<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" article-type="editorial" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">546Mt3d9vV5pnx8J3M3xtXG</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001100542</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210633</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210633</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Desafio da Avalia&#231;&#227;o do Risco de Morte S&#250;bita Card&#237;aca em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca de Etiologia N&#227;o Isqu&#234;mica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9891-676X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Spineti</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pimenta de Mello</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>S&#225;</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Souto da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Wajsbrot</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Reznik</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Unimed-Rio</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Unimed-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Pedro Pimenta de Mello Spineti &#8226;</bold> Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto &#8211; Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77. CEP <postal-code>20551-030</postal-code>, Vila Isabel, RJ &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>pedrospineti@yahoo.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>542</fpage>
      <lpage>543</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Morte S&#250;bita</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Esquerda</kwd>
        <kwd>Galectina-3</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrose Endomioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade, Biomarcadores</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A Morte S&#250;bita Card&#237;aca (MSC) &#233; respons&#225;vel por cerca de 50% das mortes de pacientes com cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica e n&#227;o-isqu&#234;mica na presen&#231;a de disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica grave do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Diversos ensaios cl&#237;nicos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> avaliaram a efetividade do Cardiodesfibrilador Implant&#225;vel (CDI) na preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria da MSC nos &#250;ltimos 20 anos.</p>
    <p>Os estudos MADIT II<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> e SCD-HeFT<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> estabeleceram as bases para a indica&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> do CDI na profilaxia prim&#225;ria da MSC dos paciente com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) de etiologia isqu&#234;mica. Por outro lado, ensaios cl&#237;nicos que avaliaram pacientes com IC de etiologia n&#227;o-isqu&#234;mica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> demonstraram resultados heterog&#234;neos, e at&#233; o momento, lidamos com incertezas sobre quais os melhores candidatos para este tipo de terapia.</p>
    <p>O SCD-HeFT<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> avaliou o emprego do CDI para profilaxia de MSC em pacientes com IC de etiologia isqu&#234;mica e n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica. Apesar dos benef&#237;cios do CDI observados no subgrupo de n&#227;o-isqu&#234;micos, os resultados foram inconsistentes. No estudo DEFINiTE<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> o CDI n&#227;o proporcionou redu&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade significativa. J&#225; os estudos AMIOVIRT<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> e CAT<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> apresentaram casu&#237;stica reduzida e tempo curto de seguimento, produzindo resultados inconclusivos.</p>
    <p>Uma metan&#225;lise<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> desses quatros estudos, publicada em 2010, mostrou resultado favor&#225;vel ao uso de CDIs neste grupo de pacientes, o que tem respaldado sua indica&#231;&#227;o nas diretrizes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> No entanto, em 2016, o estudo DANISH<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> reacendeu a discuss&#227;o ao n&#227;o observar redu&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade em pacientes com IC n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica submetidos a implante de CDI. Apesar das cr&#237;ticas sofridas,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> o estudo refor&#231;ou a necessidade da busca por preditores de melhor resposta ao implante de CDI.</p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Kochi et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> avaliaram o papel da galectina-3 na predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos arr&#237;tmicos graves e morte por todas as causas em pacientes com IC de etiologia n&#227;o-isqu&#234;mica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> Esta mol&#233;cula vem sendo estudada como um marcador progn&#243;stico em pacientes com cardiopatia e fibrose mioc&#225;rdica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> Sendo a fibrose um conhecido substrato para arritmias ventriculares, a quantifica&#231;&#227;o do grau de acometimento ventricular por meio de biomarcadores que identificam tal altera&#231;&#227;o poderia facilitar a sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes sob maior risco de MSC.</p>
    <p>Apesar do racional e desenho elegantes do estudo, a galectina-3 n&#227;o foi capaz de predizer MSC como vari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua ou estratificada em quartis. Seu quartil mais elevado, no entanto, esteve associado a maior risco de morte por todas as causas.</p>
    <p>A predi&#231;&#227;o de risco de MSC nos pacientes com IC n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica segue um desafio e novos estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para identificar o paciente com maior probabilidade de se beneficiar do emprego do CDI.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Preditores de Mortalidade Total e Eventos Arr&#237;tmicos Graves em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca N&#227;o Isqu&#234;mica: O Papel da Galectina-3</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Martinelli</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
              <suffix>Filho</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zimerman</surname>
              <given-names>LI</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lorga</surname>
              <given-names>AM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vasconcelos</surname>
              <given-names>JTM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rassi</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Guidelines for Implantable Electronic Cardiac Devices of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2007</year>
          <volume>89</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>e210</fpage>
          <lpage>e238</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1. Martinelli Filho M, Zimerman LI, Lorga AM, Vasconcelos JTM, Rassi A Jr. Guidelines for Implantable Electronic Cardiac Devices of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007; 89 (6): e210-e238.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Moss</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zareba</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hall</surname>
              <given-names>WJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2002</year>
          <volume>346</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>877</fpage>
          <lpage>883</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2. Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346(12):877-83.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bardy</surname>
              <given-names>GH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>KL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mark</surname>
              <given-names>DB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Poole</surname>
              <given-names>JE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Packer</surname>
              <given-names>DL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Boineau</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. The Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure (SCD-HeFT) Trial</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2005</year>
          <volume>20</volume>
          <issue>352</issue>
          <fpage>225</fpage>
          <lpage>237</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3. Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R, et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. The Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure (SCD-HeFT) Trial. N Engl J Med. 2005; 20(352):225-37.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Comit&#234; Coordenador da Diretriz de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca. Diretriz Brasileira de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Cr&#244;nica e Aguda</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>111</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>436</fpage>
          <lpage>539</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4. Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Comit&#234; Coordenador da Diretriz de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca. Diretriz Brasileira de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Cr&#244;nica e Aguda. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 111(3):436-539.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kadish</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dyer</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Daubert</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Quigg</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Estes</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Anderson</surname>
              <given-names>KP</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2004</year>
          <volume>350</volume>
          <issue>21</issue>
          <fpage>2151</fpage>
          <lpage>2158</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5. Kadish A, Dyer A, Daubert JP, Quigg R, Estes M, Anderson KP, et al. Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350(21):2151-8.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Strickberger</surname>
              <given-names>SA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hummel</surname>
              <given-names>JD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bartlett</surname>
              <given-names>TG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Frumin</surname>
              <given-names>HI</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schuger</surname>
              <given-names>CD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Beau</surname>
              <given-names>SL</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Amiodarone versus implantable cardioverterdefibrillator: randomized trial in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia - AMIOVIRT</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>41</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>1707</fpage>
          <lpage>1712</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6. Strickberger SA, Hummel JD, Bartlett TG, Frumin HI, Schuger CD, Beau SL, et al. Amiodarone versus implantable cardioverterdefibrillator: randomized trial in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia - AMIOVIRT. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 41(10):1707&#8211;12.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>B&#228;nsch</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Antz</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Boczor</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Volkmer</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tebbenjohanns</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Seidl</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: the Cardiomyopathy Trial (CAT)</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2002</year>
          <volume>105</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1453</fpage>
          <lpage>1458</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7. B&#228;nsch D, Antz M, Boczor S, Volkmer M, Tebbenjohanns J, Seidl K, et al. Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: the Cardiomyopathy Trial (CAT). Circulation. 2002; 105(12):1453&#8211;8.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Theuns</surname>
              <given-names>DAMJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Smith</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hunink</surname>
              <given-names>MGM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bardy</surname>
              <given-names>GH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jordaens</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effectiveness of prophylactic implantation of cardioverterdefibrillators without cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with ischaemic or non-ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis</article-title>
          <source>Europace</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>1564</fpage>
          <lpage>1570</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8. Theuns DAMJ, Smith T, Hunink MGM, Bardy GH, Jordaens L. Effectiveness of prophylactic implantation of cardioverterdefibrillators without cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with ischaemic or non-ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace. 2010;12(11):1564-70.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>K&#248;ber</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Thune</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nielsen</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Haarbo</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Videb&#230;k</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Korup</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>375</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1221</fpage>
          <lpage>1230</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9. K&#248;ber L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC, Haarbo J, Videb&#230;k L, Korup E, et al. Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(13):1221-30.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gimbel</surname>
              <given-names>JR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mackall</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Does Anyone Really Believe the Results of the DANISH Trial? - Implanting an ICD in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Patients</article-title>
          <source>Pacing Clin Electrophysiol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>40</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>459</fpage>
          <lpage>462</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10. Gimbel JR, Mackall J. Does Anyone Really Believe the Results of the DANISH Trial? - Implanting an ICD in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2017;40(5):459-62.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kochi</surname>
              <given-names>AN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pimentel</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andrades</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zimerman</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zimerman</surname>
              <given-names>LI</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rohde</surname>
              <given-names>LE</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Predictors of Total Mortality and Serious Arrhythmic Events in Non-Ischemic Heart Failure Patients: The Role of Galectin-3</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>531</fpage>
          <lpage>541</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>11. Kochi AN, Pimentel M, Andrades M, Zimerman T, Zimerman LI, Rohde LE. Predictors of Total Mortality and Serious Arrhythmic Events in Non-Ischemic Heart Failure Patients: The Role of Galectin-3. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 117(3):531-541.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Fernandes</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Melo</surname>
              <given-names>DTP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ramirez</surname>
              <given-names>FJA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sabino</surname>
              <given-names>EC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moreira</surname>
              <given-names>CHV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Benvenutti</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Galectina-3 em Pacientes com Pericardite Constritiva Cr&#244;nica</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>114</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>683</fpage>
          <lpage>689</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>12. Fernandes F, Melo DTP, Ramirez FJA, Sabino EC, Moreira CHV, Benvenutti LA, et al. Galectina-3 em Pacientes com Pericardite Constritiva Cr&#244;nica. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(4): 683-89.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Fernandes</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moreira</surname>
              <given-names>CHV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Souza-Basqueira</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>di Lorenzo</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ramires</surname>
              <given-names>FJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Galectina-3 Associada a Formas Graves e Mortalidade em Longo Prazo em Pacientes com Doen&#231;a de Chagas</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>116</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>248</fpage>
          <lpage>256</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>13. Fernandes F, Moreira CHV, Oliveira LC, Souza-Basqueira M, di Lorenzo C, Ramires FJ, et al. Galectina-3 Associada a Formas Graves e Mortalidade em Longo Prazo em Pacientes com Doen&#231;a de Chagas. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;116(2):248-56.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Challenge of Assessing Sudden Cardiac Death Risk in Patients with Nonischemic Heart Failure</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9891-676X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Spineti</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pimenta de Mello</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>S&#225;</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Souto da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Wajsbrot</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Reznik</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Unimed-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Pedro Pimenta de Mello Spineti &#8226;</bold> Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto &#8211; Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77. Postal Code <postal-code>20551-030</postal-code>, Vila Isabel, RJ &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>pedrospineti@yahoo.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Death, Sudden, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Dysfunction, Left</kwd>
        <kwd>Galectin 3</kwd>
        <kwd>Endomyocardial Fibrosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality; Biomarkers</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for approximately 50% of deaths in patients with ischemic and nonischemic heart disease in the presence of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Many clinical trials<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> have evaluated the effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in primary prevention of SCD in the last 20 years.</p>
      <p>The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II (MADIT II)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> and the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure (SCD-HeFT)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> defined the principles for indication<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> of ICDs in primary prophylaxis of SCD of patients with heart failure (HF) of ischemic etiology. On the other hand, clinical trials evaluating patients with HF of nonischemic origin<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> have shown heterogeneous results and, so far, there are uncertainties on the best candidates for this type of therapy.</p>
      <p>The SCD-HeFT<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> evaluated the use of ICDs in the prophylaxis of SCD in patients with HF of ischemic and nonischemic origin. Despite the benefits of ICDs observed in the nonischemic subgroup, the results were inconsistent. In the DEFINiTE,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> the use of ICD did not promote a significant reduction in mortality. The AMIOVIRT<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> and the CAT<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> had small sample sizes and short follow-up, yielding inconclusive results.</p>
      <p>A meta-analysis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> of these four studies, published in 2010, described favorable results for the use of ICDs in this group of patients, which has supported the indication of these devices in the guidelines.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> However, in 2016, the DANISH<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> study reopened the discussion as it did not demonstrate a reduction in mortality of nonischemic HF patients with the use of ICDs. Despite the critics received,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> the study reinforced the need for establishing the best predictors of response to ICD implantantion.</p>
      <p>In this issue of the Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Kochi et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> evaluated the role of galectin-3 in predicting severe arrhythmic events and all-cause mortality in patients with HF of nonischemic etiology.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> This molecule has been investigated as a prognostic marker in patients with HF and myocardial fibrosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> Fibrosis is a known substrate for ventricular arrhythmias, and the quantification of ventricular dysfunction using biomarkers that identify these changes would help the selection of patients at high risk of SCD.</p>
      <p>Despite the elegant study rational and design, galectin-3 could not predict SCD neither as a continuous variable nor when stratified in quartiles. However, the highest quartile was associated with higher all-cause mortality.</p>
      <p>The prediction of risk of SCD in nonischemic heart failure patients is still a challenge, and studies determining which patients would benefit most from the use of ICD are still needed.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Predictors of Total Mortality and Serious Arrhythmic Events in Non-Ischemic Heart Failure Patients: The Role of Galectin-3</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
