e as mudan&#231;as diet&#233;ticas que est&#227;o ocorrendo e continuar&#227;o ocorrendo em todas as partes do mundo, com predom&#237;nio de padr&#245;es alimentares que por si s&#243; possuem um perfil nutricional relacionado ao desenvolvimento de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas e tamb&#233;m de uma composi&#231;&#227;o que favore&#231;a o aumento do &#225;cido &#250;rico s&#233;rico, agravar&#225; o risco cardiovascular associado. Diante desse contexto, os achados do estudo de Nie et al., 2021, devem ser observados e utilizados para subsidiar a&#231;&#245;es tanto no manejo cl&#237;nico de pacientes com risco cardiovascular, quanto para direcionar a&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica voltadas para sua preven&#231;&#227;o.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Impacto da Concentra&#231;&#227;o de &#193;cido &#218;rico S&#233;rico no Risco de Doen&#231;a Cardiovascular: Um Estudo Coorte Realizado no Norte da China</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>How Can We Favorably Modulate Serum Uric Acid?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9340-495X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Antoniazzi</surname>
            <given-names>Luiza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3852-2096</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Dias</surname>
            <given-names>La&#237;s Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Luiza Antoniazzi &#8226; Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05403-000, Pacaembu, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: luiza.antoniazzi@hotmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Uric Acid/therapeutic use</kwd>
        <kwd>Diet</kwd>
        <kwd>Middle Aged</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Heredity</kwd>
        <kwd>Hyperruricemia, Prevention and Control</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The study &#8220;Impact of Serum Uric Acid Concentration on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Cohort Study Conducted in Northern China&#8221;,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> carried out with a cohort of middle-aged Chinese, discusses the influence of uric acid on cardiovascular outcomes. The study showed that serum uric acid was a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly people in northern China.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Findings about this association are controversial. It has been proven in previous studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Since 2018, the European Guideline for the management of hypertension recommends serum uric acid level as a parameter for assessing cardiovascular risk,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> and uric acid measurement should be included in the routine follow-up of patients with hypertension.</p>
      <p>It should be considered that factors such as physical activity, diet, stress and family history influence serum uric acid levels and also cardiovascular risk; however, they were not evaluated in the study by Nie et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Among these factors, diet has an important influence and has been investigated in previous studies.</p>
      <p>The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, originally indicated for reducing blood pressure, characterized by high consumption of vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy, can also be suggested for reducing uric acid levels, as described by Gao et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> with 71,893 Chinese participants in the Kailuan I study and the Kailuan II study, who did not have gout in a previous evaluation. Adherence to the DASH diet was independently associated with a low probability of having hyperuricemia. Another study with pre-hypertensive or hypertensive adults showed a reduction in severely high uric acid levels after 30 days of adherence to the DASH diet, and this effect was sustained for another 90 days.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As for the vegetarian eating pattern, a study with 424 meat eaters, 425 fish eaters, 422 vegetarians and 422 vegans, participants of the EPIC-Oxford cohort, suggested that vegans had the highest serum levels of uric acid, followed by meat eaters, fish eaters and vegetarians.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> These results contrast with findings from a study of 14,809 participants (6,932 men and 7,877 women) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988&#8211;1994), where a high consumption of meat and seafood was associated with higher blood uric acid levels , although there was no association with total dietary protein.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>This controversy between the findings and the fact that vegans and vegetarians had the extremes of uricemia values in the EPIC-Oxford study,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> 2013), may be due to the fact that a high consumption of total dairy products, total milk, low-fat dairy products, low-fat milk, low-fat yogurt, and cheese is associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The Mediterranean diet, widely studied in cardiovascular diseases, contributes to the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia. Greater adherence to the diet was related to a lower probability of having hyperuricemia in 2,380 participants in the ATTICA study without previous cardiovascular risk factors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In addition to the dietary pattern, other factors can influence the increase in serum uric acid. In the Elderly-SEPHAR III Study, with a sample of 1,920 adults, of whom 447 were elderly patients (&gt;65 years of age), age represented one of the factors contributing to the increased level of serum uric acid.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> In another study, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio were positively associated with the risk of hyperuricemia in 2,895 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study with a 4-year follow-up.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death in the world<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> and dietary changes that are occurring and will continue to occur in all parts of the world, with a predominance of dietary patterns that in themselves have a nutritional profile related to development of chronic diseases and also a composition that favors an increase in serum uric acid, will aggravate the associated cardiovascular risk. Considering this context, the findings of the study by Nie et al., 2021, should be observed and used to support actions both in the clinical management of patients at cardiovascular risk, as well as to direct public health actions aimed at its prevention.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Impact of Serum Uric Acid Concentration on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Cohort Study Conducted in Northern China</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
